I-Electrocardiogram (ECG): Oko Kuboniswa Luvavanyo, Oko Lukuphosayo, kunye nendlela Yokufunda Ingxelo Yakho

Ukuthatha okuphambili

• Iyakhawuleza kwaye ayihlaseli: I-ECG eqhelekileyo ene-12-lead ithatha imizuzu embalwa kwaye ayibandakanyi imitha yelanga kwaye ayifuni zifo.
• Amandla ayo yi-rhythm kunye neziganeko zombane: ii-arrhythmias, i-heart block kunye notshintsho lwe-ST-segment kwisifo sentliziyo esiguqukayo.
• I-ECG eqhelekileyo iyaqinisekisa kodwa ayisosiqinisekiso: Abantu abaninzi abane-coronary constipation enkulu banokulandelela okuqhelekileyo kokuphumla.
• Yifoto emfutshane: Ukubetheka kwentliziyo okungapheliyo kunokufuna uHolter okanye ukujongwa kwesingqisho sexesha elide.
• Imfuno yokutolika: ukulandelela okufanayo kunokuthetha izinto ezahlukeneyo kumdlali wezemidlalo oneminyaka engama-20 ubudala nakumntu oneminyaka engama-65 ubudala onesifo seswekile.

Ngokukrwaqula kanye

Kwaziwa njenge

• I-ECG (ukusetyenziswa kwamaNdiya namaBritane) kunye ne-EKG (evela kwisiJamani I-electrocardiogramm, ixhaphakileyo eMelika)
• I-ECG ene-12-lead, i-ECG ephumlayo
• "Ukulandelela intliziyo", "igrafu yentliziyo", "uvavanyo lwe-ECG"
• Idla ngokudideka xa kuncokolwa nge-"echo test" (echocardiogram), olu luvavanyo olwahlukileyo olusebenzisa i-ultrasound

Yintoni i-electrocardiogram

Intliziyo ibetha ngenxa yesignali yombane eqala kwi-node ye-sinoatrial (SA), isasazeke kwi-atria, ime kancinci kwi-node ye-atrioventricular (AV), ize ihambe ngenkqubo yokuhambisa umoya iye kwi-ventricles. Le mizila ifikelela kumphezulu wesikhumba, apho ii-electrodes zinokuzithatha khona.

I-ECG eqhelekileyo ene-12-lead isebenzisa ii-electrode ezilishumi ezinamathelayo, ezintandathu esifubeni nezine emalungeni, ukwenza "iimbono" ezilishumi elinesibini ezahlukeneyo zombane zentliziyo. Umatshini uprinta umkhondo oneendawo ezibonakalayo:

• P wave: ukusebenza kombane kwe-atria.
• QRS complex: ukusebenza kombane kwee-ventricles.
• T wave: ukubuyiswa kombane (ukubuyiswa kwakhona kwe-polarization) kwee-ventricles.
• Amaxesha okuphumla (i-PR, ubude be-QRS, i-QT): ixesha elithatha inyathelo ngalinye, apho kulapho ukulibaziseka kokuqhuba kunye nemiphumo ethile yamayeza ibonakala khona.

I-ECG irekhoda kuphela indlela esebenza ngayo ngombane. I-electrocardiogram ayibonisi izihlunu zentliziyo, iivalvu okanye imithambo yegazi.

Kutheni kwenziwa i-electrocardiogram

• Intlungu yesifuba okanye ukungakhululeki kwesifuba: ukukhangela utshintsho olubonisa ukuba kukho isifo sentliziyo esikhawulezileyo, mhlawumbi kwimizuzu embalwa emva kokufika kwimeko kaxakeka.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza okanye kancinci: ukuchaza isingqisho ukuba sikhona ngexesha lokurekhoda.
• Ukuphefumla nzima, ukuphelelwa ngamandla okanye ukuphelelwa ngamandla: ukukhangela ibhloko yokuqhuba, iipatheni zangaphambi kokuvuselelwa, i-QT ende okanye ubungqina boxinzelelo.
• Isifo sentliziyo esaziwayo: ukulandelela ukuhanjiswa, isigqi kunye nokubuyela kwe-repolarisation ngokuhamba kwexesha.
• Ukubeka iliso kumayeza: amayeza amaninzi entliziyo, amanye amayeza okubulala iingqondo, amanye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kunye namanye amayeza okubulala iintlungu achaphazela ixesha okanye ukuhanjiswa kwe-QT.
• Iingxaki ze-electrolyte kunye nezintso: Ukuphazamiseka okuphawulekayo kwe-potassium okanye i-calcium kunokutshintsha umkhondo, nangona i-ECG ingenalo indawo yovavanyo lwegazi.
• Ngaphambi kotyando okanye i-anesthesia: xa ubudala, iimpawu okanye isifo sentliziyo esikhoyo sikwenza kube yinto ebalulekileyo.
• Isiseko ngaphambi konyango oluthile: umzekelo ngaphambi kokuba kuqalwe amayeza aziwa ngokwandisa ixesha le-QT.

