I-Fetoscopy - Iinkqubo, Ukulungiselela, Iindleko, kunye noBuyiselo

I-Fetoscopy yinkqubo yotyando echaphazela kancinane evumela ababoneleli bezempilo ukuba babone kwaye bafikelele kwi-fetus esesibelekweni ngokusikwa okuncinci kwisisu sikamama. Obu buchule busebenzisa i-fetoscope, i-endoscope ekhethekileyo eyenzelwe ukuxilonga umntwana ongekazalwa kunye nokungenelela. Eyona njongo iphambili ye-fetoscopy kukuxilonga kunye nokunyanga iimeko ezahlukeneyo ze-fetus ngelixa unciphisa umngcipheko kumama kunye nosana.

Inkqubo idla ngokuqhutywa kwi-trimester yesibini yokukhulelwa, ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwe-18 kunye ne-26 yeeveki zokumitha. I-Fetoscopy inokubaluleka ekuchongeni nasekulawuleni iimeko ezinje nge-anomalies yokuzalwa, i-anemia yomntwana, kunye neentlobo ezithile ze-twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. Ngokubonelela ngokubonwa ngokuthe ngqo kwe-fetus, i-fetoscopy yenza ababoneleli bezempilo benze izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nokulawulwa kwezi meko.

I-Fetoscopy idla ngokuqwalaselwa xa iindlela zokucinga ezingabonakaliyo, ezifana ne-ultrasound, aziboneleli ngolwazi olwaneleyo okanye xa ukungenelela kwonyango kuyimfuneko. Ukukwazi ukwenza iinkqubo ezifana notofelo-gazi lomntwana okanye unyango lwe-laser kwimiba ye-placenta yenza i-fetoscopy ibe sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kukhathalelo lwangoku lokubeleka.

Kutheni i-Fetoscopy yenziwa?

I-Fetoscopy idla ngokucetyiswa xa kukho iimpawu ezithile okanye iimeko eziqinisekisa ukuxilongwa ngokusondeleyo kwe-fetus. Ezinye zezizathu eziqhelekileyo zokwenza i-fetoscopy ziquka:

• Ukuzalwa Okungaqhelekanga: Ukuba i-ultrasound ityhila i-anomalies enokwenzeka yokuzalwa, njenge-neural tube defects okanye i-heart defects, i-fetoscopy inokubonelela ngembono ecacileyo kwaye ivumele ukuphononongwa okuqhubekayo.
• I-Anemia yoMntwana: Iimeko ezifana nesifo se-Rh zinokukhokelela kwi-anemia yomntwana, apho umntwana ongekazalwa engenazo iiseli zegazi ezibomvu ezaneleyo. I-Fetoscopy ivumela ukutofelwa igazi ngokuthe ngqo kwi-fetus, enokuthi isindise ubomi.
• I-Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS): Kwiimeko zamawele afanayo abelana nge-placenta, iwele elinye linokufumana igazi elininzi kunelinye, okukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzulu. I-Fetoscopy ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza unyango lwelaser ukulungisa oku kungalingani.
• Imiba yePlacenta: Ukungaqhelekanga kwi-placenta, njenge-accreta okanye i-previa, kunokufuna i-fetoscopy yokuxilongwa kunye nokungenelela okunokwenzeka.
• Utyando lokubeleka: Utyando lwe-Fetoscopic lubuchule obungangeneleli obubandakanya amanxeba amancinane kunye nokusetyenziswa kwekhamera ekhethekileyo (fetoscope) ukunyanga iimeko ezithile zosana olungekazalwa. Le ndlela yokusebenzela yahlukile kuqhaqho oluvulekileyo losana olungekazalwa, olubandakanya ukusika okukhulu kunye nokubonwa okuthe ngqo kwemveku. Iinkqubo ze-Fetoscopic ngokuqhelekileyo zisebenza kwiimeko ezikhethiweyo, ezifana nokulungiswa kwe-spina bifida kwi-utero (imeko apho intambo yomgogodla womntwana ingakhuli kakuhle ngaphambi kokuzalwa), kwaye ayifanelekanga kulo lonke utyando lomntwana.

