Iimvavanyo zokuSebenza kwesibindi-iNjongo, uToliko lweZiphumo, uHlelo oluQhelekileyo, kunye nokunye

Iimvavanyo zokuSebenza kwesibindi (LFTs)

Iimvavanyo zokuSebenza kwesibindi (LFTs) liqela lovavanyo lwegazi elenzelwe ukuvavanya impilo yonke kunye nokusebenza kwesibindi. Ezi mvavanyo zilinganisa ii-enzymes ezithile, iiproteni, kunye nezinye izinto ezisegazini ukuze zibone ukungahambi kakuhle kwesibindi, zibeke iliso kwiimeko zesibindi ezikhoyo, kwaye zivavanye ukuba isibindi siyenza kakuhle kangakanani na indima yaso ebalulekileyo.

Isibindi, ilungu elibalulekileyo, senza imisebenzi engaphezulu kwama-500 ebalulekileyo, kubandakanywa ukukhupha izinto ezinobungozi, ukuvelisa i-bile yokugaya, ukuchithwa kwamafutha kunye ne-carbohydrates, kunye nokugcina izondlo ezibalulekileyo. Ngenxa yendima yayo ebalulekileyo, nakuphi na ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwesibindi kunokukhokelela kwimicimbi ebalulekileyo yezempilo, okwenza iiLFT zibe sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokuxilongwa kwangaphambili kunye nokulawulwa kweemeko zesibindi.

Ukujongwa rhoqo kokusebenza kwesibindi kubaluleke ngakumbi kubantu abanomngcipheko njengokusela kakhulu utywala, ukutyeba ngokugqithiseleyo, okanye iimeko ezingapheliyo ezifana ne-hepatitis. Olu vavanyo luhlala lubandakanyiwe kuhlolo lwezempilo lothintelo okanye lusetyenziselwa ukukhokela unyango lwezifo ezinxulumene nesibindi.

Yintoni iiLFT?

Ifomu epheleleyo ye-LFTs yi-Liver Function Tests, uchungechunge lweemvavanyo zokuxilonga ezinceda ukuvavanya iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zempilo yesibindi. Olu vavanyo aluphelelanga nje ekuxilongeni isifo sesibindi okanye umonakalo kodwa ikwadlala indima ekubekeni iliso kwinkqubela phambili yonyango kunye nokumisela isakhono sesibindi sokubuyela ekonakaleni.

IiLFT zidla ngokusetyenziselwa uku:

• Ukuchonga ukuvuvukala okanye umonakalo kwizicubu zesibindi.
• Ukufumanisa iimeko ezingapheliyo ezifana hepatitis, Cirrhosis, okanye isifo sesibindi esinamafutha.
• Uncedo ekuxilongeni ezinye iimeko ezifana amatye enyongo.
• Ukubeka iliso ekukwazini kwesibindi ukuvelisa iiprotheyini ezibalulekileyo kunye nokusetyenzwa kwenkunkuma.
• Khangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwesibindi okubangelwa butywala, amayeza, okanye ityhefu.

Ulwazi olufunyenwe kwii-LFT luhlala luncediswa ngezifundo zokucinga, ezifana ne-ultrasounds okanye i-MRIs, ukuqonda ngokubanzi impilo yesibindi.

Zenziwa nini iiMvavanyo zokuSebenza kwesibindi?

IiLFT ziyacetyiswa kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• Njengenxalenye yoHlolo loThintelo lweMpilo: Uvavanyo lwezempilo lwesiqhelo luhlala lubandakanya iiLFT, ngakumbi kubantu abaphila ubomi obusemngciphekweni njengokutya okungalunganga, ukungazilolongi, okanye ukuchanabeka kwityhefu.
• Ukuxilongwa kweeMeko zeSibindi: Ukubhaqa hepatitis, Isifo sesibindi esinamafutha , isifo se-cirrhosis, okanye bile bile Izithintelo.
• Ukubeka iliso kwiiMeko eziNgapheliyo: Izigulane ezifunyanwe zizifo zesibindi ezifana ne-hepatitis B, i-hepatitis C, okanye i-cirrhosis inokufuna ii-LFT eziqhelekileyo zokulandelela ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo kunye nempumelelo yonyango.
• Xa Ufumana Iimpawu ezinxulumene Nesibindi: Iimpawu ezinokuthi zibangele iiLFT ziquka:
  • engapheliyo ukukhathala kunye nobuthathaka.
  • Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla kunye nokulahlekelwa ubunzima obungachazwanga.
  • Intlungu zesisu okanye ukudumba, ngakumbi kwiquadrant ephezulu ngasekunene.
  • Jaundice, ebonakala ngokuba phuzi kwesikhumba okanye amehlo.
  • Umchamo omnyama okanye izitulo eziludongwe eziludongwe.
  • Ukurhawuzelelwa okungapheliyo okubangelwa kukufumba kwetyuwa yenyongo.
• UkuJonga amayeza: Amayeza athile, kubandakanywa i-antibiotics, i-painkillers, kunye ne-statins, inokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwesibindi. IiLFT zinceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba la machiza awenzi bungozi.
• UkuSetyenzisa Utywala Ngokugqithisileyo: Abasela kakhulu basemngciphekweni weemeko ezifana ne-alcohol hepatitis okanye i-cirrhosis, okwenza ukuba ii-LFT eziqhelekileyo zibaluleke.
• Abemi abasemngciphekweni omkhulu: Umntu ngamnye kunye iswekile, ukunyanya, okanye imbali yentsapho yesifo sesibindi ihlala icetyiswa ukuba iqhube ii-LFTs njengenxalenye yokunyamekela kwabo ngokuqhelekileyo.