Ngubani ofanele afumane olu vavanyo

I-ECG ifanelekile xa ugqirha enombuzo othile malunga nomsebenzi wombane wentliziyo yakho. Oko kuquka abantu aba:

• ukuba neentlungu esifubeni, uxinzelelo, okanye intlungu ephuma emhlathini, emqolo okanye engalweni, ngokukhawuleza
• ukuba nentliziyo ebetha ngamandla, ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga, okanye ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo/okucothayo okubhaliweyo
• ukhe wafa isiqaqa, ingakumbi ngexesha lokuzilolonga, okanye unembali yosapho yokufa ngesiquphe kwentliziyo kwisalamane esiselula
• ukuba nokuphelelwa ngumoya okanye ukunyamezela umthambo okuncinci
• baphila noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo seswekile, isifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo, okanye isifo sentliziyo okanye se-valvular esikhoyo, kuquka nesifo sentliziyo esibangelwa yi-rheumatic
• usebenzisa amayeza anokuchaphazela isigqi sentliziyo okanye ixesha le-QT, njengoko kucetyisiwe ngugqirha
• ziyahlolwa ngaphambi kotyando, okanye njengenxalenye yovavanyo lwezemidlalo olucwangcisiweyo ngaphambi kokuthatha inxaxheba apho inkqubo yendawo ifuna oko

I-ECG ephumlayo kumntu oselula ongenazo iimpawu ezingenazo izinto ezinobungozi idla ngokongeza imibuzo embalwa kwaye inokuphakamisa imibuzo malunga neendlela ezingalunganga. Ukuba i-ECG yovavanyo iluncedo sisigqibo sikagqirha wakho, hayi isongezo esiqhelekileyo. Iziphumo ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zeklinikhi zomntu ngamnye.

Oko i-electrocardiogram ingenakukwazi ukukubona okanye ukungakubandakanyi

Le yeyona nxalenye ingaqondakaliyo yovavanyo.

• Ayiboni ngeliso lengqondo imithambo yentliziyo. I-ECG yokuphumla eqhelekileyo ayikuthinteli isifo semithambo yentliziyo, kwaye ayikuxeleli ukuba umthambo unciphile na.
• Ayilinganisi amandla okupompa. Iqhezu lokuphuma kwegazi livela kwi-echocardiogram okanye kwi-MRI yentliziyo, kungekhona kwi-ECG.
• Ayivavanyi iivalvu. Ukuncitshiswa okanye ukuvuza kwevalvu, kuquka nesifo sevalvu yamathambo, kufuna i-echocardiography. I-ECG inokubonisa iipateni zegumbi lesibini, kodwa ayinakukwazi ukulinganisa ivalvu.
• Ayinakukwazi ukuthintela ngokuthembekileyo ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo. Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo kwangoko okanye okungaphakanyiswanga yi-ST kunokuba nokulandelela kokuqala okuqhelekileyo okanye okuphantse kube kokuqhelekileyo. Kusetyenziswa ii-ECGs ezilandelelanayo kunye novavanyo lwegazi lwe-troponin olunobuzaza obuphezulu, kuba ukulandelela kube kanye akwanelanga.
• Ihlala iphosakele i-arrhythmias engapheliyo. Ukurekhoda kwemizuzwana eli-10 kuthatha isingqisho kuphela ngaloo mzuzu. Ukuba i-palpitations iyafika ize ihambe, i-ECG eqhelekileyo ayikhuphi i-arrhythmia; i-Holter, i-patch ende okanye ukubekwa kweliso kwisiganeko kunokufuneka.
• Ayifumanisi ngqo amahlwili egazi emiphungeni. I-pulmonary embolism inokubangela iipatheni ezibonisa ukuba kukho isifo, kodwa ukuxilongwa kuxhomekeke kwimifanekiso efana ne-CT pulmonary angiography.
• Iipateni zokwandisa igumbi azingqalanga. Imigaqo ye-ECG ye-left ventricular hypertrophy ayibalulekanga kwaye ayibalulekanga; i-echocardiography iyilinganisa.
• Ezinye iimeko zesakhiwo kunye nezemfuza zinokuba ne-ECG eqhelekileyo, ngakumbi kwasekuqaleni.

"Ukungachazwanga" akufani nokuthi "akukho mntu ukhutshelwe ngaphandle". Ukuba iintlungu zesifuba sakho, ukungakwazi ukuphefumla, ukubetha kwentliziyo okanye ukuquleka kuyaqhubeka nangona i-ECG iqhelekile, buyela kugqirha wakho, ungawuthathi ingxelo eqhelekileyo njengefayile evaliweyo.