Isigqibo sokuqhubeka sisekelwe ekulinganiseni iingozi ezinokubakho kunye neenzuzo zokukhulelwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuyacetyiswa xa iinzuzo ezinokuthi zibe kho zenkqubo zigqithise iingozi ezibandakanyekayo.

Iimpawu zeFetoscopy

Iimeko ezininzi zeklinikhi kunye neziphumo zovavanyo zingabonisa ukuba isigulane singumviwa we-fetoscopy. Ezi ziquka:

• Iziphumo zeUltrasound ezingaqhelekanga: Ukuba i-ultrasounds yesiqhelo ityhila ukungahambi kakuhle ekukhuleni komntwana, njengeziphene zesakhiwo okanye imiba yokukhula, i-fetoscopy inokuboniswa ukuze ihlolwe ngakumbi.
• Imiqathango kamama: Imiba ethile yempilo kamama, efana nezifo ezizimelayo okanye usulelo, inokuchaphazela impilo yomntwana. I-Fetoscopy inokuba yimfuneko ukubeka iliso kwimeko ye-fetus kule meko.
• Imbali yoSapho yeGenetic Disorders: Ngelixa kunqabile ukwenziwa kuphela kuvavanyo lwemfuza namhlanje, i-fetoscopy inokunceda kwi-tissue biopsy okanye ukubonwa xa ukuxilongwa ngezinye iindlela kungangqinelani.
• Ukonyuka koMngcipheko weengxaki: Ukukhulelwa okunomngcipheko ophezulu weengxaki, ezifana nezo zibandakanya ukukhulelwa okuphindaphindiweyo okanye ukulahleka kokukhulelwa kwangaphambili, kunokuqinisekisa ukuba i-fetoscopy ibeka iliso elisondeleyo.
• Iziphazamiso zeNtliziyo yeFetal: Ukuba kukho iinkxalabo malunga nesantya sentliziyo yomntwana, i-fetoscopy inokunceda ukuvavanya izizathu ezisisiseko kunye nolawulo lwesikhokelo.
• I-Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR): I-Fetoscopy inokuboniswa kwiimeko ze-IUGR ukuvavanya imeko yomntwana kunye nokumisela eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwenza.

Isishwankathelo, i-fetoscopy yinkqubo ebalulekileyo enokubonelela ngolwazi olubalulekileyo kunye nokungenelela kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo ze-fetus. Ngokuqonda iimpawu ze-fetoscopy, izigulane kunye neentsapho zazo zinokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nokunyamekelwa kunye nempilo yomntwana wabo ongekazalwa.

Contraindications for Fetoscopy

I-Fetoscopy yinkqubo ekhethekileyo evumela ababoneleli bezempilo ukuba babone ngeso lengqondo i-fetus kwi-utero kwaye benze ukungenelela okuthile. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimeko ezithile kunye nezinto ezinokuthi zenze isigulane singafaneleki kule nkqubo. Ukuqonda ezi zithintelo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko kunye nentlalontle kamama kunye nosana olungekazalwa.