Ukulungiselela iLFT

Ukulungiselela iLFT kuqondile kodwa kubalulekile kwiziphumo ezichanekileyo. Landela ezi zikhokelo:

• Ukuzila ukudla: Ezinye iimvavanyo zinokufuna ukuzila ukutya iiyure eziyi-8-12. Qinisekisa nomboneleli wakho wezempilo.
• Ukubhengezwa ngamayeza: Yazisa ugqirha wakho malunga nawo onke amayeza, i-over-the-counter, kunye namayeza eengcambu owathathayo, njengoko ezi zinokuchaphazela iziphumo.
• Hydration: Ukusela amanzi phambi kovavanyo kunokunciphisa inkqubo yokutsalwa kwegazi.

IiParameters eziphambili kwiiLFTs

Ii-LFT zibandakanya indibaniselwano yovavanyo lokuvavanya umsebenzi we-enzymatic, iprotein synthesis, kunye nokusetyenzwa kwenkunkuma ngesibindi. Nalu ucazululo lwezona parameters zixhaphakileyo:

• I-Alanine Transaminase (ALT/SGPT): ALT/I-SGPT yi-enzyme efumaneka ikakhulu esibindini. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-ALT egazini abonisa umonakalo weseli yesibindi, edla ngokuhambelana neemeko ezifana ne-hepatitis okanye isifo sesibindi esinamafutha.
• I-Aspartate Transaminase (AST): I-AST yenye i-enzyme efumaneka kwisibindi kunye nezihlunu. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-AST, ngakumbi xa edityaniswe namanqanaba aphezulu e-ALT, acebisa ukulimala kwesibindi okanye ukulimala kwemisipha.
• I-Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP): I-ALP inxulunyaniswe ne bile bile umsebenzi. Ukonyuka kwamanqanaba e-ALP kunokubonisa ukuvinjelwa kwe-bile duct, izifo zesibindi, okanye ukuphazamiseka kwamathambo.
• IBilirubin (Iyonke kunye neNgqo): Bilirubin sisibala esiveliswe ngexesha lokuqhekeka kwe iiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-bilirubin angakhokelela kwi-jaundice kwaye abonisa ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwesibindi okanye ukuvaleka kwemibhobho yenyongo.
• IAlbumin kunye neProtein iyonke: Iiprotheyini zibalulekile kwi-immunity kunye neminye imisebenzi. Amanqanaba aphantsi abonisa isifo esingapheliyo sesibindi.
• Ixesha leProthrombin (PT): I-PT ilinganisa i Ukujiya kwegazi isakhono. I-PT ende ingabonakalisa umonakalo omkhulu wesibindi okanye ukusilela kwizinto ezibambekayo eziveliswa sisibindi.
• I-Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT): I-GGT yi-enzyme esetyenziselwa ukuvavanya iingxaki ze-bile duct kunye izifo zesibindi ezinxulumene notywala.
• I-L-Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH): Amanqanaba aphakamileyo angabonisa umonakalo wesibindi.

Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lweeMvavanyo zokuSebenza kwesibindi

Nantsi itafile yereferensi ekhawulezayo yoluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwezitshixo zeeparamitha zeLFT:

 

uvavanyo	Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo
ALT/SGPT	7-55 U/L
AST	8-48 U/L
I-ALP	40-129 U/L
IBilirubin (Itotali)	0.1-1.2 mg / dL
IAlbumin	3.5-5.0 g/dL
Iyonke iProtheyini	6.3-7.9 g/dL
I-GGT	8-61 U/L
I-LDH	122-222 U/L
Ixesha leProthrombin (PT)	Imizuzwana ye-9.4-12.5

Lwenziwa njani uvavanyo lokuSebenza kwesibindi?

