I-Quinine - Ukusetyenziswa, Idosi, Iziphumo Ezingalindelekanga kunye nokunye

Intshayelelo: Yintoni iQuinine?

I-Quinine yikhemikhali yendalo ephuma kwixolo lomthi we-cinchona, eyavela kwixolo lomthi we-cinchona, ovela kummandla we-Andes eMzantsi Melika. Ngokwembali, ibisetyenziswa kangangeenkulungwane ukunyanga i-malaria, isifo esibangelwa zizinambuzane ezidluliselwa ngokulunywa yiingcongconi. I-Quinine ihlelwa njengeyeza lokulwa ne-malaria kwaye ikwasetyenziswa ngenxa yeempawu zayo zokuthomalalisa iintlungu kunye nokulwa ne-pyretic. Nangona ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuye kwehla ngokufika konyango olusebenzayo ngakumbi, i-quinine isalukhetho olubalulekileyo kwiimeko ezithile ze-malaria kunye nezinye iimeko.

Ukusetyenziswa kweQuinine

I-quinine ivunyiwe kakhulu kunyango lwe:

• Isifo seengcongconi: I-quinine iyasebenza kwiPlasmodium falciparum, i-parasite eyingozi kakhulu yemalariya. Idla ngokusetyenziswa kunye nezinye iziyobisi zokulwa nemalariya.
• Ukuqaqamba Kwemilenze Ebusuku: I-Quinine yayisetyenziswa ngaphambili ngaphandle kwelebheli kwiintlungu zemilenze zasebusuku, kodwa ayisavunywa yi-FDA kule nkcazo (yasuswa ngo-2006). Izikhokelo eziphambili, kuquka i-WHO kunye ne-Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), ziyayichasa kakhulu indlela esetyenziswa ngayo ngenxa yemingcipheko (umz., ukwandiswa kwe-QT, i-thrombocytopenia) ngaphezu kweenzuzo ezincinci.

Ingaba isebenza kanjani?

I-Quinine isebenza ngokuphazamisa ukukhula nokuzala kweeparasite zemalaria egazini. Iphazamisa amandla eparasite okugaya i-hemoglobin, iproteni ekwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ngokwenza njalo, i-quinine ithintela iiparasite ukuba zingaphindaphindeki, ivumela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ukuba izisuse. Ngamafutshane, i-quinine inceda ekuthinteleni iiparasite zemalaria ukuba zingaphumi egazini lakho.

Isisombululo kunye noLawulo

Umlinganiselo we-quinine unokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko enyangwayo:

• NgeMalariya: Idosi eqhelekileyo yabantu abadala idla ngokuba yi-600 mg kathathu ngemini (rhoqo emva kweeyure ezisi-8) kangangeentsuku ezi-3-7, rhoqo nge-doxycycline okanye i-clindamycin ngokwezikhokelo ze-WHO. Idosi yabantwana yi-10 mg/kg/dosi rhoqo emva kweeyure ezisi-8.
• Kwiintlungu zeMigca zasebusuku: Umlinganiselo udla ngokuba sezantsi, udla ngokuba malunga ne-200 mg ngexesha lokulala, kodwa oku kusetyenziswa kufuneka kuxoxwe ngako nomboneleli wezempilo.

I-quinine inganikwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kuquka iipilisi zomlomo kunye neenaliti ezifakwa emithanjeni, kuxhomekeke kubunzima bemeko kunye neemfuno zesigulana.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zeQuinine

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ze-quinine zingabandakanya:

• Isihlunu kunye nokuhlanza
• Uhudo
• Utywala
• I-tinnitus (ukukhala ezindlebeni)
• intloko ebuhlungu

Iziphumo ezibi kakhulu zinokubandakanya:

• I-Cinchonism (isifo se-quinine toxicity esibangela i-tinnitus enzima, i-vertigo, ukulahleka kokuva, kunye nokuphazamiseka kokubona)
• Ukwaliwa (irhashalala, ukurhawuzelelwa, ukudumba)
• I-hypoglycemia enzima (iswekile ephantsi egazini)
• Ukwandiswa kwe-QT kunye nokuphazamiseka kwentliziyo (ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga)
• I-Hemolytic anemia (ukutshatyalaliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi)

Izigulana kufuneka zifune unyango olukhawulezileyo ukuba zifumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu.

Ukusebenzisana kweziyobisi

I-Quinine inokusebenzisana namayeza amaninzi, kuquka:

• Iintsholongwane: I-quinine inokunyusa imiphumo yemithi yokunciphisa igazi efana ne-warfarin, nto leyo eyonyusa umngcipheko wokopha.
• Ukuxhatshazwa: Ii-SSRI/SNRIs (umz., i-fluoxetine) kunye nee-TCA zonyusa ukwandiswa kwe-QT kunye neengozi zemiphumo emibi.
• I-Antimalarials: Ukudibanisa nezinye iziyobisi zokulwa nemalariya kufuna ukujongwa ukuze kuthintelwe ubuthi.
• Izithinteli ze-CYP3A4: Amayeza afana ne-ketoconazole anyusa amanqanaba e-quinine, nto leyo enyusa umngcipheko wetyhefu.

Soloko wazisa umboneleli wakho wezempilo malunga nawo onke amayeza owasebenzisayo ukuze uphephe ukudibana okunokwenzeka.