• Iimeko zempilo yoMama: Imiba ethile yempilo kamama inokubangela umngcipheko omkhulu ngexesha le-fetoscopy. Iimeko ezinjengoxinzelelo lwegazi olunzima, isifo sikashukela esingalawulekiyo, okanye isifo senhliziyo esibalulekileyo sinokunyusa amathuba okuba neengxaki ngexesha lenkqubo. Ukuba umama unembali yokubeleka kwangaphambili okanye ukungahambi kakuhle komlomo wesibeleko, i-fetoscopy ayinakucetyiswa.
• Ukukhulelwa Okuninzi: Abasetyhini abaphethe ii-multiples (amawele, amawele amathathu, njl. njl.) banokujamelana nemingcipheko eyongeziweyo ngexesha le-fetoscopy. Ubukho bama-fetus amaninzi bunokwenza inkqubo ibe nzima kwaye ikhulise amathuba okuba neengxaki, okwenza kube yinto enokuchasana nayo.
• Indawo Yendawo: Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, ezintsonkothileyo, i-fetoscopy inokuncedisa ekuvavanyeni iingxaki ze-placenta ecaleni kwe-imaging, kodwa ayiqhelekanga ukusetyenziswa njengonyango olusisiseko lweemeko ezifana ne-placenta previa okanye i-accreta.
• Usulelo: Ukuba kukho ukusuleleka okusebenzayo kumama, njenge-chorioamnionitis (usulelo lwe-amniotic fluid), i-fetoscopy ngokuqhelekileyo iphikisana. Usulelo lunokunyusa umngcipheko weengxaki ngexesha lenkqubo kwaye lunokubangela umngcipheko kumntwana.
• Iingxaki zeFetal: Kwezinye iimeko, ukuba kufunyenwe i-anomalies enzima yomntwana, iqela lokhathalelo lwezempilo linokugqiba ukuba imingcipheko ye-fetoscopy ingaphezulu kweenzuzo ezinokubakho. Esi sigqibo sisoloko senziwe ngokubonisana nengcali yeyeza losana olukhulelweyo.
• Imbali yoCando lwangaphambili: Imbali yotyando olubalulekileyo lwesisu okanye i-pelvic inokuba yinto echaseneyo. Izicubu ezinqabileyo ezivela kutyando lwangaphambili zingenza nzima inkqubo kwaye zonyuse umngcipheko wokulimala kwizicubu ezijikelezileyo.
• Ukhetho lwesigulana: Ekugqibeleni, ukuba isigulane siziva singakhululekanga okanye singathandi ukwenza i-fetoscopy, oku kufuneka kuhlonishwe. Imvume enolwazi yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yayo nayiphi na inkqubo yonyango, kwaye ukuzimela kwesigulane kubaluleke kakhulu.

Uyilungiselela njani i-Fetoscopy?

Ukulungiselela i-fetoscopy kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo ihamba kakuhle kwaye ikhuselekile. Nanga amanyathelo kunye nemiyalelo ekufuneka izigulana ziyilandele:

• Ukubonisana: Ngaphambi kwenkqubo, izigulane ziya kuboniswana ngokucokisekileyo kunye nomboneleli wabo wezempilo. Le ngxoxo iya kugubungela izizathu ze-fetoscopy, ukuba ulindele ntoni, kunye nazo naziphi na iingozi ezinokuthi zibandakanyeke.
• Uphononongo lweMbali yezoNyango: Izigulana kufuneka zibonelele ngembali yonyango epheleleyo, kubandakanywa nawaphi na amayeza abawathathayo, aleji, kunye notyando lwangaphambili. Olu lwazi lunceda iqela lokhathalelo lwempilo ukuba lihlole naziphi na iingozi ezinokubakho.
• UVavanyo Lwenkqubo Yangaphambili: Izigulane zinokuvavanywa izihlandlo ezininzi phambi kokuba kwenziwe inkqubo. Ezi zinokubandakanya uvavanyo lwegazi lokukhangela usulelo, iimvavanyo ze-ultrasound zokuvavanya impilo yomntwana kunye nendawo, kunye novavanyo olungenaxinzelelo lokuhlola ukubetha kwentliziyo yomntwana.
• Imiyalelo yokuzila ukutya: Izigulane zihlala zicetyiswa ukuba ziyeke ukutya okanye ukusela ixesha elithile phambi kwenkqubo. Oku kuqhelekile malunga ne-6 kwiiyure ze-8, kodwa imiyalelo ethile iya kunikwa liqela lezempilo.
• Imithi: Izigulana kufuneka zixoxe ngamayeza azo angoku kunye nomboneleli wabo wezempilo. Amanye amayeza anokufuna ukuhlengahlengiswa okanye amiswe okwethutyana phambi kokuba kwenziwe inkqubo.
• Inkqubo yoNkxaso: Kuyacetyiswa ukuba izigulana zilungiselele ukuba kubekho umntu oza kuzikhapha xa zisiya kunyango. Lo mntu unokubonelela ngenkxaso yeemvakalelo kwaye ancedise ngesithuthi esigodukayo emva koko, njengoko izigulana zinokuziva zibuhlungu okanye zingakhululeki emva kwenkqubo.
• Ukuqonda inkqubo: Izigulane kufuneka zithathe ixesha lokuqonda inkqubo ye-fetoscopy, kubandakanywa oko kuya kwenzeka ngaphambi, ngexesha, nasemva kwenkqubo. Olu lwazi lunokunceda ukunciphisa ixhala kwaye lubalungiselele amava.
• Ukhathalelo lwasemva kweNkqubo: Izigulane kufuneka zixelelwe malunga nokuba zilindele ntoni emva kwenkqubo, kubandakanywa naziphi na iimpawu zeengxaki zokubukela, ezifana nokopha okukhulu okanye intlungu ebuhlungu yesisu. Ukwazi ezi mpawu kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni unyango olukhawulezileyo ukuba luyimfuneko.

