Anesthesia : Mitundu, Zowopsa, Zotsatira zake ndi Zomwe Amayembekezera

Kuti achite opaleshoni yaikulu iliyonse, m’pofunika kuti wodwala asungidwe chikomokere chifukwa chamankhwala. General anesthesia ndi mkhalidwe wa analgesia pomwe wodwala amasiya kuzindikira chifukwa chake dokotala amatha kuchita opaleshoni wodwala mosavuta. Izi ndizofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti wodwalayo achitidwa opaleshoni yopanda ululu chifukwa ubongo wa anesthetized sulandira zizindikiro za ululu.

Ndani amalimbikitsa mtundu wa opaleshoni yofunikira kwa wodwala?

Dokotala (Dokotala wa opaleshoni kapena dokotala wochita opaleshoni) amalimbikitsa mtundu wabwino kwambiri wa opaleshoni yomwe ingagwirizane ndi zofunikira za munthu pa opaleshoni malinga ndi thanzi la wodwalayo komanso zomwe amakonda opaleshoni. Mtundu wa opaleshoniyo umadalira mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo ndipo chosankha chomaliza chopereka mtundu wa opaleshoni yamtundu uliwonse chingakhale cha wogonetsayo.

Mwachitsanzo, pa opaleshoni yaying'ono, simukusowa kuti muperekedwe ndi anesthesia. Pankhaniyi, opaleshoni yam'deralo imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, momwe gawo lina la thupi limapangidwira dzanzi. General anesthesia akulimbikitsidwa njira zazikulu za opaleshoni. Izi zikuphatikizapo opaleshoni yomwe imatenga nthawi yaitali, ndipo imataya magazi kwambiri.

Kodi mitundu ya anesthesia ndi iti?

Mitundu itatu yayikulu ya anesthesia imagwiritsidwa ntchito pachipatala chilichonse komanso kuchipatala. Tiyeni tiwone iwo:

General Opaleshoni

General Anesthesia ndi gawo limene wodwalayo amalephera kulamulira maganizo ake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti awonongeke kwathunthu. Chikomokere chochititsidwa ndimankhwala choterechi ndichofunikira kuti munthu achite maopaleshoni akuluakulu osapweteka. General opaleshoni makamaka Chili mpweya mpweya ndi mtsempha mankhwala.

Anesthesia Wachigawo

Mtundu uwu wa anesthesia umapangitsa dzanzi kumunsi kwa thupi. Regional Anesthesia imagawidwanso mu epidural ndi spiral, ndi mitsempha yoletsa opaleshoni. The epidural anesthesia amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuchepetsa ululu panthawi ya opaleshoni ya m'munsi ndi yobereka. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mankhwala oletsa kupweteka kwa spiral amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita maopaleshoni apansi pamimba ndi miyendo.

Anesthesia Yam'deralo

Anesthesia ya m'deralo imaperekedwa makamaka kuti achite opaleshoni yaing'ono kapena njira yachipatala mopanda ululu pamene wodwalayo akadali maso. Ndi jakisoni wanthawi imodzi yemwe amapangitsa dzanzi gawo linalake la thupi ndipo amathandiza pa ntchito monga kusokera chodulidwa, kukonza fupa, kapena kupukuta khungu. biopsy.

Kutha

Zomwe zimatchedwanso "Monitored anesthesia care", ndi zomwe anthu akhala akuzitchula kale kuti "kumadzulo". Mankhwala amaperekedwa, nthawi zambiri kudzera mu IV, kuti wodwala azitha kugona komanso kumasuka. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya sedation ndi yotheka, malingana ndi mtundu wa ndondomeko ndi zomwe wodwalayo amakonda.

Kuphatikiza General ndi Epidural Anesthesia

Imeneyi ndi njira yophatikizira yomwe imakupangitsani kugona ndikupereka kupweteka, osati panthawi ya ndondomeko, koma pambuyo pake. Kuyika kwa epidural catheter kumakulolani kuti mupitirizebe kupweteka pambuyo pa opaleshoni, zomwe zingakuthandizeni kugona ndikuyenda bwino pambuyo pa opaleshoni. Mtundu uwu wa anesthesia umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazochitika zazikulu za m'mimba ndi thoracic (chifuwa). Catheter ya epidural ikhoza kusiyidwa m'malo kwa masiku angapo mutatha opaleshoni yanu.

Zowopsa ndi anesthesia wamba

General anesthesia nthawi zambiri imakhala yotetezeka ndipo imaperekedwa kwa odwala omwe akudwala. Ngati munthu ali ndi vuto lina lililonse lazaumoyo, ndiye kuti kuwongolera kwa anesthesia kumatha kukhala kowopsa. Onani zina mwazinthu zomwe zingayambitse vuto la anesthesia inhalation:

• Kwa okalamba, kugwiritsa ntchito anesthesia kungayambitse zotsatira zoipa.
• Zotsatira izi zingaphatikizepo matenda amtima, chisokonezo, Chilonda, ndi chibayo.
• Zinthu zochepa zomwe zingapangitse chiopsezo chachikulu kwa wodwala opaleshoni ndi anesthesia wamba ndikuphatikizapo kugwidwa, uchidakwa, kusuta fodya, mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• Matenda a impso, mtima, ndi mapapo omwe alipo
• Mkhalidwe ngati kunenepa
• Anthu okhala ndi matenda obisala ogona Zingayambitsenso chiopsezo chachikulu cha zotsatira zoipa za anesthesia.

