I-Pretomanid - Ukusetyenziswa, Idosi, Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga nokunye

I-Pretomanid liyeza elitsha le-antibiotic elenzelwe ngokukodwa ukunyanga isifo sephepha esinganyangekiyo ngamayeza amaninzi (MDR-TB). Laphuhliswa njengenxalenye yonyango oludibeneyo lokulwa nolu hlobo lwesifo sephepha olunzima noluhlala lunzima ukunyanga. I-Pretomanid yinxalenye yodidi olutsha lwamayeza ajolise kwiibhaktheriya ezibangela isifo sephepha, inika ithemba kwizigulana ezineendlela ezimbalwa zonyango ngenxa yokunganyangeki kumayeza e-TB aqhelekileyo.

I-Pretomanid yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yerejimeni ye-BPaL evunyiweyo yi-World Health Organisation, edibanisa i-Bedaquiline, i-Pretomanid, kunye ne-Linezolid ukunyanga i-TB engamelaniyo namayeza (XDR-TB) kunye ne-TB engamelaniyo namayeza amaninzi (MDR-TB) enganyamezelaniyo nonyango okanye engaphenduliyo. Le rejimeni yamkelwe yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ngo-2019 kwaye icebiswa ziingcali zempilo zehlabathi njengonyango oluqhelekileyo kwezi ntlobo ze-TB ezinzima ukunyanga.

Ukusetyenziswa kwePretomanid

I-Pretomanid ivunyiwe ukuba isetyenziswe kunye namanye amayeza okunyanga abantu abadala abane-MDR-TB yemiphunga. Ihlala isetyenziswa kunye ne-bedaquiline kunye ne-linezolid, okwenza irejimeni ebonakalise ukusebenza kakuhle kwiimvavanyo zeklinikhi. Olu nyango ludibeneyo lubalulekile kwizigulana ezingakhange ziphendule kunyango lwe-TB oluqhelekileyo, nto leyo ebonelela ngendlela entsha yokulawula esi sifo sisongela ubomi.

I-Pretomanid ivunyiwe ukuba isetyenziswe kuphela njengenxalenye yonyango oludibeneyo ngenxa yomngcipheko wokuxhathisa ukuba isetyenziswe yodwa. Iboniswa ikakhulu kubantu abadala abane-MDR-TB yemiphunga okanye i-XDR-TB njengenxalenye yeendlela ezidibeneyo ezifana ne-BPaL.

Isebenza njani iPretomanid

I-Pretomanid isebenza ngokuthintela ukukhula kweMycobacterium tuberculosis, iibhaktheriya ezibangela isifo sephepha. I-Pretomanid iyayithintela intsholongwane yeTB ekwenzeni amandla nokwakha iqokobhe layo langaphandle elikhuselayo, elibalulekileyo ukuze iphile. Ngokuphazamisa ezi nkqubo, i-Pretomanid iyayibulala ngempumelelo intsholongwane, inceda ekususeni usulelo emzimbeni. Le ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu ekunyangeni iintlobo ze-TB ezinganyangekiyo ngamayeza, ezikunzima ukuzisusa.

Isisombululo kunye noLawulo

Idosi eqhelekileyo yePretomanid kubantu abadala idla ngokuba yi-200 mg ethathwa ngomlomo kanye ngemini kangangeeveki ezingama-26, njengenxalenye yonyango oludibeneyo. IPretomanid ivunyiwe kakhulu ukuba isetyenziswe ngabantu abadala. Ukusetyenziswa kwabantwana okwangoku akuchanekanga okanye akukhange kuhlolwe, kwaye idosi yabantwana kufuneka imiselwe ngononophelo ngababoneleli bezempilo ngokusekelwe kubunzima kunye neemfuno zonyango. Kubalulekile ukulandela isikhokelo somboneleli wezempilo. IPretomanid ifumaneka kwifom yethebhulethi, okwenza kube lula ukuyisebenzisa. Izigulana kufuneka zithathe amayeza ngexesha elifanayo yonke imihla ukuze zigcine amanqanaba alinganayo egazini.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zePretomanid

