Uvavanyo lweHepatitis E

IHepatitis E lusulelo lwentsholongwane olubangelwa yintsholongwane yeHepatitis E (HEV), echaphazela kakhulu isibindi. Usulelo ludla ngokusasazwa ngamanzi angcolileyo okanye ngokutya kwaye luxhaphake kakhulu kwimimandla enenkqubo yogutyulo engekho mgangathweni. Nangona uninzi lwabantu luchacha kwi-Hepatitis E ngaphandle kokufuna unyango, lunokubangela ukugula okuqatha, ngakumbi kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo okanye abantu abane-immune ebuthathaka. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuvavanyelwa i-Hepatitis E yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuxilonga usulelo, ukujonga inkqubela yalo, kunye nokuqinisekisa unyango olusebenzayo.

Yintoni uvavanyo lweHepatitis E?

Uvavanyo lweHepatitis E luvavanyo lwegazi olusetyenziselwa ukubona ubukho bentsholongwane yeHepatitis E (HEV) emzimbeni. Uvavanyo lunokuqinisekisa usulelo olusebenzayo, luqinisekise ukuba umntu wosulelekile ngaphambili, kwaye luvavanye ukuba umntu akakhuselekanga na kwintsholongwane.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zovavanyo lweHepatitis E, kodwa ezona zisetyenziswayo ziimvavanyo zeserologic ezibona izilwa-buhlungu okanye ii-antigens ezithile egazini. Olu vavanyo lunokusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba une-Hepatitis E ebukhali okanye engapheliyo, okanye ukuba ubukhe wachanabeka kwintsholongwane kwixesha elidlulileyo.

Iintlobo zovavanyo lweHepatitis E

• Uvavanyo lwe-Hepatitis E Antibody (Anti-HEV IgM/IgG): Olu lolona vavanyo luxhaphakileyo olusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuba unosulelo lwangoku okanye oludlulileyo lwentsholongwane yeHepatitis E. Ibhaqa izilwa-buhlungu ze-IgM (ezibonisa usulelo lwamva nje) kunye nezilwa-buhlungu ze-IgG (ezibonisa ukuba sesichengeni okanye ukugonyeka kwangaphambili).
• Uvavanyo lwe-HEV RNA: Olu vavanyo lwemolekyuli lubona izinto zofuzo zentsholongwane ye-Hepatitis E egazini, eqinisekisa usulelo olusebenzayo. Ngokuyintloko isetyenziselwa usulelo oluqatha okanye ukuqinisekisa usulelo olungapheliyo kubantu abakhubazekileyo.
• Uvavanyo lwe-Antigen ye-HEV: Olu vavanyo lufumanisa iiprotheyini ezithile kwintsholongwane, inceda ukuqinisekisa ubukho be-HEV emzimbeni.
• Iimvavanyo zokuSebenza kwesibindi: Ngelixa ingekho ngqo kwi-Hepatitis E, ezi mvavanyo zivavanya impilo yesibindi sakho ngokulinganisa amanqanaba e-enzymes yesibindi kunye neeprotheni, ezinokunyuswa ekuphenduleni usulelo.

Kutheni uvavanyo lweHepatitis E lwenziwa?

Uvavanyo lweHepatitis E ludla ngokuqhutywa ngezi zizathu zilandelayo:

