Uvavanyo lweHPV

I-Human papillomavirus (HPV) liqela leentsholongwane ezingaphezulu kwama-200 ezinxulumeneyo, ezinye zazo ezinokubangela imiba enzima yempilo, kubandakanywa iintsumpa zangasese, umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, kunye nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza ochaphazela amalungu esini, umlomo, kunye nomqala. Uvavanyo lwe-HPV sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokuxilonga esinceda ekuboneni ubukho beentlobo zeHPV ezisemngciphekweni kakhulu ezinokukhokelela kumhlaza. Luvavanyo olubalulekileyo lokuthintela nokulawula izifo ezinxulumene ne-HPV, ngakumbi umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, ololona didi luxhaphakileyo lomhlaza phakathi kwabasetyhini kwihlabathi liphela.

Yintoni uVavanyo lwe-HPV?

Uvavanyo lwe-HPV luvavanyo lwezonyango olusetyenziselwa ukubona ubukho be-human papillomavirus (HPV) kwiiseli zomlomo wesibeleko (kubafazi) okanye kwezinye iindawo zommandla wesini. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumanisa iintlobo ze-HPV ezisemngciphekweni omkhulu ezinxulumene nomhlaza kunye notshintsho olunomhlaza emzimbeni.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zovavanyo lwe-HPV:

• Uvavanyo lwe-DNA ye-HPV: Olu vavanyo luchonga imathiriyeli yemfuzo (i-DNA) yoluhlu lweHPV olusemngciphekweni omkhulu. Idla ngokusetyenziswa ukujonga utshintsho olunxulumene ne-HPV kumlomo wesibeleko kwaye isoloko isetyenziswa kunye ne-Pap smear ukubonelela ngovavanyo oluthe kratya lwempilo yomlomo wesibeleko.
• Uvavanyo lwe-HPV RNA: Olu vavanyo lufumanisa ubukho be-RNA (imathiriyeli yemfuzo) evela kwintsholongwane ye-HPV. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswa kwiimeko ezithile ukukhangela umngcipheko ophezulu we-HPV kunye nokuvavanya ukuba nokwenzeka kwezinto ezingaqhelekanga zomlomo wesibeleko.

Lusebenza Njani uvavanyo lwe-HPV?

Uvavanyo lwe-HPV lubandakanya ukuqokelela isampulu yeeseli kumlomo wesibeleko ngexesha lesiqhelo lePap smear (ekwaziwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwePapanicolaou). Isampulu iye ke ithunyelwe elabhoratri ukuze ijongwe ukuze kujongwe ubukho beHPV. Nantsi indlela esebenza ngayo:

1. Ingqokelela yeSampula: Ngexesha lovavanyo lwe-pelvic, umboneleli wezempilo uya kusebenzisa ibrashi encinci okanye i-spatula ukuqokelela isampuli yeeseli kumlomo wesibeleko. Isampuli ke ifakwe kwi-vial equlethe isisombululo sokugcina ukuthutha ukuya kwilebhu.
2. Uhlalutyo lweLebhu: Kwilabhoratri, isampulu eqokelelweyo ihlalutyelwe ubukho beHPV DNA okanye iRNA. Iindidi ze-HPV ezisemngciphekweni omkhulu zichongiwe, kwaye iziphumo zovavanyo ziyasetyenzwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba ngaba ikho na intsholongwane kwaye, ukuba kunjalo, nokuba inxulunyaniswe nohlobo olunxulumene nomhlaza.
3. iziphumo: Iziphumo zovavanyo zidla ngokufumaneka phakathi kweentsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiveki. Ukuba uvavanyo lwe-HPV alunayo, oko kuthetha ukuba akukho ntlobo zomngcipheko ophezulu ezifunyenweyo kwisampulu. Ukuba uvavanyo luqinisekile, ezinye iinkqubo zokuxilonga zinokucetyiswa ukuba zibeke iliso kwiiseli ezinokubakho zomhlaza.

Lwenziwa nini uvavanyo lwe-HPV?