Iimviwo ezinxulumeneyo kodwa ezahlukeneyo

Akukho vavanyo lunye "lungcono" kwihlabathi liphela. Ukuba loluphi uvavanyo oluza kuqala luxhomekeke kwingxaki: iintlungu zesifuba eziqhubekayo kwicandelo likaxakeka ziqala nge-ECG kunye ne-troponin; ukubetheka rhoqo kwentliziyo kudla ngokufuna ukujongwa kwesingqisho; ukurhawuzelelwa okanye isifo sevalvu esirhanelwayo sibonisa i-echocardiography; iintlungu zesifuba ezizinzileyo kumntu osengozini ephakathi zihlala zikhokelela kwi-CT coronary angiography okanye kwi-functional imaging, kuxhomekeke ekubeni ikhona na kunye nesigwebo seqela elinyangayo.

Ukulungiselela

Ukulungiselela i-ECG yokuphumla kuncinci, kwaye imiyalelo ethile iyasebenza kwaye imiselwe liqela elisebenzayo. Imiyalelo ebhaliweyo yeyunithi yakho ibaluleke ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na into oyifunda kwi-intanethi.

• Impahla: Nxiba into evulekayo okanye ephakama lula esifubeni; ungacelwa ukuba unxibe ilokhwe.
• Isikhumba: Musa ukusebenzisa ioyile, i-moisturizer, i-talc okanye i-lotion esifubeni, ezingalweni nasemilenzeni ngaloo mini, kuba ezi zinto zinciphisa ukudibana kwe-electrode. Iinwele zesifuba zisenokufuna ukunqunyulwa kwiindawo ze-electrode.
• Ukuzila ukudla: Akufuneki kwi-ECG yokuphumla eqhelekileyo. Ukuba i-ECG yinxalenye yovavanyo loxinzelelo okanye iphakheji ebanzi, landela inkqubo ethile yovavanyo olo.
• Amachiza: Zisa uluhlu lwakho lwamayeza akhoyo. Musa ukuyeka, ukuqala okanye ukutshintsha naluphi na unyango olunikiweyo lovavanyo, kuquka i-beta blockers, i-antiarrhythmics okanye amayeza e-thyroid, ngaphandle kokuba ugqirha oninike lona ekuxelela ukuba wenze njalo.
• Izivuseleli: Kwi-ECG yokuphumla, i-caffeine kunye ne-nicotine azingomqobo upheleleyo, kodwa zinokunyusa izinga lentliziyo kwaye zongeze ukubetha kwe-ectopic. Ukuba uvavanyo lwenziwa ngokukodwa ukuvavanya ukubetha kwentliziyo okanye uvavanyo loxinzelelo, landela isikhokelo seyunithi.
• Xelela abasebenzi Ukuba une-pacemaker okanye i-defibrillator efakelweyo, uhlaselo lwentliziyo lwangaphambili okanye utyando lwe-bypass, amanxeba esifubeni okanye amabhandeji, okanye ukuba ukhe wenza uvavanyo olufanayo ngaphambili, umkhondo wangaphambili ubalulekile xa kuthelekiswa.

Ukukhulelwa

I-ECG ayibandakanyi misebe kwaye isetyenziswa xa ukhulelwe xa kubonisiwe ngokwezonyango. Indawo ingalungiswa, ukulala ngomqolo emva kokukhulelwa kunokubangela ukuba intloko ibe mhlophe, ngoko ke indawo ethe tye okanye ethe nkqo idla ngokusetyenziswa. Ezinye iinguqu ze-ECG, kuquka utshintsho kwi-axis kunye notshintsho oluncinci lwe-T-wave, zenzeka rhoqo xa ukhulelwe kwaye zifuna ukutolikwa ngugqirha onolwazi ngokukhulelwa.

abantwana

Ii-ECG zabantwana zisebenzisa ii-electrode ezincinci kwaye, okubalulekileyo, amaxabiso aqhelekileyo ngokweminyaka, imilinganiselo yabantu abadala ayiqondi kakuhle umkhondo wabantwana. Ukuchaza izitikha kwangaphambili kuyanceda; intshukumo kunye nokukhala kudla ngokuba yimbangela yezinto zakudala, ngoko ke ukurekhoda kwakhona kunokufuneka.

Abantu abadala kunye nabantu abangakwaziyo ukuhambahamba kakuhle

Ulusu olubuthathaka okanye olubhityileyo lunokusabela kwi-glue, kwaye ukungcangcazela okanye isifo sikaParkinson kunokudala into yokuqala. Xelela ingcali ukuba ukulala phantsi kunzima; ukurekhoda okuncinci kunokuchaziweyo.