• Ukufumanisa uSulelo lweHepatitis E: Esona sizathu siphambili sovavanyo lweHepatitis E kukufumanisa ukuba unosulelo olusebenzayo lwe-HEV. Iimpawu zeHepatitis E zinokufana nezo zezinye izifo zesibindi, kuquka ukudinwa, intlungu yesisu, i-jaundice (i-yellowing yesikhumba), kunye nomchamo omnyama. Uvavanyo lunokunceda ukufumanisa ukuba i-HEV ngunobangela.
• Ukumisela usulelo oluqatha okanye olungapheliyo: Uninzi lwabantu luyachacha kwiHepatitis E kwiiveki okanye iinyanga ezimbalwa. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, ngakumbi kubantu abanesistim somzimba esibuthathaka, usulelo lunokuqhubeka kwaye luqhubeke. Uvavanyo lwe-HEV RNA luluncedo ekuchongeni usulelo olungapheliyo kunye nokwahlula kwiimeko ezibukhali.
• Ukuphonononga ukuVeleka kwiHepatitis E: Uvavanyo lukwaluncedo ekuchongeni abantu abakhe bachanabeka kwi-HEV kodwa basenokungabonakalisi zimpawu okwangoku. Ukuba umntu une-IgG antibodies ngaphandle kwamanqanaba e-IgM aphakamileyo, inokucebisa ukuvezwa kwangaphambili kunye nokugonywa.
• Uvavanyo loMngcipheko oluNxulumene nokuKhulelwa: Abasetyhini abakhulelweyo, ngokukodwa kwi-trimester yesithathu, basengozini enkulu kakhulu yokugula kakhulu ngenxa ye-Hepatitis E. Ukuba umfazi okhulelweyo ubonisa iimpawu ze-Hepatitis E, uvavanyo lunceda ukuxilonga nokubeka iliso kwintsholongwane.
• Ukubekw'esweni ukosuleleka okuRhoqoyo: Abantu ababeneHepatitis E kwixesha elidlulileyo ngamanye amaxesha banokuhlakulela usulelo oluphindaphindiweyo. Uvavanyo lunokusetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukuba ingaba intsholongwane ibuyile na, ngakumbi kubantu abangenamajoni omzimba.

Lwenziwa njani uvavanyo lweHepatitis E?

Uvavanyo lweHepatitis E lubandakanya isampulu yegazi elula, enokuthi ithathwe ngomthambo osengalweni yakho. Nantsi isishwankathelo senkqubo:

• Ingqokelela yeSampulu seGazi: Umboneleli wezempilo uya kutsala ixabiso elincinci legazi, ngokuqhelekileyo lisuka kumthambo osengalo yakho. Inkqubo incinci kwaye ithatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela.
• Uhlalutyo lweLebhu: Isampulu yegazi ithunyelwa elabhoratri, apho iye ihlalutyelwe ubukho be-HEV antibodies okanye i-HEV RNA (kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lovavanyo).
  • Uvavanyo lwe-serologic luya kukhangela ubukho be-IgM kunye ne-IgG antibodies.
  • Uvavanyo lwe-HEV RNA luya kubona imathiriyeli yemfuza yentsholongwane, iqinisekisa usulelo olusebenzayo.
  • Uvavanyo lwe-antigen ye-HEV luya kukhangela iiproteni ezithile zentsholongwane.
• Iziphumo zovavanyo: Iziphumo zidla ngokuthatha iintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiveki ukuba ziqhubeke. Ugqirha wakho uya kuphonononga iziphumo ukuze abone ukuba unosulelo olusebenzayo, ubonakaliswe ngaphambili, okanye ukhuselekile.

Utoliko lweziphumo zovavanyo

Ukutolikwa kweziphumo zovavanyo lwakho lweHepatitis E kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lovavanyo olwenziweyo. Ngezantsi ziziphumo ezinokubakho:

• Uvavanyo lwe-Hepatitis E Antibody (Anti-HEV IgM/IgG):
  • I-IgM entle kunye ne-IgG engalunganga: Oku kubonisa usulelo olutshanje okanye oluqatha lwe-Hepatitis E. I-IgM antibodies ibonakala kwangoko kwintsholongwane, ngokuqhelekileyo kwiiveki ezi-1-2 emva kokuvezwa.
  • I-IgG entle kunye ne-IgM engalunganga: Oku kubonisa ukuba sesichengeni sentsholongwane kwixesha elidlulileyo kunye nokukhuseleka okunokwenzeka. Izilwa-buhlungu ze-IgG zikhula emva kwee-antibodies ze-IgM kwaye zinokuhlala emzimbeni iminyaka, zibonelela ngokhuseleko.
  • I-IgM entle kunye ne-IgG: Oku kubonisa usulelo olukhoyo ngoku, mhlawumbi usulelo olungapheliyo kubantu abakhubazekileyo.
  • I-IgM engalunganga kunye ne-IgG: Isiphumo esibi sicebisa ukuba awunalo ithuba langoku okanye elidlulileyo kwi-Hepatitis E.
• Uvavanyo lwe-HEV RNA:
  • I-HEV RNA entle: Ibonisa usulelo olusebenzayo kunye nentsholongwane ye-Hepatitis E. Ubukho be-HEV RNA bucebisa ukuba intsholongwane iphindaphindeka emzimbeni.
  • I-HEV RNA engalunganga: Ibonisa ukuba akukho nto ibonwayo yemfuzo yentsholongwane, icebisa ukuba akukho sulelo lusebenzayo.
• Uvavanyo lwe-Antigen ye-HEV:
  • Uvavanyo oluqinisekileyo lwe-Antigen: Isiphumo esihle sibonisa ubukho bentsholongwane, eqinisekisa usulelo olusebenzayo.
  • Uvavanyo lwe-Antigen engalunganga: Akukho ziproteni zentsholongwane ezifunyenweyo, okuthetha ukuba akukho sulelo lukhoyo lukhoyo.

Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo loVavanyo lweHepatitis E

Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lovavanyo lweHepatitis E luxhomekeke kuhlobo lovavanyo. Nazi izinto ezilindelweyo ngokubanzi:

• I-IgM antibodies: Kufuneka ibe ne-negative kubantu abasempilweni abangakhange bavezwe mva nje kwi-Hepatitis E.
• Izilwa-buhlungu ze-IgG: Kufuneka zibe negative ngaphandle kokuba ubukhe wachanabeka kwintsholongwane kwixesha elidlulileyo okanye awukhuselekanga.
• I-HEV RNA: Kufuneka ibe ne-negative kubantu abasempilweni ngaphandle kosulelo olusebenzayo.

Iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga zibonisa usulelo lweHepatitis E lwangoku okanye oludlulileyo okanye ukunganyangeki kwintsholongwane.

Ukusetyenziswa kovavanyo lweHepatitis E

Uvavanyo lweHepatitis E lunemisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo:

• Ukuxilongwa kweHepatitis E: Ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-Hepatitis E yimbangela yeempawu zesibindi ezifana ne-jaundice, intlungu yesisu, okanye umchamo omnyama.
• Ukuchonga ukosuleleka okuAcute vs. Uvavanyo lunceda ukwahlula phakathi kosulelo lwamva nje (olukhawulezayo) kunye nolungapheliyo, ngakumbi kubantu abakhubazekileyo.
• Ukubekw'esweni ukosuleleka okuRhoqo: Kubantu abanembali yeHepatitis E, uvavanyo lunceda ukulandelela nakuphi na ukuphindaphinda kosulelo.
• Ukubeka iliso okuNxulumene nokuKhulelwa: Ekubeni i-Hepatitis E inokuba yingozi ngakumbi ngexesha lokukhulelwa, uvavanyo lubalulekile kubasetyhini abakhulelweyo ababonisa iimpawu zoxinzelelo lwesibindi.
• Ukuvezwa kunye noVavanyo lokugomela: Uvavanyo luluncedo ekuchongeni abo bebekhe bavela ngaphambili kwi-Hepatitis E okanye abakhuselekanga kwintsholongwane.

Ululungiselela njani uvavanyo lweHepatitis E

Ukulungiselela uvavanyo lwe-Hepatitis E ngokuqhelekileyo kulula, kodwa nantsi imiba embalwa ebalulekileyo:

• Ukuzila ukudla: Ngokubanzi, ukuzila ukutya akufuneki kolu vavanyo ngaphandle kokuba uyalelwe ngenye indlela ngumboneleli wakho wezempilo.
• Ukubhengezwa ngamayeza: Yazisa umboneleli wakho wezempilo malunga nawo nawaphi na amayeza owathathayo, njengoko amachiza athile anokuphazamisana neziphumo zovavanyo.
• Hydration: Hlala unamanzi phambi kovavanyo, ngakumbi ukuba wenza uvavanyo lwe-HEV RNA, ukuqinisekisa ukuba isampulu yegazi lakho ifikeleleka lula.
• Landela imiyalelo: Ukuba uvavanyelwa isitulo okanye ukuba kukho naziphi na izilungiso ezifunekayo, qiniseka ukuba ulandela imiyalelo ethile kagqirha wakho.