Uvavanyo lwe-HPV lwenziwa ikakhulu kuthintelo lomhlaza kunye nokufunyanwa kwangoko. Ezinye zezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo zokwenza uvavanyo lwe-HPV ziquka:

• Uvavanyo lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko: Uvavanyo lwe-HPV kaninzi lwenziwa ecaleni kwe-Pap smear njengenxalenye yovavanyo lwesiqhelo lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Isetyenziselwa ukubona iindidi zeHPV ezisemngciphekweni kakhulu ezinokukhokelela kumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.
• Kwabasetyhini abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-30: Abasetyhini abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30 kunokwenzeka ukuba babe nosulelo oluzingileyo olunomngcipheko ophezulu weentlobo ze-HPV. Uvavanyo lunokuba yinxalenye yokuhlolwa rhoqo ukujonga izinto ezingaqhelekanga.
• Emva kwePap Smear engaqhelekanga: Ukuba i-Pap smear ibonisa utshintsho olungaqhelekanga lweeseli, uvavanyo lwe-HPV lunokwenziwa ukufumanisa ukuba lukhona na uhlobo olusemngciphekweni ophezulu we-HPV, olunokukhokelela kwezinye iinkqubo zoxilongo okanye unyango.
• Ukubekwa esweni kweeMeko eziNxulumene neHPV: Kubantu abafunyaniswe beneemeko ezinxulumene ne-HPV (ezifana neentsumpa zangasese okanye izilonda ezingaphambi komhlaza), uvavanyo lunokusetyenziselwa ukubeka esweni iingozi ezinxulumene ne-HPV kwaye luncede ekumiseleni imfuneko yonyango olongezelelweyo.

Uvavanyo lwe-HPV emadodeni

Okwangoku, alukho uvavanyo lwe-HPV oluvunywe yi-FDA lwamadoda. Nangona kunjalo, usulelo lwe-HPV emadodeni lunokukhokelela kumhlaza onjengomhlaza welungu lobudoda kunye nomhlaza womlomo. Ukuvavanyelwa i-HPV rhoqo emadodeni akukacetyiswa, kodwa amadoda asemngciphekweni omkhulu (umz., amadoda abelana ngesondo namadoda okanye abantu abane-HIV) anokuvavanywa kwezinye iimeko.

Kutheni le nto uvavanyo lwe-HPV lubalulekile?

Uvavanyo lwe-HPV sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokubhaqwa kwangethuba kohlobo olusemngciphekweni ophezulu we-HPV, olunokukhokelela kwimiba emandla yezempilo, kubandakanywa umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kunye nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza. Nazi izizathu eziphambili zokuba kutheni uvavanyo lwe-HPV lubalulekile:

• UThintelo loMhlaza woMlomo weSibeleko: Iintlobo ezisemngciphekweni ophezulu we-HPV zinxulunyaniswa ngokuthe ngqo nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Uvavanyo lwe-HPV lunokuchonga ezi ntlobo kwangethuba, luvumela ulawulo olukhawulezileyo kunye nongenelelo, olufana nokubeka iliso rhoqo okanye unyango lwangethuba lweeseli ezinomhlaza, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza.
• Ukufunyanwa kwangethuba kwezinye iiCancer ezinxulumene ne-HPV: Uvavanyo lwe-HPV aluphelelanga kumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kuphela; inokunceda ekuboneni umngcipheko weminye imihlaza enxulunyaniswa ne-HPV, efana nomqala, umqala, i-vulvar, kunye nomhlaza welungu lobufazi.
• Ukubeka iliso kuSulelo lwe-HPV kunye nokuQhubela phambili kweSifo: Uvavanyo lwe-HPV lunokusetyenziselwa ukulandelela ukuqhubeka kosulelo, ngakumbi kwiimeko zosulelo oluzingileyo olunomngcipheko ophezulu weentlobo ze-HPV. Uvavanyo lwarhoqo lubalulekile kwabo basemngciphekweni owonyukayo wokuphuhlisa iimeko ezinxulumene ne-HPV.
• Ukunciphisa ukusasazeka kweHPV: Ngokuchonga abantu abanomngcipheko ophezulu weentlobo ze-HPV, uvavanyo lwe-HPV lunceda ekufundiseni nasekukhuthazeni abantu ukuba bathathe amanyathelo othintelo, anjengokwabelana ngesondo ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nokufumana isitofu sokugonya se-HPV ukunciphisa ukusasazeka kwentsholongwane.

Ululungiselela njani uvavanyo lwe-HPV

Kukho amalungiselelo amancinci afunekayo kuvavanyo lwe-HPV, kodwa kukho izikhokelo ezimbalwa ekufuneka zilandelwe ukuqinisekisa iziphumo ezichanekileyo:

• Cwangcisa i-Appointment yakho: Kubalulekile ukucwangcisa uvavanyo lwakho ngexesha ongayi exesheni, njengoko igazi okanye i-mucus yomlomo wesibeleko evela exesheni inokuphazamisana nokuqokelela isampulu. Zama ukucwangcisa uvavanyo lwakho phakathi komjikelo wakho wokuya exesheni ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezilungileyo.
• Kuphephe ukwabelana ngesondo: Ubuncinci kwiiyure ezingama-24 ukuya kwezingama-48 phambi kovavanyo, kuphephe ukwabelana ngesondo kwilungu lobufazi, ukuxubha, okanye ukusebenzisa iikhrimu zangasese okanye amayeza, njengoko le misebenzi inokuchaphazela iziphumo zovavanyo.
• Yazisa umboneleli wakho wezempilo malunga neeNkqubo zamva nje: Ukuba uye waba naziphi na iinkqubo ze-pelvic zamva nje, ezifana ne-colposcopy okanye i-cervical biopsy, inokuchaphazela iziphumo. Qiniseka ukuba uyamazisa umboneleli wakho wezempilo ngazo naziphi na iinkqubo onazo.
• Xoxa ngeMbali yakho yoNyango: Yazisa umboneleli wakho wezempilo malunga nembali yakho yezesondo, naziphi na iimpawu zeentsumpa zangasese okanye ezinye iimeko ezinxulumene ne-HPV, kunye nayo nayiphi na inkxalabo onokuba nayo. Oku kuya kunceda umboneleli wakho ukuba abone eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwenza uvavanyo kunye novavanyo.

Utoliko lweziphumo zovavanyo

Iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-HPV zidla ngokuhlelwa njengenazo okanye ezingalunganga kwaye zinokubonisa nokuba ubukho okanye ukungabikho kweentlobo ze-HPV ezisemngciphekweni omkhulu. Nantsi indlela iziphumo ezitolikwa ngayo ngokubanzi:

• Isiphumo soVavanyo lwe-HPV esibi: Isiphumo esibi sibonisa ukuba iintlobo ze-HPV ezisemngciphekweni omkhulu azikho kwisampulu, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba umntu akakho semngciphekweni wokonyuka womhlaza onxulumene ne-HPV ngelo xesha. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba iintlobo zomngcipheko ophantsi zisenokubakho, kwaye i-HPV inokususa emzimbeni ngokwendalo ngokuhamba kwexesha.
• Iziphumo zoVavanyo oluNgcono lweHPV: Isiphumo esiqinisekileyo sithetha ukuba uvavanyo lufumanise uhlobo olunye okanye ngaphezulu olusemngciphekweni ophezulu we-HPV. Ngelixa isiphumo esihle singathethi ukuba umntu unomhlaza okanye uya kuba nomhlaza, kubonisa ukuba ezinye iinkqubo zokubeka iliso okanye zokuxilonga zingafuneka. Kwezinye iimeko, uvavanyo olongezelelweyo, olufana ne-Pap smear okanye i-colposcopy, lunokufuneka ukukhangela iiseli ezinomhlaza okanye ezingaqhelekanga.
• Uhlobo lwe-HPV: Ukuba uvavanyo luchonga uhlobo oluthile lomngcipheko ophezulu (olufana ne-HPV 16 okanye i-18), umboneleli wakho wezempilo unokucebisa ukuba kubekwe iliso ngakumbi okanye nonyango, njengoko ezi ntlobo zinxulunyaniswa kakhulu nophuhliso lomlomo wesibeleko kunye neminye imihlaza.

Uluhlu oluQhelekileyo loVavanyo lweHPV

Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lovavanyo lwe-HPV ludla ngokuba lunegethivu, nto leyo ethetha ukuba akukho ntlobo ze-HPV ezisemngciphekweni omkhulu zifunyenweyo. Nasiphi na isiphumo esivumayo kwiintlobo zomngcipheko ophezulu sibonisa ubukho bentsholongwane kwaye sinokufuna uphando olongezelelweyo okanye ukulandelwa.

Ukusetyenziswa koVavanyo lweHPV

Uvavanyo lwe-HPV lusetyenziswa kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo ukujonga nokuvavanya umngcipheko:

• Uvavanyo lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko: Uvavanyo lunceda ekuchongeni iindidi zeHPV ezisemngciphekweni kakhulu ezinokukhokelela kumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, ngakumbi kwabasetyhini abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30.
• Ukubeka iliso kwiiMeko eziNxulumene neHPV: Kwabasetyhini abane-Pap smears engaqhelekanga okanye ezinye iimpawu zosulelo lwe-HPV, uvavanyo lunceda ukuhlola umngcipheko weeseli ezingaphambi komhlaza.
• Ukulandelelwa kwabantu abagonyiweyo: Nangona isitofu sokugonya se-HPV sithintela usulelo oluvela kwezinye iintlobo, abantu abagonyiweyo kusafuneka bavavanywe rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba abosulelwanga zezinye iindidi ze-HPV.
• Ukuvavanya uMngcipheko kuBantu abakuMngcipheko oPhezulu: Abasetyhini abanembali yosapho abanomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko okanye eminye imihlaza enxulumene ne-HPV kufuneka baqwalasele uvavanyo lwe-HPV ukuvavanya umngcipheko wabo.