Njengazo zonke iziyobisi, iPretomanid inokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• I sizathu
• Ukukhathala
• intloko ebuhlungu
• Uhudo
• ugwayi

Iziphumo ezibi kakhulu zinokubandakanya:

• Iingxaki zesibindi (i-enzymes yesibindi ephakamileyo)
• I-peripheral neuropathy (ukuba ndindisholo okanye ukuntlitheka kwezandla neenyawo)
• Umbono utshintsha
• Ukwaliwa kakhulu

Izigulana kufuneka zixele naziphi na iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga kumboneleli wabo wezempilo ngokukhawuleza.

Iziphumo ezininzi ebezingalindelekanga ezibonwa ngexesha lonyango lwePretomanid zivela kumayeza ahamba kunye nerejimeni, ingakumbi iLinezolid, enxulunyaniswa ne-peripheral neuropathy kunye nobuthi besibindi. Ukubeka esweni rhoqo ezi ziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kubalulekile kulo lonke unyango.

Ukusebenzisana kweziyobisi

I-Pretomanid inokusebenzisana namayeza aliqela, nto leyo enokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwayo okanye yonyuse umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Unxibelelwano olukhulu lwamayeza luquka:

• Amayeza okulwa nentsholongwane kaGawulayo (asetyenziselwa unyango lwe-HIV)
• Ezinye ii-anticonvulsants (ezisetyenziselwa iingxaki zokuxhuzula)
• Amayeza achaphazela ii-enzymes zesibindi (ezifana ne-rifampin)

I-Pretomanid inyibilikiswa esibindini ikakhulu ngokusebenzisa ii-enzymes ze-cytochrome P450. I-Rifampin, ekhuthaza kakhulu ezi enzymes, yehlisa kakhulu amanqanaba egazi le-Pretomanid, inciphisa ukusebenza kwayo, kwaye ke ngoko ayivumelekanga xa idibene.

Kubalulekile ukuba izigulana zazise umboneleli wazo wezempilo malunga nawo onke amayeza, izongezo, kunye neemveliso zamayeza ezizithathayo ukunqanda ukusebenzisana okunokwenzeka.

Iinzuzo ze-Pretomanid

Inzuzo ephambili yePretomanid kukusebenza kwayo kakuhle ekunyangeni isifo sephepha esinganyangekiyo ngamayeza amaninzi, imeko ebeka umngcipheko omkhulu kwimpilo kwaye ineendlela ezimbalwa zonyango. Unyango oludibeneyo olubandakanya iPretomanid lubonise iziphumo ezithembisayo kwizilingo zeklinikhi, nto leyo ekhokelela kumazinga aphezulu okunyanga kunye neziphumo eziphuculweyo zezigulane. Ukongeza, ukunikwa kwePretomanid ngomlomo kwenza kube lula ngakumbi kwizigulana xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokufaka inaliti.

Izimo zokungahambelani nePretomanid

Abantu abathile kufuneka baphephe ukusebenzisa iPretomanid. Izithintelo ziquka:

• Ukukhulelwa: I-Pretomanid ayivumelekanga ngexesha lokukhulelwa ngenxa yeengozi ezinokubakho kwimveku esakhulayo, njengoko kubonisiwe kwizifundo zangaphambi kokufumana umntwana. Abafazi abakwiminyaka yokuzala kufuneka basebenzise ukuthintela ukukhulelwa okusebenzayo ngexesha lonyango nangexesha elicetyiswayo emva koko.
• Isifo esibi kakhulu sesibindi: Izigulane ezinengxaki enkulu yesibindi zisenokungayityibilikisi iPretomanid ngokufanelekileyo, nto leyo eyonyusa umngcipheko wokuba yingozi.

Izigulana kufuneka zixoxe ngembali yazo yezonyango nomboneleli wezempilo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba iPretomanid ifanelekile na kuzo.

