Whakautu tika
Ko te Tatau Toto Katoa (CBC) he whakamātautau toto e ine ana i ngā toto whero, te haemoglobin, ngā toto mā me ngā pereti toto. Ka āwhina te CBC ki te kite i te anemia, te mate, te mumura, te hiahia ki te toto me ngā mate pukupuku toto, ā, ka whakamahia hei aroturuki i te maimoatanga. Ko te CBC he whakamātautau tirotiro me te tauira, kāore e whakahua i te mate i a ia anō.
Take take
- Ka tatau, ka whakaahua hoki te CBC i ngā pūtau toto; kāore te CBC e tautuhi i te pūtake o tētahi tatau rerekē.
- Kāore te CBC noa e tohu i ngā mate kino, tae atu ki ngā mate pukupuku maha, te ngoikore o te rino i te wā tōmua, ngā mate toto totoka, te āhuatanga rānei o te thalassemia.
- Kāore e hiahiatia ana te nohopuku mō te CBC anake, engari ko ngā tohutohu a tō taiwhanga te mea nui, ina koa mēnā ka tuhia ētahi atu whakamātautau ki runga i te tauira kotahi.
- He rerekē ngā awhe tohutoro i waenga i ngā taiwhanga, i ngā taputapu tātari, i ngā rōpū tau, ira tangata, i te hāputanga me te teitei, me pānui tonu tō pūrongo ki te awhe kua tāia ki runga.
- I Īnia, ko te korenga o te rino, te thalassemia me ngā āhuatanga o te hemoglobin E, te dengue, te malaria me te mate kohi, koinei katoa ngā mea e whakatau ana i te whakamāramatanga o te CBC.
I te titiro
| Āhuahira | taipitopito |
|---|---|
| tauira | He toto uaua i roto i te ngongo EDTA (papa papura); he wero rekereke, he wero matihao rānei ka whakamahia i ētahi wā ki ngā pēpi hou me ngā tamariki nohinohi |
| Te nohopuku | Kāore e hiahiatia ana mō te CBC anake; whai i ngā tohutohu a tō waeine mēnā ka whakakotahihia ētahi atu whakamātautau. |
| Te wā mō te tango toto | Tata ki te 2-5 meneti te roa, tāpiri atu ki te rēhitatanga me te wā tatari |
| Te wā i roto i te taiwhanga | Ka tukatukahia e ngā tātari aunoa te CBC i roto i ngā meneti; ko te roa o te pūrongo e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tukanga mahi a te waeine me te mea e hiahiatia ana he arotake ā-ringa mō te paninga. |
| Nga waahanga matua | Hemoglobin, tatau RBC, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, WBC katoa me te rerekētanga, tatau pereti toto, MPV |
| He aha tāna e whakautu ai | He noa te maha me te rahi o ngā pūtau toto? He tauira kei te tohu i te toto toto iti, te mate pāwera, te raruraru rānei o te hinu toto? |
| He aha kāore e whakautua | He aha i rerekē ai ngā tatau; mēnā he mate tetahi okana; mēnā kei reira te mate pukupuku |
| Te Ngarenga | Wero poto noa i te ngira; he mea noa te marutanga i te wāhi ka tau |
E mohiotia ano ko
- Whakamātautau CBC
- Te tatau toto katoa (FBC)
- Hemogram, he hemogram katoa rānei
- CBC me te tatau rerekētanga / CBC me te DC
- Te whakamātautau toto mō te Hb, "khoon ki jaanch" / "whakamātautau toto mō te Hb" i roto i te whakamahinga o ia rā
- He whakamātautau Hb, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i Inia, ahakoa ko te haemoglobin tētahi wāhanga noa iho o te CBC
He aha te tikanga o te tatau toto katoa
Ka ine te Tatau Toto Katoa i ngā aho pūtau e toru i hangaia e te hinu wheua, ā, ka tukuna ki roto i te toto.
- Ngā pūtau toto whero (RBC): ka haria te hāora. E whakaatu ana te CBC i te tatau RBC, te haemoglobin (Hb), te hematocrit (PCV), me ngā tohu pūtau whero, MCV (te rahi pūtau toharite), MCH, MCHC me te RDW (te rerekētanga o te rahi pūtau). Ko ngā tohu ngā mea e wehewehe ana i te korenga o te rino, te āhuatanga thalassemia me ngā tauira korenga o te huaora B12, te folate rānei.
