Whakamātautau mate kohi

Overview

Ko te mate kohi (TB) he mate huakita i puta mai i te Mycobacterium tuberculosis, e pā ana ki ngā pukahukahu engari ka taea te horapa ki ētahi atu wāhanga o te tinana. Kei roto i te whakamātautau kohi he whānuitanga o ngā tikanga tātaritanga e aro ana ki te kite i te mate TB. He mea nui te kite wawe hei ārai i te horapa o te TB me te whakarite kia tere te maimoatanga. He mea nui ēnei whakamātautau mō te hunga e tino mōrearea ana, pērā i te hunga e tata ana ki ngā tūroro TB, ngā tāngata rānei he ngoikore te pūnaha ārai mate.

He aha te Whakamātautau mo te Mate Kohi?

Mā te whakamātautau mate kohi ka kitea mēnā kua pangia te tangata e te Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ko ngā whakamātautau tino noa ko:

• Whakamātautau Kiri Tuberculin (TST): Ko te werohanga he iti noa o te pūmua parakore (PPD) ki roto i te kiri. Ka tirohia i muri i ngā hāora 48-72 mō ngā tohu o te tauhohenga (induration).
• Ngā Whakamātautau Tukunga Interferon-Gamma (IGRA): Ko ngā whakamātautau toto pēnei i te QuantiFERON-TB Gold, te T-SPOT.TB rānei, e ine ana i te urupare ārai mate ki ngā antigens TB.
• Ngā whakamātautau hihi-X o te uma me te huware: Whakamahia hei tātaritanga i te mate kohi hohe mā te kimi i ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te pukahukahu me ngā huakita kohi i roto i te huware.

He motuhake ngā mahi a ia whakamātautau, i runga i te whakapae kei te pangia te mate TB huna (LTBI) te mate TB hohe rānei.

Te Hiranga o te Whakamaori Hua Whakamatau

He mea nui te whakamārama tika i ngā hua o te whakamātautau mate kohi mō te tautuhi me te whakamahere maimoatanga:

• TST pai, IGRA rānei: He tohu mō te mate kohi engari kāore e tohu ana he mate hohe tonu. Me whai whakamātautau anō, pērā i te hihi-X o te uma, te tātari huware rānei, hei whakakore i te mate kohi hohe tonu.
• TST kino, IGRA rānei: Kāore e kīia ana he mate pāwera, ahakoa ka puta pea ngā hua kino teka i roto i te hunga ngoikore te pūnaha ārai mate.
• He hihi-X o te uma rerekē: E kī ana he mate kohi kaha, he mate pūkahukahu rānei e hiahia ana kia arotakehia anō.

Te Awhe Noa mō ngā Hua Whakamātautau Mate Kohi

Tauhohenga TST: Ka inehia te rahi o te whakapūmautanga ki ngā mirimita (mm).

• 5 mm, nui atu rānei: He pai mō ngā tāngata mōrearea nui (hei tauira, ngā tūroro HIV-pai).
• 10 mm, nui atu rānei: He pai mō ngā tāngata mōrearea-waenga (hei tauira, ngā kaimahi hauora).
• 15 mm, nui atu rānei: Pai mō ngā tāngata iti te mōrearea.

IGRA: Kino, pai rānei i runga i ngā paepae taiwhanga.

Ngā Whakamahinga o te Whakamātautau Kohi

Ka whakamahia ngā whakamātautau TB mō:

• Te tirotiro i nga roopu morearea nui: Te tautuhi i te mate i roto i ngā kaimahi hauora, i ngā manene, i ngā hoa tata rānei o ngā tūroro TB.
• Te Tātaritanga o te TB Hohe: Te whakaū i te mate i roto i ngā tāngata whai tohumate.
• Aroturuki Maimoatanga: Te aromatawai i te urupare ki te rongoā anti-TB.
• Nga Mahi Hauora Tūmatanui: Te whakahaere i te horapa o te mate kohi i roto i ngā hapori.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō te whakamātautau mate kohi

Ko te whakarite e whakawhirinaki ana ki te momo whakamātautau e mahia ana:

• TST: Me whakamōhio atu ki te kaiwhakarato hauora mō ngā whakamātautau TB o mua, te werohanga BCG rānei. Kaua e rakuraku, e hipoki rānei i te wāhi i whakamātautauhia.
• Ngā IGRA: Kāore he whakaritenga motuhake e hiahiatia ana, engari me whakarite kia mahia te whakamātautau i tētahi taiwhanga pono.
• Ngā Whakamātautau X-Ray o te Uma, te Huware rānei: Whāia ngā tohutohu mō te nohopuku, te whakarato tauira rānei i ngā wā kua whakaritea.

Te Tukanga Whakamātautau

He rerekē te tukanga i runga i te momo whakamātautau:

• TST: Ka werohia he iti noa te PPD ki raro i te kiri o te ringaringa. Ka tirohia te wāhi i muri i ngā haora 48-72 mō tētahi tauhohenga.
• Ngā IGRA: Ka tangohia he tauira toto, ā, ka tātarihia i roto i te taiwhanga hei ine i te urupare ārai mate.
• Auma X-Ray: Ka tū, ka takoto rānei te tūroro i te wā e tangohia ana he hihi-X o te uma.
• Ngā Whakamātautau Huware: Ka tukuna he tauira huware ki te tūroro, ā, ka tātarihia mō ngā huakita TB.