I-Fetoscopy: Inkqubo yeNyathelo ngeNyathelo

I-Fetoscopy yinkqubo encinci yokuhlasela ebandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi. Nalu uhlaziyo lwento eyenzekayo phambi, ngexesha, nasemva kwenkqubo:

• Ngaphambi kweNkqubo:
  • Izigulana zifika kwiziko lezonyango kwaye zingene.
  • Baya kuthathwa kwindawo yangaphambi kwenkqubo apho banokutshintsha ibe yingubo yesibhedlele.
  • Umgca we-intravenous (IV) unokuqaliswa ukuze unike ulwelo okanye amayeza njengoko kufuneka.
  • Iqela lezempilo liya kuphonononga imbali yonyango yesigulane kwaye liqinisekise iinkcukacha zenkqubo.
• Ngexesha leNkqubo:
  • Isigulana sibekwe kakuhle, ngokuqhelekileyo silala ngomqolo.
  • Isisu siyacocwa kwaye sivalwe iintsholongwane ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokosuleleka.
  • I-anesthesia yendawo inokulawulwa ukuze idibanise indawo apho i-fetoscope iya kufakwa khona.
  • I-incision encinci yenziwa kwisisu, kwaye i-fetoscope, ityhubhu encinci enekhamera kunye nokukhanya, ifakwe ngokucophelela kwisibeleko.
  • Umboneleli wezempilo uya kuyibona ngeso lengqondo i-fetus kunye nezakhiwo ezijikelezileyo kwimonitha. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, banokwenza ungenelelo, njengokuthatha iisampulu zethishu okanye ukunyanga iimeko ezithile.
  • Inkqubo idla ngokuhlala phakathi kwemizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwiyure, kuxhomekeke kubunzima betyala.
• Emva kweNkqubo:
  • Emva kokuba inkqubo igqityiwe, i-fetoscope iyasuswa, kwaye i-incision ivalwe nge-sutures okanye i-adhesive strips.
  • Izigulane zibekwe esweni kwindawo yokubuyisela ixesha elifutshane ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba akukho zingxaki ngokukhawuleza.
  • Emva kokubekwa esweni, izigulana zihlala zivunyelwa ukuba zigoduke kwangolo suku lunye, kodwa kufuneka zibe nomntu oziqhubayo.
  • Izigulane ziya kufumana imiyalelo emva kwenkqubo, kubandakanywa nendlela yokunyamekela indawo yokuqhawula kunye neziphi iimpawu zokujonga.

Imingcipheko kunye neengxaki ze-Fetoscopy

Nangona i-fetoscopy ngokuqhelekileyo ithathwa njengekhuselekile, njengayo nayiphi na inkqubo yonyango, ithwala ingozi. Ukuqonda le mingcipheko kunokunceda izigulane zenze izigqibo ezinolwazi. Nazi zombini iingozi eziqhelekileyo kunye nezinqabileyo ezinxulumene ne-fetoscopy:

• Imingcipheko eqhelekileyo:
  • Ukuhlamba: Okunye ukopha kunokuthi kwenzeke kwindawo yokusikwa okanye ukusuka kwisibeleko. Ngelixa ukopha okuncinci kuqhelekile, ukopha okukhulu kunokufuna ukuvavanywa ngakumbi.
  • Usulelo: Kukho umngcipheko wosulelo kwindawo yokusikwa okanye ngaphakathi kwesibeleko. Izigulana zihlala zijongwa ngeempawu zosulelo, ezinjengomkhuhlane okanye ukukhutshwa okungaqhelekanga.
  • Umsebenzi Wangaphambili: I-Fetoscopy ngamanye amaxesha inokubangela ukuqhawuka, okukhokelela ekubelekeni kwangaphambi kwexesha. Izigulane kufuneka zizazi iimpawu zokubeleka kwaye zichaze naziphi na iimpawu ngokukhawuleza.
  • Utshintsho kwiNtliziyo yeNtliziyo yomntwana: Utshintsho lwexeshana kwisantya sentliziyo yomntwana lunokwenzeka ngexesha lenkqubo. Ababoneleli ngezempilo bajonga usana olungekazalwa ngokusondeleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba lusempilweni.
• Imingcipheko enqabileyo:
  • Ukwenzakala kwesibeleko: Nangona kunqabile, kukho ithuba lokulimala kwisibeleko okanye kwizitho ezijikelezileyo ngexesha lenkqubo. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinokufuna ukungenelela ngotyando.
  • Ukuvuza kwe-Amniotic Fluid: I-Fetoscopy ngamanye amaxesha inokubangela ukuvuza kwe-amniotic fluid, nto leyo inokukhokelela kwiingxaki kwi-fetus.
  • Ukuphunyelwa sisisu: Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo kakhulu, i-fetoscopy inokunyusa umngcipheko wokuphuphuma kwesisu, ngakumbi ukuba kuvela iingxaki ngexesha lenkqubo.
  • Iingxaki ze-Anesthesia: Nangona i-anesthesia yendawo ikhuselekile ngokubanzi, kukho umngcipheko omncinci wokusabela kakubi kwi-anesthesia.

I-Fetoscopy sisixhobo esibalulekileyo ekunakekelweni kwangaphambi kokubeletha, okuvumela ukubonwa ngokuthe ngqo kunye nokungenelela xa kuyimfuneko. Ukuqonda ukuchasana, amanyathelo okulungiselela, iinkcukacha zenkqubo, kunye neengozi ezinokuthi zixhobise izigulane ukuba zenze izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nokunyamekela kwazo. Soloko udibana nomboneleli wezempilo ukuze ufumane iingcebiso zomntu kunye nesikhokelo malunga ne-fetoscopy kunye nayo nayiphi na inkxalabo enxulumene nokukhulelwa. Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuziva uxhalabile ngaphambi kwe-fetoscopy. Iqela lakho lezempilo likhona ukuze likuxhase.

Ukubuyisela emva kwe-Fetoscopy

Emva kokwenza i-fetoscopy, izigulane zinokulindela ixesha lokubuyisela elihluka ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zomntu kunye nobunzima benkqubo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ixesha lokuqala lokubuyisela lihlala malunga neveki enye ukuya kwiiveki ezimbini. Ngeli xesha, izigulana zinokufumana ukungakhululeki okuncinci, ukukrazula, okanye ukubona, okuqhelekileyo.

Iingcebiso zoLondolozo lwasemva:

• Ukuphumla: Kubalulekile ukuphumla ngokwaneleyo emva kwenkqubo. Gwema imisebenzi enzima kunye nokuphakamisa ubunzima ubuncinane ngeveki.
• Hydration: Sela amanzi amaninzi ukuze uhlale u-hydrated, onokunceda kwinkqubo yokuphilisa.
• Ulawulo lweentlungu: I-over-the-counter pain relievers, njengoko inconywa ngumboneleli wakho wezempilo, inokunceda ukulawula nayiphi na into engathandekiyo.
• IiMpawu zokuHlola: Gcina iliso kuzo naziphi na iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga ezifana neentlungu ezinzima, ukopha okukhulu, okanye umkhuhlane, kwaye uqhagamshelane nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba ezi ziyenzeka.
• Ukuqeshwa kolandelo: Yiya kuzo zonke iindibano zokulandelela ezicwangcisiweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuphiliswa okufanelekileyo kunye nokubeka iliso kwimpilo kamama kunye nosana olungekazalwa.