Chidziwitso chosayembekezereka cha intraoperative- Vuto lalikulu la anesthesia inhalation

Matendawa ndi osowa pamene wodwala amanenedwa kuti ali ndi chidziwitso pamene akuchitidwa opaleshoni. Kuzindikira kosayembekezereka kwa intraoperative kumapangitsa kuti wodwalayo adziwe bwino pakati pa opaleshoniyo. Ndizochitika zachilendo kwambiri, ndipo akuti munthu mmodzi mwa odwala 1 omwe akuchitidwa opaleshoni nthawi zambiri amatha kubwera panthawi yodziwitsa anthu zachipatala.

Popeza matendawa ndi osowa, choncho, n'zovuta kuti akatswiri adziwe chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa. Nazi zinthu zina zomwe zimayenderana ndi chidziwitso chokongola:

• Mavuto a mtima ndi mapapo
• Kusokonezeka maganizo
• Kutumiza kwa Kaisara
• Kumwa mowa
• Mlingo wochepa wa anesthesia
• Opaleshoni yadzidzidzi
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala enaake
• Kulakwitsa kwapamanja kochitidwa ndi dotolo kapena wogonetsa

Zotsatira zoyipa za anesthesia ndi chiyani?

Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, wodwala akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zingapo, kuphatikizapo:

• nseru
• Chikhure
• chizungulire
• Kusokoneza
• Ululu m'dera opareshoni
• mutu & Kupweteka kwa Minofu
• Matenda
• Kuvuta kukodza
• kusanza
• Kusokonezeka

Ngati mumasuta, madokotala ogonetsa anthu amalangiza kuti musiye. Kusiya osachepera sabata imodzi musanayambe opaleshoni yokonzekera ndikulimbikitsidwa. Odwala omwe amasuta amakhala ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha matenda a zilonda, chibayo, kupuma ndi mavuto a mtima mkati ndi pambuyo pa opaleshoni. Zina mwa zoopsa za anesthesia ya m'dera zingaphatikizepo mutu, matenda, kutuluka magazi, kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha, kulephera kwa mankhwala ndi mankhwala. Zowopsa izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa kwambiri.

Nthawi yokaonana ndi dokotala?

Ngati wodwala akumana ndi zovuta zomwe tazitchulazi, atangochitidwa opaleshoni, ayenera kukanena kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Pemphani nthawi yokumana ku Apollo Hospitals

Zinthu zomwe muyenera kuyembekezera musanayambe kapena pambuyo pa opaleshoni

Ngati mwachitidwa opaleshoni m'masiku angapo otsatira, ndiye izi ndi zomwe mungayembekezere musanayambe komanso pambuyo pa opaleshoni ya anesthesia.

Pamaso pa opaleshoni ndondomeko makonzedwe

Musanachite opareshoni, dokotala wogonetsa wodwala adzakufunsani mafunso okhudza momwe mulili ndi thanzi labwino, mbiri yakale ya thanzi lanu, ngati muli ndi mtundu uliwonse wa ziwengo, mankhwala omwe munapatsidwa, zakudya zanu, ndi zomwe munachita opaleshoni m'mbuyomu. Izi zidzathandiza dokotala wogonetsa kuti apende mtundu wa anesthesia yomwe ingaperekedwe m'thupi lanu.

Pambuyo pa ndondomeko ya anesthesia

Opaleshoniyo ikangotha, wogonetsa kapena dokotala wa opaleshoni amatembenuza makonzedwe a mankhwala kuti adzutse wodwalayo. Zimatenga nthawi kuti wodwalayo akhale ndi chidziwitso m'chipinda chochira kapena chopangira opaleshoni. Komanso, wodwala akayamba kuzindikira, amamva chizungulire komanso kusokonezeka.

Atha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa monga kuuma kwa mkamwa, kusanza, kuwawa kwa minofu, kuyabwa, nseru, zilonda zapakhosi, kumva mawu pang'ono, ndi kugona. Komanso, pamene zotsatira za pambuyo pa opaleshoni zimachepetsa, wodwalayo amamva ululu wopweteka chifukwa cha mabala ndi mabala omwe amapangidwa m'thupi la wodwalayo panthawi ya opaleshoni.

Kutsiliza

Pali mankhwala angapo oletsa ululu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga opaleshoni. Mankhwala osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga opaleshoni, yomwe imapereka zotsatira zofala, kuphatikizapo amnesia, analgesia, ndi kusasuntha.

Ngati muli ndi mafunso ambiri okhudza njira za anesthesia, ndiye.

Ibibazo

Zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti anesthesia igwire ntchito?

Mphamvu ya anesthesia imayamba mwachangu, chifukwa imayika wodwala kukomoka kwakanthawi mkati mwa masekondi 30.

Kodi munthu amasiya kupuma ali mumkhalidwe wokomoka?

Ayi. Kupuma kumangokhala kupsinjika maganizo, ndipo chubu chopumira chimalowetsedwa m'kamwa mwa wodwalayo kuti atsimikizire kupuma kwabwino.

Kodi ndingasankhe mtundu wa mankhwala ogonetsa oti nditumizidwe m'thupi langa?

Ayi. Chigamulochi chikutengedwa ndi dokotala wogonetsa kapena wochita opaleshoni. Komanso, zimatengera njira ya opaleshoni yomwe mudzakhala mukuchita.