Abantu abane-pacemakers okanye izixhobo ezifakelweyo

I-ECG ikhuselekile xa ine-pacemakers kunye ne-implantable defibrillators kwaye idla ngokusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo ukujonga indlela esebenza ngayo isixhobo. Soloko ukhankanya isixhobo, njengoko umkhondo utolikwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Uphando olujoliswe kwisixhobo esithile oluqhutywa liqela le-cardiology lunika ulwazi olungenakukwazi ukwenziwa yi-ECG yomphezulu.

Isifo seswekile, isifo sezintso esingapheliyo kunye nokusilela kwentliziyo

Akukho lungiselelo lukhethekileyo lufunekayo kwi-ECG yokuphumla, kwaye akukho mfuneko yokuthintela ulwelo okanye ukuzila ukutya. Ukuba i-ECG yakho iyinxalenye yovavanyo loxinzelelo, imiyalelo yokuzila ukutya kunye namayeza ovavanyo olo inokuchaphazela abantu abasebenzisa i-insulin okanye amanye amayeza okunciphisa i-glucose, abantu abathintela ulwelo, kunye nabantu abanesifo sezintso esiphambili okanye ukusilela kwentliziyo, cela ugqirha ocelayo ukuba akunike imiyalelo yomntu ngamnye ngaphambi kokuba uzile ukutya okanye utsibe idosi.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha le-electrocardiogram

• Ukubekwa: Ulala esofeni uze uveze isifuba, izandla kunye namaqatha. Ungacela ubumfihlo kunye nomphelekezi.
• Ukubekwa kwe-Electrode: Ii-electrode ezilishumi ezinamathelayo zibekwe kwiindawo ezithile zomzimba. Ukubekwa ngokuchanekileyo kubalulekile; i-leads ezilahlekileyo zibangela ukuba kubekho ukutsalwa okungaqhelekanga.
• Ukurekhoda: Ulala ungashukumi, uphefumle ngendlela eqhelekileyo kwaye uphephe ukuthetha imizuzwana embalwa ngelixa umatshini urekhoda. Ukungcangcazela, ukukhohlela okanye intshukumo kunokwenza ukuba umkhondo ungacaci, kwaye ingcali isenokuphinda loo nto.
• Emva koko: ii-electrode ziyaxotyulwa. Ukuba bomvu kancinci kwesikhumba okanye ukunamathela kancinci kuqhelekile. Imisebenzi eqhelekileyo, ukutya kunye nokuqhuba ingaqhubeka ngoko nangoko, ngaphandle kokuba isizathu sovavanyo ngokwaso sibeka imiqathango.

Ixesha elithathayo le nkqubo

Ukurekhoda kombane kudla ngokuba malunga nemizuzwana eli-10. Ukubekwa kwe-electrode, indawo kunye nokukhulula/ukubopha kuthetha ukuba idinga lihlala imizuzu emi-5 ukuya kweli-10, kwaye lide ukuba kufuneka ulandelelwano oluphindaphindwayo, ukuba kufuneka kunqunyulwe iinwele zesifuba, okanye ebantwaneni. Kwicandelo likaxakeka elineentlungu zesifuba, injongo kukuthathwa umkhondo kwaye kuhlolwe kwimizuzu embalwa emva kokufika. Kwimeko engxamisekileyo ugqirha uhlola umkhondo ngoko nangoko; kwiimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo zesibhedlele sangaphandle, ixesha lokunika ingxelo lixhomekeke kwindlela esebenza ngayo iyunithi.

Ukuqonda ingxelo yakho ye-ECG

Ingxelo ye-ECG idla ngokuba neenxalenye ezintathu: ukulandelwa okuprintiweyo, iseti yokulinganisa eyenziwe ngomatshini, kunye nokutolikwa komntu.

• Inqanaba lentliziyo: kuxelwe ngemibetho ngomzuzu. Amanani angaphantsi okanye angaphezulu koluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwabantu abadala awaqhelekanga ngokuzenzekelayo, abadlali abaqeqeshiweyo badla ngokuba namazinga okuphumla kancinci, kwaye ixhala, umkhuhlane, iintlungu, i-anemia okanye ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni zihlala zinyusa izinga.
• Isiqhelo: "isingqisho se-sinus" sithetha ukuba i-impulse iqala kwindawo eqhelekileyo. I-Atrial fibrillation, i-atrial flutter, i-supraventricular tachycardia kunye ne-ventricular arrhythmias zichazwa ngamagama.
• Izikhewu: Isithuba se-PR (ukuhanjiswa kwe-AV), ubude bexesha le-QRS (ukuhanjiswa kwe-ventricular, okuhlala ixesha elide kwi-bundle branch block), kunye ne-QT/QTc (ukuphinda kuguqulwe, okunxulumene namayeza athile kunye neemeko ezizuzwe njengelifa).
• I-axis kunye nee-voltage: indlela kunye nobukhulu bamandla ombane. Iikhrayitheriya ze-voltage ze-hypertrophy azithembekanga zodwa kwaye ziphenjelelwa kukwakheka komzimba, ubukhulu bodonga lwesifuba kunye nendawo ebekwe kuyo i-lead.
• I-ST segment kunye namaza e-T: Ukuphakama okanye ukudakumba kwe-ST kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-T-wave kunokubonisa i-ischaemia okanye ukwenzakala, kodwa kukwakho ne-pericarditis, i-myocarditis, ukuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte, i-bundle branch block, ii-early repolarisation variants kunye ne-left ventricular hypertrophy.
• Amaza e-Q: inokubonisa ukuba uhlaselwe yintliziyo endala, ephiliswe kakuhle, okanye isenokuba yindawo engeyongozi.