- Ngā pūtau toto mā (WBC): he wāhanga o te urupare ārai mate. Ka whakaatuhia e te tatau rerekētanga ngā neutrophils, ngā lymphocytes, ngā monocytes, ngā eosinophils me ngā basophils, hei ōrau, ā, ko te tikanga he tatau tino. He nui ake te whai hua haumanu o ngā tatau tino i ngā ōrau.
- Platelet: ngā kongakonga e uru ana ki te toto totoka. E whakaatu ana te CBC i te maha o ngā pereti toto me te MPV (te rahinga toharite o ngā pereti toto).
Ko te nuinga o ngā CBC ka whakahaerehia i runga i tētahi mīhini tātari toto aunoa. Ina tohu te mīhini tātari i tētahi āhuatanga rerekē, ka tirohia pea e tētahi tangata kua whakangungua tētahi kiriata toto kua pania (pāmeme ā-taha) i raro i te karuārai. Ka taea e te pāmeme te whakaatu i ngā āhua o ngā pūtau, ngā pirinoa pērā i te malaria, ngā pūtau rerekē, kāore anō kia pakari, me te puranga o ngā pereti toto e hē ana te pānui a te mīhini.
He aha i mahia ai he CBC
- Aromatawai tohumate: ngenge, pōuri, kiri mā, kirika, mate pāwera tonu, marō ngāwari, kapia toto, hekenga taumaha kāore e taea te whakamārama, te werawera pō rānei.
- Te whakamātautau mō te anemia: hei whakaū i te toto toto iti me te whakaahua i tōna momo, kātahi ka ārahi i ngā rangahau rino, te B12, te folate, te electrophoresis hemoglobin, me ētahi atu whakamātautau rānei.
- Te whakapae he mate urutā, he mumura rānei: E tautoko ana te tauira CBC i te mate kitakita, huaketo, pirinoa, harore rānei, engari kāore e whakaū.
- Te aroturuki i te maimoatanga: Ka taea e te chemotherapy, te radiotherapy, ngā rongoā ārai mate, ngā rongoā ārai tairoi, ētahi paturopi, ngā rongoā ārai mate haurangi me te rongoā ārai mate kohi te pehi i te maha o ngā toto.
- I mua i te pokanga, i te tikanga rānei: hei tirotiro i te hemoglobin me ngā pereti toto.
- Te aroturuki i te mate pūmau: te mate tākihi mau tonu, te mate ate mau tonu, te mate puku mumura, te mate rumatiki, ngā mate toto me ngā mate pukupuku e mōhiotia ana.
- Te tiaki i te haputanga: mō te toto toto iti me te aroturukitanga pereti toto, hei wāhanga o ngā whakamātautau i mua i te whānautanga.
Ko wai me whiwhi i tēnei whakamātautau
Ka tonoa he CBC e te tākuta mēnā he take mōna. Ko ngā rōpū e tika ana te whakamahi i te CBC ko:
- Te tangata whai tohu e tohu ana i te toto kore toto, te mate pāwera, te totohu rānei.
- Ngā wāhine hapū, hei wāhanga o te tirotiro i mua i te whānautanga.
- Ngā kōtiro me ngā wāhine taiohi e toto nui ana te paheketanga.
- Ngā pēpi me ngā tamariki nohinohi e whakapaetia ana kei te mate toto nui rātou, me ngā tamariki he ngoikore te tipu.
- Ko te hunga e tango ana i ngā rongoā e mōhiotia ana ka pā ki te tatau toto, i ngā wā kua whakaritea e te kaiwhakatakoto rongoā.
- Ngā tāngata e pāngia ana e te mate tākihi mau tonu, te mate ate mau tonu, te HIV, te mate pūnaha ārai mate, te mate hemoglobin rānei e mōhiotia ana.
- Mō te hunga he hītori whānau tō rātou o te thalassemia, te mate pūtau marino rānei, me ngā tāne me ngā wāhine e whakamahere ana kia hapu, ko te CBC me te MCV iti me te MCH te tohu tuatahi e akiaki ana i ngā whakamātautau whakaū.
- Ngā kaituku toto me ngā tūroro i mua i te pokanga, e ai ki te tikanga a te whare.
He iti noa te uara o te CBC auau mō te pakeke tino ora, kāore he āhuatanga mōrearea hei tirotiro takitahi. Ko te auau o te whakahoki i te CBC kei runga i tō āhuatanga haumanu, ā, he whakatau nā tō tākuta.
