Mane

Kumvetsetsa Melena: Zomwe Zimayambitsa, Zizindikiro, Matenda, ndi Chithandizo

Introduction

Melena amatanthauza kutuluka kwa chimbudzi chakuda, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala chisonyezero cha kutuluka kwa magazi m'mimba. Mtundu wakuda wa chopondapo umayamba chifukwa cha okosijeni wamagazi akamadutsa m'mimba. Melena akhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda aakulu ndipo amafunika kuunika mwamsanga ndi wothandizira zaumoyo. M'nkhaniyi, tiona zomwe zimayambitsa, zizindikiro, matenda, ndi chithandizo cha melena kukuthandizani kumvetsa chizindikiro ichi chomwe chingakhale chowopsya.

Kodi Melena Amayambitsa Chiyani?

Melena nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha magazi kuchokera kumtunda kwa m'mimba, komwe magazi amagayidwa ndikusinthidwa ndi michere ya m'mimba. Zomwe zimayambitsa melena ndizo:

1. Zilonda Zam'mimba

• Zilonda zam'mimba kapena Duodenal: Tsegulani zilonda mu akalowa m`mimba kapena duodenum (gawo loyamba la matumbo aang`ono) akhoza magazi, kutsogolera kwa melena. Zilondazi nthawi zambiri zimayamba chifukwa cha matenda a mabakiteriya a Helicobacter pylori kapena kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali mankhwala oletsa kutupa (NSAIDs).

2. Mitsempha Yam'mero

• Kutuluka magazi m'mimba: Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi, mitsempha yam'mimba imatha kukulitsidwa ndikutha kusweka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale magazi ambiri komanso melena.

3. Gastritis

• Kutupa kwa Khomo la M'mimba: Kutupa m'mimba, chifukwa cha matenda, kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yaitali NSAIDs, kungayambitse magazi ndi melena.

4. Mallory-Weiss Misozi

• Matenda a m'mimba: Kusanza kwambiri kapena kutulutsa misozi kungayambitse misozi mu mucous nembanemba pamphambano ya m'mimba ndi kum'mero, kumabweretsa magazi ndi melena.

5. Khansa

• Khansa Yam'mimba: Khansa yam'mimba, esophagus, kapena colon imatha kutulutsa magazi, omwe amatha kuwoneka ngati melena.

6. Kuwonongeka kwa Mitsempha ya Magazi

• Angiodysplasia: Mitsempha yosadziwika bwino ya m'mimba imatha kuphulika ndikuyambitsa magazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti melena ikhale.

Zizindikiro Zogwirizana

Melena nthawi zambiri amatsagana ndi zizindikiro zina zokhudzana ndi kutuluka kwa m'mimba. Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• Kufooka kapena kutopa chifukwa cha kutaya magazi
• Kupweteka kwa m'mimba kapena kusapeza bwino
• Mseru kapena kusanza, makamaka ngati masanzi ali ndi magazi (hematemesis)
• Vertigo kapena chizungulire, makamaka pa kuyimirira
• Palpitations kapena kugunda kwamtima mwachangu (tachycardia)
• Paleness kapena kukomoka

Nthawi Yoyenera Kukalandira Chithandizo Chamankhwala

Melena ndi chizindikiro chachikulu chomwe chimafuna chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu. Muyenera kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala ngati:

• Mumaona chimbudzi chakuda chomwe chimatuluka ndi fungo loipa.
• Mumamva zizindikiro za kutaya magazi, monga kufooka, chizungulire, kapena kugunda kwa mtima mofulumira.
• Pali mbiri yazovuta zam'mimba monga zilonda zam'mimba, zilonda zam'mimba, kapena matenda a chiwindi.
• Mumasanza magazi kapena mukuwona magazi m'masanzi anu (hematemesis).

Kuzindikira kwa Melena

Kuti adziwe chomwe chimayambitsa melena, wothandizira zaumoyo adzafufuza bwinobwino, kuphatikizapo:

• Kufufuza Kwambiri: Dokotala adzayang'ana zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa magazi (kuchepa kwa magazi), kutentha kwa m'mimba, kapena zizindikiro zina zakuthupi za kutaya magazi.
• Kuyeza Magazi: Kuyezetsa magazi kumatha kuwunika kuchuluka kwa magazi, kuyang'ana kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, ndikupereka zidziwitso kuzinthu zomwe zili ngati matenda a chiwindi kapena matenda.
• Endoscopy: Kumtunda kwa m'mimba endoscopy (EGD) nthawi zambiri kumachitika kuti muwone zam'mimba, m'mimba, ndi duodenum komwe kumatuluka magazi, monga zilonda zam'mimba kapena zilonda zam'mimba.
• CT Jambulani: CT scan ya pamimba ingathe kuchitidwa ngati gwero la magazi silikuwonekera mwamsanga kuchokera ku endoscopy kapena mayesero ena.
• Mayeso a Stool: Zitsanzo za ndowe zikhoza kuyesedwa magazi amatsenga, zomwe zingathandize kutsimikizira kukhalapo kwa magazi a m'mimba.