Ingxelo ezenzekelayo yomatshini phezulu kwiprinta, amabinzana anjengelithi "i-ECG engaqhelekanga", "i-infarct endala enokwenzeka", "i-T-wave engaqhelekanga" okanye "cinga nge-left ventricular hypertrophy", yingcebiso yekhompyutha, ayisiyonto yokuxilonga. Ukufundwa okuzenzakalelayo kuhlala kugqithiswa kwaye kulungiswa rhoqo ngugqirha oxelayo. Musa ukuthatha amanyathelo kwingxelo eprintiweyo ngaphambi kokuba ugqirha ayitolike loo ngxelo ngokweempawu zakho, uviwo, izinto ezinobungozi kunye nee-ECG zangaphambili. Ukuthelekiswa nokulandelela okudala kudla ngokutshintsha intsingiselo ngokupheleleyo: ukufunyanwa okuzinzileyo akukhathazi kangako kunentsha.

Xa iziphumo ze-ECG zinokulahlekisa

Iziphumo ezinokubonakala zingaqhelekanga

• Ukubekwa kwelothe endaweni engafanelekanga okanye ukutshintshwa kwemilenze ingalinganisa i-old infarction, i-axis shift okanye ide ibonise i-dextrocardia.
• Intshukumo, ukungcangcazela, ukungcangcazela okanye ii-electrode ezikhululekileyo inokulinganisa i-arrhythmia okanye ivelise isiseko sokuzulazula.
• Ukuphazamiseka kombane izixhobo ezikufutshane zinokugquma izinto ezifana ne-flutter okanye i-fibrillation.
• Iinguqulelo eziqhelekileyo ezifana nokubuyela kwe-repolarization kwangoko, i-sinus arrhythmia ngokuphefumla, kunye notshintsho olunxulumene nabadlali ludla ngokuchazwa njenge "engaqhelekanga" yisoftware.
• Ukuhlala komzimba, izicubu zamabele, ukutyeba kakhulu, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso emiphunga okanye ukudumba ii-voltages ezitshintshayo kunye nokubonakala kwe-ST-T.
• Ibhloko yesebe ehlanganisiweyo, isantya kunye nokukhuthaza kwangaphambili ukuphazamisa amacandelo e-ST, okwenza uvavanyo lwe-ischemia lungathembeki nge-ECG yomphezulu kuphela.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Electrolyte kunye ne-metabolic: ukungaqheleki kwe-potassium, i-calcium kunye ne-magnesium, kwaye amanye amayeza anokubangela utshintsho lwe-ST-T kunye ne-QT olungahambelani nesifo sentliziyo.

Izinto ezifunyenweyo ezinokubonakala ziqhelekile okanye ziqinisekisa

• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo kwangethuba: Ukulandelela kokuqala kunokuba yinto eqhelekileyo. Ukuphinda ii-ECG kunye novavanyo lwe-troponin kubalulekile ukuba iimpawu zibonisa ukuba une-acute coronary syndrome.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwendawo yangasemva okanye esecaleni ingaba lula kakhulu kwiileads ezisemgangathweni ezili-12.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwentliziyo okungapheliyo ziyanyamalala phakathi kweziqendu, ukuze umkhondo wokuphumla ubonakale uqhelekile.
• Isifo sentliziyo esizinzileyo ivelisa i-ECG yokuphumla eqhelekileyo nangona incipha kakhulu.
• Ukungaqheleki kokuqhuba isandi okanye isigqi esihamba ngesantya inokufihla utshintsho olutsha lwe-ischemic.

Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ugqirha ulinganisa i-ECG nebali lakho. Iimpawu eziqhubekayo okanye eziya zisiba mandundu zingaphezulu kuneempawu eziqhelekileyo.