Izilumkiso kunye nezilumkiso

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale iPretomanid, izigulana kufuneka zenze uvavanyo oluthile lwelabhoratri ukuze kuvavanywe ukusebenza kwesibindi, njengoko impilo yesibindi ibalulekile ekusebenziseni ngokukhuselekileyo eli yeza. Ukongeza, izigulana kufuneka zijongwe iimpawu ze-peripheral neuropathy kunye nobuthi besibindi kulo lonke unyango lwazo. Kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo yomboneleli wezempilo ngokusondeleyo kwaye ulandele zonke ii-aphoyintimenti zokulandelela ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko lonyango.

FAQs

• Isetyenziselwa ntoni iPretomanid? I-Pretomanid isetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifo sephepha esinganyangekiyo ngamayeza amaninzi (MDR-TB) kunye namanye amayeza.
• Ndingayithatha njani iPretomanid? Sela iPretomanid ngomlomo, ngesiqhelo i-200 mg kanye ngemini, njengoko kuyalelwe ngumboneleli wakho wezempilo.
• Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo zePretomanid? Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo ziquka isicaphucaphu, ukudinwa, intloko ebuhlungu, urhudo, nokungalali.
• Ndingathatha iPretomanid ukuba ndikhulelwe? Abafazi abakhulelweyo kufuneka bayiphephe iPretomanid ngenxa yeengozi ezinokubakho kumntwana ongekazalwa.
• Ndingenza ntoni xa ndiphosa ithamo? Ukuba uphose ithamo, yithathe ngokukhawuleza xa ukhumbula. Ukuba kusondele ixesha ledosi yakho elandelayo, tsiba idosi oyiphosileyo kwaye uqhubeke neshedyuli yakho yesiqhelo.
• Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu ekufuneka ndizijonge? Ewe, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinzulu ziquka iingxaki zesibindi, i-peripheral neuropathy, kunye neempendulo eziqatha ze-allergy. Nxibelelana nogqirha wakho ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga.
• Ngaba iPretomanid ingadibana namanye amayeza? Ewe, iPretomanid inokusebenzisana namayeza athile, kuquka ii-antiretrovirals kunye nee-anticonvulsants. Soloko wazisa ugqirha wakho ngawo onke amayeza owasebenzisayo.
• Kuza kufuneka ndithathe iPretomanid ixesha elingakanani? Unyango luhlala iiveki ezingama-26, kodwa umboneleli wakho wezempilo uya kugqiba ixesha elichanekileyo ngokusekelwe kwimeko yakho.
• Ngaba iPretomanid ikhuselekile ebantwaneni? Idosi yabantwana ingahluka, kwaye kubalulekile ukubonisana nomboneleli wezempilo ukuze ufumane isikhokelo esifanelekileyo.
• Kufuneka ndenze ntoni xa ndifumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga? Xela nayiphi na imiphumo emibi kumboneleli wakho wezempilo ngoko nangoko, ingakumbi ukuba inzima okanye iyakhathaza.

Amagama eBrand

I-Pretomanid ithengiswa phantsi kwegama lophawu elithi "Pretomanid" kwaye idla ngokubandakanywa kunyango oludibeneyo lonyango lwesifo sephepha.

isiphelo

I-Pretomanid imele inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo kunyango lwesifo sephepha esinganyangekiyo ngamayeza amaninzi, inika ithemba kwizigulana ezineendlela ezimbalwa zokwenza. Indlela yayo yokusebenza eyahlukileyo, kunye nokusebenza kwayo kwiimvavanyo zeklinikhi, iyenza ibe sisixhobo esibalulekileyo ekulweni nesifo sephepha. Nangona kunjalo, njengakweminye imithi, kubalulekile ukuba izigulana zisebenzisane ngokusondeleyo nababoneleli bezempilo babo ukuqinisekisa unyango olukhuselekileyo nolusebenzayo.