Nga Tikanga e Whakaawe ana i nga Hua Whakamatau

He maha ngā āhuatanga ka pā ki te tika o te whakamātautau TB:

• Werohanga BCG: Tērā pea ka puta he hua teka i roto i te TST.
• Te aukati mate: Ka taea e ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te HIV, te whakamahi rongoā rānei te arahi ki ngā hua kino teka.
• Wā Whakamātautau: Kāore pea e taea te kite i te pānga tata nei, te pangia rānei i te wā tino wawe.
• Tikanga Whakamatau: Ka pā pea ngā rerekētanga o te hangarau ki ngā hua.

Te whakahaere i nga hua rereke

Me arotake anō ngā hua pai o te whakamātautau hei whakaū i te mate kohi hohe, te mate huna rānei:

• Mate Kohi Ngaro (LTBI): Te rongoā ārai mate ki te isoniazid, ki te rifampin rānei hei whakaiti i te mōrearea o te haere whakamua ki te mate hohe.
• Mate kohi hohe: Te whakakotahitanga o te rongoā me ngā rongoā pēnei i te isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, me te ethambutol. Me piri pūmau ki te rongoā hei ārai i te ātete ki te rongoā.

Ngā Painga o te Whakamātautau Kohi

• Rapunga Moata: Ka tautuhi i te mate kohi i mua i te putanga mai o ngā tohu.
• Ka aukati i te horahanga: Āwhina ki te whakahaere i te horapa i roto i ngā taupori mōrearea nui.
• Kaiārahi maimoatanga: Ka whakarato i ngā mōhiotanga nui mō te rongoā kua whakaritea.
• Ngā Aroturuki Hauora Tūmatanui: Ka whai i ngā ia o te mate kohi hei whakamōhio i ngā rautaki ārai.

Ngā Pātai Auau mō te Whakamātautau Kohi

1. He aha te whakamātautau mate kohi, ā, he aha i hiranga ai?

   Mā ngā whakamātautau TB ka kitea te mate o te Mycobacterium tuberculosis. He mea nui ēnei hei tautuhi i te mate TB huna, TB kaha rānei, kia taea ai te rongoā wawe me te ārai i te horapa o te mate, inā koa i roto i ngā taupori mōrearea nui.

2. Me pēhea te whakahaere i te whakamātautau mate kohi?

   Tērā pea ka uru atu ki te whakamātautau he whakamātautau kiri (TST), he whakamātautau toto (IGRA), he hihi-X o te uma, he tātaritanga huware rānei. Ka whiriwhiria ia tikanga i runga i ngā tohumate o te tūroro, ngā āhuatanga mōrearea, me ngā hiahia tātaritanga.

3. Me whakarite ahau mō te whakamātautau mate kohi?

   Ko te whakarite kei runga i te momo whakamātautau. Mō te TST, kaua e rakuraku i te wāhi whakamātautau. He iti noa te whakarite e hiahiatia ana mō ngā IGRA me ngā hihi-X o te uma. Whāia ngā tohutohu motuhake i whakaratohia e tō kaiwhakarato hauora.

4. He aha te tikanga o ngā hua pai o te whakamātautau mate kohi?

   Ko ngā hua pai e tohu ana i te mate kohi engari kāore e tohu i te mate hohe. Me whai whakamātautau atu anō, pērā i te hihi-X o te uma, te tātari huware rānei, hei whakaū i te mate kohi hohe.

5. Ka taea e te whakamātautau te kite i te mate kohi huna?

   Ae, ka taea e te TST me te IGRA te kite i te mate TB huna. Heoi, kāore e taea e ēnei whakamātautau te wehewehe i waenga i te mate TB huna me te mate TB hohe; me arotake anō.

6. He mōrearea kei roto i ngā whakamātautau mate kohi?

   He haumaru te nuinga o ngā whakamātautau TB. Tērā pea ka pāngia te kiri e te mumura ngawari, e te pupuhi rānei i te TST. He iti noa iho ngā mōrearea o te tango toto mō ngā IGRA, pērā i te marō, te mamae rānei.

7. Ka pāngia ngā hua o te whakamātautau e te werohanga?

   Ae, ka taea e te werohanga BCG te whakaputa hua TST teka-pai. He pai ake ngā IGRA mō te hunga kua werohangahia nā te mea kāore rātou e pāngia e te werohanga.

8. Kia pehea te roa ka whiwhi hua?

   Ka wātea ngā hua TST i roto i ngā hāora 48-72. Ko ngā hua IGRA e 24-48 hāora te roa, engari ko ngā hua o te whakamātautau hihi-X o te uma me te huware ka roa pea i ētahi rā.

9. Ka aha mēnā ka kitea he mate kohi (TB)?

   Mena ka kitea te mate kohi, ka whakamahia he huinga o ngā paturopi hei rongoā mō ngā marama 6-9. He mea nui te piri ki te tikanga rongoā hei ārai i te ātete ki te rongoā, hei whakarite hoki i te ora.

10. Kia pēhea te auau o ngā whakamātautau mō ngā tāngata mōrearea nui?

    Me whakamātauhia ia tau te hunga e tino mōrearea ana, pērā i ngā kaimahi hauora, i ngā hoa tata rānei o ngā tūroro TB, i runga anō i ngā taunakitanga a tō rātou kaiwhakarato hauora.

Opaniraa

He mea nui ngā whakamātautau mate kohi hei tātaritanga me te whakahaere i te mate me te mate kohi. Mā te tautuhi wawe i te mate kohi, ka āwhina ēnei whakamātautau ki te aukati i ngā raruraru, ki te whakahaere i te horapa o te mate, me te ārahi i ngā rautaki maimoatanga whai hua. Ahakoa mā ngā whakamātautau kiri, ngā whakamātautau toto, ngā whakaahua rānei, ko te whakamātautau kohi te tūāpapa o te hauora tūmatanui me te tiaki takitahi, e whakarite ana i ngā putanga pai ake mō ngā tūroro me ngā hapori.