Iingozi kunye nokhuseleko

I-ECG yokuphumla ene-12-lead

I-ECG ephumlileyo irekhoda imiqondiso yombane; ayingenisi umbane emzimbeni, ayisebenzisi mitha kwaye ayifuni naliti. Iingxaki ezisebenzayo zincinci: ukuba bomvu kwesikhumba okwethutyana okanye ukurhawuzelelwa yiglu, ukungakhululeki okuncinci xa iipads zisusiwe, ukungakhululeki ngenxa yokunqunyulwa kweenwele esifubeni, kwaye akusoloko kukho impendulo yolusu lwasekuhlaleni. Umngcipheko ophambili wezonyango awukho ngokwasemzimbeni kodwa kukutolika, ukulandelwa okungafanelekanga okanye ukutolikwa ngokugqithisileyo kunokukhokelela ekuxhalabeni okungeyomfuneko kunye novavanyo olongezelelweyo, okanye ekuqinisekisweni okungachanekanga.

Ukuzilolonga (uxinzelelo) ECG

I-ECG yoxinzelelo ineprofayili eyahlukileyo nephezulu yomngcipheko, kuba iyawonyusa ngabom umthwalo womsebenzi wentliziyo. Iziganeko ezingaqhelekanga kodwa eziqatshelwayo ziquka iintlungu zesifuba, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwentliziyo, utshintsho oluphawulekayo loxinzelelo lwegazi, ukuquleka, kwaye, kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, iziganeko ezinzulu zentliziyo. Yenziwa ngononophelo lwezonyango kunye neendawo zokuvuselela umzimba ezikhoyo, kwaye ayifanelekanga kuye wonke umntu, umzekelo kwi-acute coronary syndrome erhanelwayo, i-aortic stenosis enzima okanye i-arrhythmia engalawulekiyo. Iingxelo zokhuseleko ze-ECG yokuphumla azidluliseli kuvavanyo loxinzelelo.

Ukubeka esweni iHolter kunye ne-ambulatory

Iingozi zikhawulelwe kukurhawuzelelwa lusu ngenxa yokudibana kwe-electrode ixesha elide kunye nokuphazamiseka kokunxiba isixhobo. Ukuphumelela kokuxilongwa kuxhomekeke ekubeni iimpawu zivela kangaphi ngexesha lokujonga.

Iimeko ezikhethekileyo

Ukukhulelwa

Ukubetha kwentliziyo kunye nokungaphefumli kakuhle kuqhelekile xa ukhulelwe, kwaye i-ECG linyathelo lokuqala elifanelekileyo, elingenamitha. Utshintsho lwebhayoloji lutshintsha umkhondo, ngoko ke ukutolikwa okuqaphelayo kokukhulelwa kubalulekile. Isifo se-rheumatic valve esibonakala okokuqala xa ukhulelwe sibalulekile eIndiya, kwaye sidla ngokufuna i-echocardiography endaweni ye-ECG yodwa.

Abantwana kunye nentsha

Izikhokelo zabantwana kufuneka zifundwe ngokwemilinganiselo ethile yobudala. Uphando lufanelekile xa umntu equleka ngexesha lokuzilolonga, ukubetheka kwentliziyo okubangelwa kukuwa, okanye imbali yosapho yokufa ngequbuliso kwisalamane esiselula. Uvavanyo lwesifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso luxhomekeke kwi-echocardiography, kunye ne-ECG njengovavanyo oluxhasayo.

Abantu abadala abadala

Isifo se-Atrial fibrillation kunye nesifo sokuhambisa umoya siba yinto eqhelekileyo xa abantu bekhula, kwaye ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo kuhlala kuvela ngaphandle kwentlungu yesifuba eqhelekileyo, kunye nokungakwazi ukuphefumla, ukudideka okanye ukudinwa endaweni yoko. Ukulandelelana okudala kudla ngokubonisa iingxaki ezininzi ezifanayo, ngoko ke ukuthelekiswa nee-ECG zangaphambili kuluncedo kakhulu.

Diabetes

Isifo sentliziyo sinokuba sibi kakhulu kwaye singabi nazimpawu zingako kubantu abanesifo seswekile esidala, ngoko ke i-ECG eqhelekileyo akufuneki ithathwe njengesisombululo. Xoxa nogqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na impawu yokuzilolonga, nokuba incinci.

Isifo sezintso esingapheliyo kunye ne-dialysis

Utshintsho lwe-potassium kunye ne-calcium kwi-dialysis lunokutshintsha umkhondo, kwaye i-left ventricular hypertrophy ixhaphakile. Utshintsho lwe-ECG luyabonisa kodwa aluthathi indawo yovavanyo lwe-biochemical lokuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte.

Ukumelwa yintliziyo

I-ECG inceda ekuchongeni iingxaki zesingqisho kunye nokulibaziseka kokuqhuba kwegazi okufana ne-left bundle branch block, echaphazela izigqibo zesixhobo kunye nonyango. Ayilinganisi i-ejection fraction; i-echocardiography kunye novavanyo lwe-natriuretic peptide lusebenza ngaloo njongo.