I-10 yemibuzo eQho ukubuzwa malunga noVavanyo lwe-HPV

1. Yintoni uvavanyo lwe-HPV? Uvavanyo lwe-HPV luvavanyo lokuhlola ubukho beentlobo ze-human papillomavirus ezinobungozi obuphezulu kumlomo wesibeleko. Inceda ekuchongeni abantu abasemngciphekweni wokuba nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko okanye eminye imihlaza enxulumene ne-HPV.
2. Lwenziwa njani uvavanyo lwe-HPV? Uvavanyo luqhele ukwenziwa ngexesha le-Pap smear. Umboneleli wezempilo uqokelela isampulu yeeseli zomlomo wesibeleko, ezithi ke zivavanyelwe ubukho beentlobo zeHPV ezinobungozi obuphezulu.
3. Kutheni kufuneka ndenze uvavanyo lwe-HPV? Uvavanyo lwe-HPV lubalulekile ekukhangeleni iintlobo zomngcipheko ophezulu we-HPV ezinokukhokelela kumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, kunye nokubeka iliso kutshintsho olunomhlaza kumlomo wesibeleko.
4. Ndilulungiselela njani uvavanyo lwe-HPV? Gwema ukwabelana ngesondo, ukuxubha, okanye ukusebenzisa amayeza angasese kwiiyure ezingama-24-48 ngaphambi kovavanyo. Kwakhona, zama ukucwangcisa uvavanyo xa ungekho exesheni.
5. Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndinovavanyo lwe-HPV? Uvavanyo lwe-positive luthetha ukuba iintlobo ze-HPV ezisemngciphekweni ophezulu zabhaqwa. Iimvavanyo ezingaphaya, ezifana ne-Pap smear okanye i-colposcopy, zinokufuneka ukujonga utshintsho olunomhlaza kumlomo wesibeleko.
6. Kufuneka ndilufumane kangaphi uvavanyo lwe-HPV? Abasetyhini abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30 kufuneka benze uvavanyo lwe-HPV rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-5, njengenxalenye yovavanyo lwesiqhelo lomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Abasetyhini abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-30 banokungadingi uvavanyo ngaphandle kokuba banembali ye-Pap smears engaqhelekanga.
7. Ngaba uvavanyo lwe-HPV luchanekile? Uvavanyo lwe-HPV luchaneke kakhulu, ngakumbi xa lwenziwa ecaleni kwe-Pap smear, ukufumanisa iintlobo ze-HPV ezisemngciphekweni omkhulu.
8. Ngaba amadoda angavavanyelwa i-HPV? Ngelixa lungekho uvavanyo oluvunyiweyo lwe-FDA lwe-HPV emadodeni, ababoneleli bezempilo banokwenza uvavanyo kubantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu, ngakumbi ukuba kukho iimpawu zomhlaza womlomo okanye wesini.
9. Ingaba isitofu sokugonya se-HPV singaluthintela usulelo? Ewe, isitofu sokugonya se-HPV sinceda ukuthintela usulelo kwiintlobo ezithile zomngcipheko ophezulu we-HPV. Nangona kunjalo, ayikhuseli kuzo zonke iintlobo, ngoko ke ukuhlolwa rhoqo kusacetyiswa.
10. Sithetha ntoni isiphumo se-HPV esingenakubonwa? Isiphumo esingabonakaliyo sithetha ukuba akukho ntlobo ze-HPV zomngcipheko ophezulu zifunyenweyo, esisiphumo esiqhelekileyo nesinempilo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokuhlolwa rhoqo, njengoko ezinye iintlobo ezinomngcipheko omncinci zisenokubangela imiba.

isiphelo

Uvavanyo lwe-HPV sisixhobo sokuhlola esibalulekileyo sokubona iintlobo ze-HPV ezisemngciphekweni kakhulu ezinokukhokelela kumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kunye nezinye iimeko ezinxulumene ne-HPV. Ukufunyaniswa kwangoko ngolu vavanyo kunganceda ukuthintela umhlaza kunye nokuqinisekisa unyango olungexesha kwabo banokuba sengozini. Nokuba uphantsi kovavanyo lwesiqhelo, ulandelelanisa emva kwe-Pap smear engaqhelekanga, okanye ukubeka esweni iimeko ezinxulumene ne-HPV, uvavanyo lwe-HPV lubonelela ngezimvo ezixabisekileyo kwimpilo yakho. Ukuba ulindelwe uvavanyo, dibana nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuze uqinisekise ukuba uthatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo kwimpilo yakho kunye nokuba sempilweni.