Iinzuzo zeQuineni

I-Quinine ineenzuzo ezininzi zonyango:

• Ukusebenza kakuhle kwiMalariya: Isebenza kakuhle kakhulu ekunyangeni iimeko ezinzima zemalariya, ingakumbi xa ezinye iindlela zonyango zingaphumeleli.
• Isenzo esiKhawulezayo: I-quinine inokunciphisa umkhuhlane ngokukhawuleza kwaye inciphise iimpawu ezinxulumene ne-malaria.
• Ukubaluleka kwezembali: I-quinine inembali ende yokusetyenziswa, inika ukhetho oluthembekileyo lokunyanga i-malaria kwiindawo apho kukho ukuxhathisa kwamanye amayeza.

Izimo zokungahambelani neQuinine

Abantu abathile kufuneka baphephe ukusebenzisa i-quinine, kuquka:

• Abasetyhini abakhulelweyo: Kuphephe xa ukhulelwe (Udidi C/D; olunxulunyaniswa nokukhubazeka kosana olusandul’ ukuzalwa okufana ne-cinchonism kunye nokungaziva, ngokwe-WHO).
• Abantu abaneSifo Sesibindi: I-quinine iyagaywa esibindini, kwaye abo baneengxaki zesibindi banokufumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezingakumbi.
• Iintshukumo Zokwalana Nezinto: Nabani na onolwazi lokunganyamezelani ne-quinine okanye izinto ezinxulumene nayo akufuneki athathe eli yeza.
• I-Myasthenia Gravis, i-Optic Neuritis, ukunqongophala kwe-G6PD: Umngcipheko wokuba mandundu okanye i-hemolysis.

Izilumkiso kunye nezilumkiso

Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-quinine, izigulane kufuneka ziqwalasele oku kulandelayo:

• Imbali yoNyango: Yazisa ugqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na imbali yeengxaki zentliziyo, isifo sesibindi, okanye iingxaki zegazi.
• Ukubeka iliso rhoqo: Izigulana ezisebenzisa i-quinine zinokufuna uvavanyo lwegazi rhoqo ukuze zijonge iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ingakumbi ukuba zisetyenziswa ixesha elide.
• Kulumkele Utywala: Utywala bunokwandisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kwaye kufuneka buphetshwe ngexesha lonyango.
• Amanyathelo okhuseleko kwi-QT Interval: Kuphepheke kwizigulane ezinexesha elide le-QT okanye ezisebenzisa amayeza okwandisa i-QT; kucetyiswa ukuba zibekwe esweni yi-ECG.
• Ukubeka esweni okuthe ngqo eIndiya: Jonga umkhuhlane we-blackwater kwiimeko ze-malaria ye-falciparum.

FAQs

• Isetyenziselwa ntoni i-quinine? I-quinine isetyenziswa kakhulu ukunyanga i-malaria, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, ukuqaqamba kwemilenze ebusuku.
• Ithathwa njani i-quinine? I-quinine ingathathwa ngomlomo kwifomu yepilisi okanye inikwe ngenaliti, kuxhomekeke kwimeko.
• Zeziphi iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zequinine? Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo ziquka isicaphucaphu, isiyezi, kunye ne-tinnitus. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinobungozi zinokubandakanya ii-allergy kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga.
• Ndingathatha i-quinine ukuba ndikhulelwe? Hayi, i-quinine ayivumelekanga xa ukhulelwe ngenxa yemingcipheko yokungcoliswa kwesisu kunye nokukhubazeka (izikhokelo ze-WHO).
• Isebenza njani i-quinine? I-quinine iphazamisa ukukhula kweentsholongwane ze-malaria egazini, ithintela ukuba zingaphindaphindani.
• Ngaba kukho naluphi na unxibelelwano phakathi kweziyobisi ne-quinine? Ewe, i-quinine inokusebenzisana ne-anticoagulants kunye nezinye ii-antidepressants, nto leyo eyonyusa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
• Ndingenza ntoni ukuba ndiphoswa yidosi ye-quinine? Thatha idosi oyiphosileyo ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba ukhumbule kodwa ungayisebenzisi ukuba sele kuza kufuneka uthathe idosi yakho elandelayo. Musa ukuyiphinda kabini. Nxibelelana nomboneleli wezonyango lwemalariya, kuba ukungayisebenzisi idosi kunokubangela ukuba umntu angasakwazi ukuyinyamezela.
• Ingaba i-quinine ikhuselekile ebantwaneni? I-quinine ingasetyenziswa ebantwaneni, kodwa imilinganiselo kufuneka ibalwe ngokusekelwe kubunzima.
• Ngaba ndingakwazi ukusela utywala ngelixa ndisebenzisa i-quinine? Kucetyiswa ukuphepha utywala, njengoko kunokunyusa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
• Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba i-quinine isebenze? Ukunciphisa umkhuhlane kwenzeka kwiiyure ezingama-24-48; ukususwa kwezinambuzane kungathatha iintsuku ezi-3-7.

Amagama eBrand

I-Quinine ifumaneka phantsi kwamagama eempawu ezahlukeneyo, kuquka:

• I-Qualaquin
• I-Quinine Sulfate
• IQuinamm

isiphelo

I-Quinine iseyeyona mithi ibalulekileyo ekulweni nemalariya kwaye inika iingenelo kwezinye iimeko ezithile. Nangona inembali ende yokusetyenziswa, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele iziphumo zayo ezingalindelekanga, ukusebenzisana kwamayeza, kunye nokungahambelani nayo. Soloko unxibelelana nomboneleli wezempilo ngaphambi kokuba uqalise naliphi na iyeza elitsha ukuqinisekisa ukuba lifanelekile kwiimfuno zakho zempilo.