Ukuqalisa kwakhona Imisebenzi Eqhelekileyo:

Uninzi lwezigulana zinokubuyela kwimisebenzi elula kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, kodwa kuyacetyiswa ukuba ulinde ubuncinci iiveki ezimbini ngaphambi kokuba uqalise imisebenzi eyomeleleyo okanye umthambo. Soloko udibana nomboneleli wakho wezempilo malunga neengcebiso ezenzelwe wena ngokusekelwe kwinkqubela yakho yokubuyisela.

Iinzuzo ze-Fetoscopy

I-Fetoscopy ibonelela ngeendlela ezininzi zokuphucula impilo kunye neziphumo zomgangatho wobomi kumama kunye nosana. Nazi ezinye zezibonelelo eziphambili:

• Ukuxilongwa Kwangoko: I-Fetoscopy yenza ukuba kubonwe kwangethuba kunye nokunyangwa kwangethuba kweemeko ze-fetus, ukuphucula iziphumo.
• Ungenelelo oluncinci: Njengenkqubo ehlasela kancinci, i-fetoscopy ikhokelela kwiintlungu ezincinci kunye nokuchacha ngokukhawuleza xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zotyando lwesintu.
• Unyango oluthe ngqo: Ukukwazi ukwenza ungenelelo oluthe ngqo, olufana nonyango lwe-laser kwiimeko ezifana ne-twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, kunokuphucula kakhulu impilo yomntwana.
• Ukwenziwa kwezigqibo ezinolwazi: Ngokubonelela ngemifanekiso ecacileyo kunye nolwazi malunga nomntwana ongekazalwa, i-fetoscopy inceda abazali ukuba benze izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nokukhulelwa kwabo kunye nonyango olunokubakho.
• UkuNciphisa Ukuxhalaba: Ukwazi ukuba imiba enokuthi iqwalaselwe kwangethuba inokunciphisa ixhala kubazali abalindelekileyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni babe namava angakumbi okukhulelwa.

Lithini Iindleko zeFetoscopy eIndiya?

I-avareji yeendleko ze-fetoscopy e-Indiya ukusuka kwi- ₹1,00,000 ukuya kwi- ₹2,50,000. Ziliqela izinto eziphembelela eli xabiso, kuquka:

• Isibhedlele: Isidima kunye nezibonelelo zesibhedlele zinokuchaphazela kakhulu amaxabiso. Izibhedlele ezaziwayo ezifana nezibhedlele zeApollo zibonelela ngetekhnoloji ephezulu kunye neengcali ezinamava.
• Indawo: Iindleko zinokwahluka ngokwesixeko okanye ummandla, kunye nemimandla yemetropolitan idla ngokubiza kakhulu.
• Uhlobo lwegumbi: Ukukhethwa kwegumbi (labucala, elabucala, okanye eliqhelekileyo) nako kunokuchaphazela ixabiso elipheleleyo.
• Iingxaki: Ukuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki ezivela ngexesha lenkqubo, iindleko ezongezelelweyo zingenziwa.

Ezinye izibhedlele, ezifana nezibhedlele ze-Apollo, zibonelela ngeenkonzo zonyango ezikhethekileyo ze-fetal kunye neengcali ezinamava, ziqinisekisa ukhathalelo oluphezulu ngamaxabiso akhuphisanayo xa kuthelekiswa namazwe aseNtshona, apho iindleko zinokuthi ziphakame kakhulu. Ukufumana amaxabiso achanekileyo kunye nokhetho lokhathalelo lomntu, siyakukhuthaza ukuba uqhagamshelane neApollo Hospitals ngokuthe ngqo.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo malunga neFetoscopy

isiphelo

I-Fetoscopy yinkqubo ebalulekileyo enokuthi ichaphazele kakhulu impilo kunye nentlalontle yomama kunye nomntwana. Ngokukwazi kwayo ukuxilonga kunye nokunyanga iimeko zomntwana ongekazalwa kwangethuba, inika ithemba kunye nesiqinisekiso kubazali abakhulelweyo. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo malunga ne-fetoscopy, siyakukhuthaza ukuba uthethe nogqirha onokukunika isikhokelo nenkxaso eyeyakho.