Ili-10 lemibuzo eQho ukubuzwa malunga noVavanyo lweHepatitis E

1. Yintoni uvavanyo lweHepatitis E?

Uvavanyo lweHepatitis E luvavanyo lwegazi olufumanisa ubukho bentsholongwane yeHepatitis E (HEV) okanye izilwa-buhlungu zentsholongwane. Inceda ukuxilonga usulelo olusebenzayo, ukuvezwa kwangaphambili, okanye ukugonywa.

2. Lwenziwa njani uvavanyo lweHepatitis E?

Uvavanyo lubandakanya isampuli yegazi, ehlalutyelwe ubukho be-IgM kunye ne-IgG antibodies okanye i-HEV RNA. Kwezinye iimeko, iisampuli zesitulo zinokuvavanywa.

3. Zithetha ntoni iziphumo zovavanyo lweHepatitis E?

Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba unosulelo olusebenzayo na, ukuba sesichengeni sentsholongwane kwixesha elidlulileyo, okanye ukungakhuseleki. I-IgM icebisa usulelo lwakutsha nje, ngelixa i-IgG ibonisa ukutyhileka kwangaphambili.

4. Ngaba uvavanyo lweHepatitis E lunokuthenjwa?

Ewe, uvavanyo lwe-Hepatitis E luthembekile kwaye lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuxilonga izifo ezibukhali nezingapheliyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuchaneka kovavanyo kunokuxhomekeka kwixesha kunye nendlela yokuvavanya.

5. Ngaba i-Hepatitis E ingabangela ukugula okukhulu?

Ewe, iHepatitis E inokubangela ukusilela kwesibindi, ngakumbi kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo kunye nabo banenkqubo yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka. Kubalulekile ukufuna unyango ukuba ufunyanisiwe.

6. Inyangwa njani iHepatitis E?

Uninzi lwabantu abane-Hepatitis E baphila bodwa ngononophelo lwenkxaso. Kwiimeko ezinzima, ngakumbi ngexesha lokukhulelwa, unyango lunokubandakanya ukulawula iingxaki okanye ukujongana nokungaphumeleli kwesibindi.

7. Ngaba iHepatitis E inokuthintelwa?

Iindlela ezilungileyo zogutyulo kunye nokuphepha amanzi angcolileyo kunye nokutya kunokuthintela usulelo lwe-Hepatitis E. Isitofu sokugonya siyafumaneka kwamanye amazwe, nangona singasetyenziswa kakhulu.

8. Ngaba i-Hepatitis E ixhaphakile?

I-Hepatitis E ixhaphake kakhulu kumazwe asakhasayo anococeko olungonelanga, kodwa ukuqhambuka kunokwenzeka nakwiindawo ezinemigangatho yococeko embi.

9. Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufumana iziphumo kuvavanyo lweHepatitis E?

Iziphumo zovavanyo lweHepatitis E zidla ngokuthatha iintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya evekini, ngokuxhomekeke kwilabhoratri kunye nohlobo lovavanyo olwenziweyo.

10. Ndingayifumana iHepatitis E ngaphandle kweempawu?

Ewe, abantu abaninzi abosulelwe yi-Hepatitis E banokuba neempawu ezincinci okanye bangabonakali, kodwa intsholongwane isenokubangela umonakalo wesibindi, ngakumbi kubasetyhini abakhulelweyo kunye nabo banezifo ezingapheliyo.

isiphelo

Uvavanyo lweHepatitis E sisixhobo esibalulekileyo ekuxilongeni nasekulawuleni usulelo lweHepatitis E. Ingaba uneempawu zoxinzelelo lwesibindi, ubonakaliswe kwintsholongwane, okanye usengozini ngenxa yendawo ohlala kuyo okanye ukukhulelwa, olu vavanyo lubonelela ngolwazi olubalulekileyo kunyango olusebenzayo kunye nokuthintela. Ukuqonda ukuba uvavanyo lusebenza njani, ulungiselela njani, kwaye utolika njani iziphumo kunokukuxhobisa ukuba uthathe ulawulo lwempilo yakho kwaye usebenze nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ukulawula nayiphi na imingcipheko enokubakho enxulumene neHepatitis E.