IiLFT zibandakanya uvavanyo lwegazi olulula. Nantsi into eyenzekayo ngexesha lenkqubo:

1. Ingcali yezempilo icoca indawo kwaye itsale isampuli yegazi kumthambo osengalo yakho.
2. Isampulu ithunyelwa elabhoratri ukuze ihlalutywe.
3. Iziphumo zidla ngokufumaneka kwiiyure ezingama-24-48.

Ukufumana iziphumo ezichanekileyo, ukuzila ukutya kwiiyure ze-8-12 ngaphambi kovavanyo kunokufuneka. Ngalo lonke ixesha ulandela imiyalelo yokulungiselela ugqirha, ngakumbi malunga namayeza kunye nezongezelelo.

Ukutolika iziphumo

Ukuqonda iziphumo ze-LFT kubandakanya ukujonga ukutenxa kuluhlu oluqhelekileyo. Nantsi into enokuboniswa amaxabiso angaqhelekanga:

• Unyuso lwe-ALT/AST: Ukudumba kwesibindi, i-hepatitis, okanye isifo sesibindi esinamafutha.
• I-ALP ephezulu: Umbhobho webhili okanye ukuphazamiseka kwamathambo.
• Ukonyuka kweBilirubin: I-Jaundice, isifo sesibindi, okanye ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba kwe-bile.
• I-albumin ephantsi: Isifo sesibindi esingapheliyo, ukungondleki, okanye iingxaki zezintso.
• Ixesha elide le-PT: Umonakalo omkhulu wesibindi okanye ukusilela kwi-clotting factor.

Ugqirha wakho uyakutolika ezi ziphumo ngokusekwe kwimbali yakho yonyango kunye neempawu, anokuyalela iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ukuba kukho izinto ezingaqhelekanga zifunyenwe.

Izinto ezinokuchaphazela iziphumo zeLFT

Izinto ezininzi zangaphandle zinokuchaphazela iziphumo zeLFT, kubandakanya:

• Ukusetyenziswa kotywala kutshanje.
• Umsebenzi onzima womzimba.
• Amayeza afana ne-antibiotics, i-painkillers, okanye izongezo zemifuno.
• Ukuzila ukutya okanye ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.

Yazisa umboneleli wakho wezempilo malunga naziphi na izinto ezinokuchaphazela iziphumo zakho.

Izibonelelo zoVavanyo lokuSebenza kwesibindi

IiLFT zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi:

• Ukufunyanwa Kwangethuba: Chonga iingxaki zesibindi phambi kokuba iimpawu zivele.
• Ukujongwa kwezifo: Landela ukuqhubela phambili kweemeko ezingapheliyo ezifana ne-hepatitis okanye i-cirrhosis.
• IsiKhokelo ngoNyango: Ukuvavanya ukusebenza konyango lwesifo sesibindi.
• Uthintelo lweMpilo: Ukuseka umsebenzi wesibindi osisiseko kubantu abasengozini enkulu.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Ziquka ntoni iiLFT?
Iimvavanyo zokuSebenza kwesibindi (LFTs) ziquka iiparitha ezahlukeneyo zokuvavanya impilo yesibindi, njenge-ALT / SGPT, AST, ALP, bilirubin, albumin, kunye nexesha leprothrombin (PT). Ezi mvavanyo zilinganisa amanqanaba e-enzymes kunye neeprotheni ezibonisa ukusebenza kwesibindi, ukuveliswa kwe-bile, kunye nokulungiswa kwenkunkuma. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-GGT iyabandakanywa ukuvavanya impilo yombhobho wenyongo.

Kutheni i-ALT kunye ne-AST zibalulekile?
I-ALT (i-alanine transaminase) kunye ne-AST (i-aspartate transaminase) yi-enzymes ebalulekileyo ebonisa umonakalo weseli yesibindi xa iphakanyisiwe. Ezi enzyme zikhutshwa egazini xa iiseli zesibindi zonzakele ngenxa yeemeko ezifana ne-hepatitis, isifo sesibindi esinamafutha, okanye ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala. Amanqanaba abo anika ingqiqo malunga nokudumba kwesibindi kunye nobunzima bokungasebenzi kakuhle kwesibindi.

Ngaba iiLFT ziyakwazi ukubona umhlaza wesibindi?
Ngelixa ii-LFT zinokuveza izinto ezingaqhelekanga ezifana nee-enzymes eziphakamileyo okanye amanqanaba e-bilirubin, ayilulo uvavanyo oluqinisekileyo. umhlaza wesibindi. Iziphawuli eziphakanyisiweyo zinokuthi ziqhube ezinye iimvavanyo zokuxilonga ezifana ne-imaging (i-ultrasound, i-CT scan) okanye i-biopsy ukuqinisekisa ubukho bomhlaza wesibindi. I-LFTs, nangona kunjalo, ingabonisa iimeko zesibindi ezingapheliyo ezonyusa umngcipheko womhlaza.