Njira Zochizira Melena

Chithandizo cha melena chimadalira chomwe chimayambitsa. Cholinga chachikulu ndikuletsa kutuluka kwa magazi, kuthana ndi vuto lomwe limayambitsa, komanso kupewa zovuta monga kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi kapena mantha. Njira zochiritsira zikuphatikizapo:

1. Mankhwala

• Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): Ma PPI amathandizira kuchepetsa asidi am'mimba ndikulimbikitsa machiritso ngati zilonda zam'mimba kapena gastritis.
• mankhwala: Ngati kutuluka kwa magazi kumayambitsidwa ndi matenda (mwachitsanzo, H. pylori), maantibayotiki akhoza kuperekedwa.
• Vasopressors: Pamitsempha yam'mitsempha, ma vasopressors atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbitsa mitsempha yamagazi ndikuchepetsa magazi.

2. Endoscopic Therapy

• Endoscopic Hemostasis: Pakakhala zilonda zamagazi kapena zotupa, njira zama endoscopic monga cauterization kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ma band ligatures zimatha kuyimitsa magazi.

3. Opaleshoni

• Kuchita Opaleshoni: Ngati magazi sangathe kulamuliridwa ndi mankhwala kapena endoscopy, opaleshoni ingakhale yofunikira kuchotsa gwero la magazi, monga chilonda kapena chotupa.

4. Kuikidwa Magazi

• Kuthira magazi: Ngati magazi atayika kwambiri, pangafunikire kuikidwa magazi kuti abwezeretse maselo ofiira a magazi ndi kupewa kugwedezeka.

Nthano ndi Zowona Zokhudza Melena

Bodza loyamba: "Melena nthawi zonse amayamba chifukwa cha zilonda zam'mimba."

Zoona: Ngakhale zilonda zam'mimba ndizomwe zimayambitsa melena, matenda ena am'mimba monga varices, khansara, kapena kutuluka kwa m'mimba kuchokera kuzinthu zina zingayambitsenso zimbudzi zakuda.

Bodza lachiwiri: "Ngati melena atsimikiza yekha, sizowopsa."

Zoona: Ngakhale melena atakhala bwino kapena athetsa popanda chithandizo, zikhoza kusonyeza vuto lalikulu la thanzi lomwe lingafunike chithandizo chamankhwala kuti ateteze mavuto amtsogolo.

Zovuta za Kunyalanyaza Melena

Ngati melena sichimathandizidwa, imatha kuyambitsa zovuta zazikulu, monga:

• Kutaya magazi kwambiri ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi
• Kudzidzimuka chifukwa cha magazi ambiri
• Kuphulika kwa m'mimba thirakiti (zowopsa, monga zilonda zam'mimba)
• Kuipiraipira kwa pansi m`mimba zinthu

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri (FAQs)

1. Kodi melena ingayambitsidwe ndi nkhawa?

Kupanikizika kumatha kuyambitsa zovuta zam'mimba monga zilonda zam'mimba kapena gastritis, zomwe zingayambitse melena. Komabe, kupsinjika kokha sikumayambitsa mwachindunji melena; nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zochitika zakuthupi zomwe zimabweretsa kutuluka kwa magazi m'mimba.

2. Kodi melena imakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Kutalika kwa melena kumadalira kuopsa kwa zomwe zimayambitsa. Ngati mutalandira chithandizo mwamsanga, zizindikirozo zimatha m'masiku ochepa. Komabe, kutaya magazi kosachiritsika kungapitirire kapena kuwonjezereka, zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto.

3. Kodi ndingathe kuchiza melena kunyumba?

Melena amafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakhala chizindikiro cha kutaya magazi kwambiri m'mimba. Zochizira kunyumba sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza melena. Ndikofunika kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala kuti mupeze matenda oyenera ndi chithandizo.

4. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa melena ndi hematochezia?

Melena amatanthauza chimbudzi chakuda, chochedwa chifukwa chotuluka magazi kuchokera kumtunda kwa m'mimba, pamene hematochezia imatanthawuza kutuluka kwa magazi ofiira kwambiri mu chopondapo, makamaka chifukwa cha kutuluka magazi m'munsi mwa m'mimba.

5. Kodi melena angakhale chizindikiro cha khansa?

Inde, melena ikhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha khansa ya m'mimba, makamaka m'mimba, m'mimba, kapena m'matumbo. Ngati melena imatsagana ndi zizindikiro zina monga kuwonda, kusintha kwa matumbo, kapena kupweteka kwa m'mimba kosalekeza, kuyezetsa kwina kumafunika.

Kutsiliza

Melena ndi chizindikiro chachikulu chomwe nthawi zambiri chimasonyeza kutuluka kwa magazi m'mimba. Ndikofunika kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala ngati muwona chimbudzi chakuda, chakuda kapena mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zina za kutaya magazi. Ndi matenda achangu ndi chithandizo, chomwe chimayambitsa melena nthawi zambiri chimatha kuyendetsedwa, kupewa zovuta komanso kukonza thanzi labwino.