Abadlali

Uqeqesho luvelisa utshintsho olubonakalayo lwe-ECG, kuquka isantya esicothayo kunye nokunyuka kwamandla ombane, okungesiso isifo. Ukwahlula oku kwi-cardiomyopathy okanye i-channelopathy kufuna imilinganiselo ethile yabadlali kunye nemifanekiso eyongezelelweyo.

I-electrocardiogram kwimeko yaseIndiya

• ukufumaneka: Oomatshini be-ECG baphakathi kwezixhobo zokuxilonga ezisasazwa kakhulu eIndiya, ezikhoyo kwizibhedlele zesithili, kwiikliniki ezincinci, kwiilabhoratri zokuxilonga nakwiindawo ezininzi zempilo eziphambili. Oku kwenza i-ECG ibe luvavanyo lokuqala olusebenzayo lombane kwiindawo zasezidolophini nasemaphandleni.
• Ulwimi kunye nokubiza amagama: Izigulana zihlala zisebenzisa "ECG" kunye "novavanyo lwe-echo" ngokutshintshana, kodwa ezi ziimviwo ezahlukeneyo, i-ECG irekhoda umbane, i-echo isebenzisa i-ultrasound kwisakhiwo somfanekiso kunye nomsebenzi. Cacisa ukuba yeyiphi eceliweyo.
• Isifo senhliziyo seRheumatic Ihlala iyeyona nto iphambili ebangela isifo sevalvu eIndiya, ingakumbi kubantu abadala abancinci. Ingabonisa i-atrial fibrillation okanye iipatheni zokukhulisa igumbi kwi-ECG, kodwa ukuxilongwa kunye nokubekwa kwamanqaku kufuna i-echocardiography.
• Isifo seCoronary xa usemncinci: Abantu baseMzantsi Asia badla ngokuba nesifo semithambo yegazi kwangethuba kwaye kwi-body mass index ephantsi kunabanye abantu abaninzi. Ubudala bodwa abufanele bunciphise ukurhanelwa, kwaye i-ECG yokuphumla eqhelekileyo ayifanele ithintele imbali yeempawu eziqinisekileyo.
• I-Anaemia, kuquka i-anemia yokunqongophala kwe-iron kunye nophawu lwe-thalassemia, luxhaphakile kwaye lunokubangela i-pulpitations, ukungakwazi ukuphefumla kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza, iimpawu ezinokubangela i-ECG. Uvavanyo lwegazi luyafuneka kunye.
• Iingxaki ze-thyroid ziimbangela eziqhelekileyo nezinokunyangeka ze-atrial fibrillation okanye i-sinus tachycardia efunyenwe kwi-ECG.
• I-Tele-ECG kunye neekhonkco zokudlulisela: Amaziko amaninzi amancinci athumela umkhondo ukuze kuxelwe kude. Phatha ushicilelo lokuqala okanye ifoto ecacileyo kuyo yonke intlanganiso, uthelekiso olulandelelanayo lutshintsha ngokwenene indlela etolikwa ngayo.
• Iiphakheji zovavanyo lwempilo Ngokuqhelekileyo faka i-ECG ephumlayo. Iingxelo zomatshini ezingaqhelekanga ezivela kwezi phakheji zizinto eziqhelekileyo ezibangela ixhala; thatha umkhondo uye kugqirha endaweni yokukhangela ibinzana kwi-intanethi.
• Ubumfihlo bedatha: Ukulandelelwa kwe-ECG kunye neengxelo yidatha yempilo yomntu. Phantsi koMthetho woKhuseleko lweDatha yoBuqu yeDijithali, ka-2023, naluphi na uhlobo lwedijithali, iphothali okanye usetyenziso oluqokelela iinkcukacha zakho kufuneka lukuxelele oko kuqokelelweyo kunye nesizathu, kwaye lufune imvume yakho.

Iindleko kunye ne-inshurensi, kunye nokuba yintoni echaphazela ixabiso eIndiya

I-ECG ephumlayo ene-12-lead yenye yezona phando zentliziyo zingabizi kakhulu ezikhoyo eIndiya, idla ngokubiza imali encinci kakhulu kune-echocardiogram, uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwe-treadmill okanye i-CT coronary angiography. Amaxabiso ayahluka kakhulu phakathi kwekliniki encinci, uthotho lokuxilonga kunye nesibhedlele esikhulu, kunye naphakathi kwezixeko.