Ngaba kufuneka ndizile ukutya phambi kwe-LFT?
Ukuzila ukutya kwiiyure ze-8-12 kudla ngokufuneka ngaphambi kokuba i-LFT igweme ukuphazamiseka kokutya okutsha okanye iziphuzo. Ngokomzekelo, i-triglycerides kunye namanqanaba e-glucose inokuchaphazela imilinganiselo ye-enzyme. Amanzi adla ngokuvunyelwa ngexesha lokuzila ukutya. Hlala udibana nogqirha wakho ngemiyalelo ethile esekelwe kwimpilo yakho kunye novavanyo olwenziwayo.

Yintoni ebangela iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga ze-LFT?
Iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga ze-LFT zinokuvela kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa i-hepatitis yentsholongwane, isifo sesibindi esinamafutha, i-cirrhosis, okanye i-bile duct obstruction. Imiba yendlela yokuphila efana nokusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo okanye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zeyeza nazo zinokubangela ukutenxa. Ezinye izinto, ezifana nosulelo, ukuphazamiseka kwe-autoimmune, okanye Isifo se-Metabolic syndromes, inokuchaphazela amanqanaba e-enzyme yesibindi kwaye ifuna uphando.

Kufuneka zenziwe kangaphi ii-LFT?
Ubuninzi be-LFT buxhomekeke kwizinto ezinobungozi kunye neemeko zonyango. Izigulana ezinezifo zesibindi ezingapheliyo njenge-hepatitis zinokufuna ukubekwa esweni rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa. Kwabanye, uvavanyo lonyaka ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwempilo yesiqhelo lunokwanela. Qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho ukuba amisele ishedyuli efanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwimpilo yakho kunye neprofayili yomngcipheko.

Ngaba iiLFT zibuhlungu?
Ii-LFT zincinci kwaye azinantlungu. Uvavanyo lubandakanya ukutsalwa kwegazi okulula, okunokubangela ukuhlaba okanye ukungakhululeki xa inaliti ifakiwe. Abanye abantu bafumana imikrwelo encinane okanye ubuhlungu kwindawo yokuhlatywa. Ezi ziphumo zikholisa ukusonjululwa kwisithuba sosuku kwaye azifuni nyango.

Ngaba amayeza anokuchaphazela iziphumo ze-LFT?
Ewe, amayeza athile anokuphakamisa amanqanaba e-enzyme yesibindi kwaye aphembelele iziphumo ze-LFT. Amachiza afana namayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, amayeza okuthomalalisa iintlungu, kunye nezithomalalisi-ntlungu zinokusenza nzima isibindi, nto leyo ekhokelela kwizinto ezingaqhelekanga zokwexeshana. Izongezelelo zemifuno kunye namayeza angaphandle kwe-counter-the-counter zinokuchaphazela iziphumo. Hlala uxelela ugqirha wakho malunga nawo onke amayeza kunye nezongezelelo ozithathayo ngaphambi kokuba ungene kwi-LFT.

Yeyiphi imingcipheko yeeLFTs?
Imingcipheko enxulumene neeLFT incinci. Abanye abantu banokufumana imikrwelo encinci, iintlungu ezincinci, okanye ukudumba kwindawo ebefakwe kuyo inaliti. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuphelelwa amandla okanye ukukhanya okukhanyayo kunokwenzeka ngexesha lokutsalwa kwegazi. Le mingcipheko iyalawuleka kwaye ayigqithisi inzuzo yokuchonga imiba enokubakho yesibindi.

Kufuneka ndenze ntoni ukuba iziphumo zam ze-LFT aziqhelekanga?
Ukuba iziphumo zakho ze-LFT aziqhelekanga, dibana nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ngokukhawuleza. Basenokucebisa iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo zokuxilonga, ezifana ne-imaging okanye biopsy, ukufumanisa unobangela osisiseko. Ukutshintsha indlela yokuphila, njengokuphepha utywala, ukuphucula ukutya, okanye ukulungisa imiba yobunzima, kunokucetyiswa. Landela isicwangciso sonyango lwakho ngononophelo ukulawula impilo yesibindi.

isiphelo

Iimvavanyo zokuSebenza kwesibindi zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo zokuvavanya impilo yesibindi, iimeko zokuxilonga, kunye nonyango olukhokelayo. Nokuba njengenxalenye yovavanyo lokuthintela okanye ukuphanda iimpawu, ii-LFTs zibonelela ngemibono ebalulekileyo kwelinye lawona malungu abalulekileyo omzimba. Ukuba unemingcipheko okanye iimpawu ezinxulumene nokungasebenzi kwesibindi, qhagamshelana nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ukucwangcisa i-LFT kwaye uqinisekise ukusebenza kwesibindi sakho ngokufanelekileyo.