Izinto ezichaphazela imali oyihlawulayo:

• Uhlobo lweziko, ilebhu ezimeleyo, ikhaya labalupheleyo, isibhedlele senkampani okanye iziko likarhulumente
• Isixeko kunye nendawo
• Nokuba i-ECG izimele okanye ifakwe kwiphakheji yokuhlolwa kwempilo okanye ngaphambi kotyando
• Ingaba kukho umrhumo wengxelo yengcali yentliziyo eyahlukileyo ukongeza kwirekhodi
• Nokuba uvavanyo lwenziwa kwicandelo likaxakeka okanye njengomntu olaliswe ngaphakathi, apho lunokuba yinxalenye yephakheji yokhathalelo olubanzi
• Iinkonzo ze-ECG ezingaphandle kweeyure zomsebenzi, ecaleni kwebhedi okanye zokuqokelelwa ekhaya
• Izongezo ezifana nokulandelela okuphindaphindwayo okanye okulandelelanayo, imicu yesingqisho okanye ukujonga iHolter okulandelayo

Kwi-inshorensi: uvavanyo lokuxilonga lwezigulane ezingalaliswanga ekhaya alusoloko lugutyungelwe yi-inshorensi yezempilo eqhelekileyo ngaphandle kokuba ipolisi ibandakanya i-OPD okanye isibonelelo sokuhlolwa kwempilo. Xa i-ECG yenziwa ngexesha lokungeniswa esibhedlele, igqunywe, idla ngokuba yinxalenye yebango. Ii-ECG zangaphambi kokuqashwa, i-inshorensi-yezonyango kunye nesatifikethi sokuqina komzimba zihlala zihlawulwa ngumfaki-sicelo okanye ngumqeshi. Qinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nomshwalense wakho okanye idesika ye-inshorensi yesibhedlele ngaphambi kovavanyo.

Iintsomi nezibakala

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Ngaba i-ECG ingaba yinto eqhelekileyo nokuba ndivalekile umthambo?

Ewe. I-ECG ephumlileyo ayibonisi imithambo yentliziyo, kwaye abantu abaninzi abanokuncipha okukhulu banokulandeleka okuqhelekileyo phakathi kweziqendu. Ukuba unengxaki yesifuba okanye uphelelwa ngumphefumlo, ugqirha wakho usenokucebisa uvavanyo olusebenzayo okanye i-CT coronary angiography nangona i-ECG iqhelekile.

Ingxelo yam ithi "utshintsho lwe-ST-T olungachazwanga". Ngaba kufuneka ndikhathazeke?

Eli binzana lithetha ukuba indlela yokuphinda uphazamiseke ayiqhelekanga ngokwencwadi kodwa ayibonisi ukuxilongwa okuthile. Izizathu ziquka ukwakheka komzimba, indawo yelothe, utshintsho lwe-electrolyte, amayeza kunye neendlela eziqhelekileyo. Ifuna ukuphononongwa kunye neempawu zakho, izinto ezinobungozi kunye nazo naziphi na iindlela zangaphambili, endaweni yokutolikwa okuzimeleyo.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-ECG kunye ne-Holter monitor?

I-ECG eqhelekileyo irekhoda malunga nemizuzwana elishumi yesingqisho, ngoko ke ibamba kuphela oko kwenzekayo ngelo xesha. I-Holter okanye i-patch monitor irekhoda rhoqo kangangeentsuku ukuya kwiiveki ezininzi, nto leyo ingcono kakhulu kwi-palpitations, i-blackouts okanye i-arrhythmias erhanelekayo efika ihambe.

Ithatha ixesha elingakanani yonke i-ECG appointment?

Ukurekhoda ngombane ngokwako kuthatha malunga nemizuzwana elishumi. Ukubekwa kwe-electrode, indawo kunye nokunxitywa kudla ngokwenza utyelelo olupheleleyo lube yimizuzu emihlanu ukuya kwelishumi. Kungathatha ixesha elide ebantwaneni, ukuba kufuneka ulandelelwano oluphindaphindwayo ngenxa yento ethile eshukumayo, okanye ukuba iinwele zesifuba zifuna ukunqunyulwa kuqala.

Ngaba i-ECG iyenzakalisa okanye isebenzisa imitha?

I-ECG ephumlayo ayisebenzisi misebe, ayinazinaliti kwaye ayinamahluko. Ii-electrode zinamathela nje eluswini. Uninzi lwabantu aluva nto ngaphandle kokutsala kancinci xa ii-adhesive pads zixotyulwe, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ulusu luba bomvu okanye lurhawuzelelwe kancinci kwiindawo ze-electrode.

Ingaba i-ECG ikhuselekile ukuba ndine-pacemaker?

Ewe, kwaye kudla ngokwenziwa ngokukodwa ukujonga indlela esebenza ngayo i-pacemaker. Xelela ingcali ngayo nayiphi na isixhobo esifakelweyo, kuba ukulandelwa kwesantya kufundwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Uphando olusemthethweni lwesixhobo oluqhutywa liqela le-cardiology lubonelela ngolwazi malunga nomphezulu we-ECG ca.