Ngā mea kāore e taea e te CBC te kite, te whakakore rānei
He whakamātautau tatau te CBC. He māmā noa iho te pānui i ngā mea maha atu i tana e taea ai te tautoko.
- Kāore e homai he tautuhi mate. Kāore te nui o te WBC e whakaū i te mate. Kāore te iti o te hemoglobin e whakaatu i te take.
- Kāore e ārai i te mate pukupuku. He maha ngā pukupuku totoka, tae atu ki ētahi matepukupuku toto i te tīmatanga, ka puta mai me te CBC tino noa. Kaua rawa e whakamahia te CBC noa hei tirotiro matepukupuku.
- Kāore e ine i ngā putunga rino. Ka pā pea te korenga o te rino ki te hemoglobin noa. He rerekē ngā whakamātautau ferritin me te rino.
- Kāore e tautuhia te thalassemia, te mate pūtau marino rānei. Tērā pea ka ara ake te whakapae i te CBC mā te iti o te MCV; me whakaū te whakamātautau hemoglobin electrophoresis, HPLC rānei, ā, i ētahi wā me whakamātautau DNA.
- Kāore e ine i te mahi toto totoka. Ahakoa he noa te tatau pereti toto, kāore e tohu ana kei te pāngia koe e te mate toto pēnei i te mate von Willebrand, te hemophilia rānei. He rerekē ngā whakamātautau PT/INR, APTT me ngā whakamātautau tauwehe motuhake.
- Kāore e ine tika i te mumura. He rerekē ngā whakamātautau ESR me CRP, ā, he rerekē ngā herenga o ia whakamātautau.
- Kāore e tautuhia te mate dengue, te malaria, te taipoi, te mate kohi rānei. Ahakoa e whakaatu ana te CBC i ngā tauira whakaaro nui, me whai whakamātautau motuhake anō hoki.
- Kāore e aromatawai i te tūnga o te whatukuhu, te ate, te tairoi, te huka toto rānei.
- Kāore e taea te whakaatu pono i te mate wheua wheua i ngā wāhanga tōmua. Ahakoa te tata noa o te CBC, tera pea e hiahiatia tonutia he whakamātautau hinu wheua.
Ko te hua CBC noa, arā, "kāore i kitea", e whakaahua ana i ngā pūtau kei roto i taua tauira i taua wā tonu. Ehara i te tohu kāore he mate. Ki te haere tonu ngā tohu ahakoa he CBC noa, me hoki atu ki tō tākuta, kaua e whakaaro kua tangohia te raruraru.
Ngā whakamātautau e pā ana engari he rerekē
He maha ngā wā ka pōhēhētia ēnei whakamātautau ki te CBC. He rerekē ngā pātai e whakautua ana e rātou, ā, kāore e taea te whakawhiti.
| whakamātautau | Ka patai te whakautu | Te rerekētanga mai i te CBC |
|---|---|---|
| CBC (hemogram) | He noa te maha, te rahi me te ōwehenga o ngā pūtau toto? | Ngā tatau aunoa me ngā taupū; kāore he take i kitea |
| Te paninga toto ā-taha (PS) | He aha te āhua o ngā pūtau? | Arotakenga mōkitokito; ka taea te whakaatu i ngā pirinoa malaria, ngā pūtau pahū, ngā āhua rerekē o ngā pūtau whero, ngā puranga pereti toto |
| Hemoglobin (Hb) anake / Hb i te wā tiaki | He iti te haemoglobin? | Kāore he tohu, kāore he raraunga WBC, he raraunga pereti rānei; he pai mō te tirotiro engari kāore e taea te tautuhi i te anemia |
| Ngā rangahau rino (ferritin, rino toto, TIBC, transferrin saturation) | He iti, he nui rawa rānei ngā putunga rino? | Ka ine i te tūnga rino, ehara i te maha o ngā pūtau; ka piki te ferritin me te mate me te mumura |
| Huaora B12 me te folate | He ngoikoretanga kei te take o te nui o ngā pūtau whero? | E whakamārama ana i te MCV teitei e tohuhia ana e te CBC anake |
| Te hikohiko o te hemoglobin / HPLC | He rerekē te nui o te haemoglobin pērā i te HbS, te HbE, te beta-thalassemia rānei? | Whakaū; ko te CBC anake e kī ana |
| Tatauranga Reticulocyte | Kei te urupare te hinu wheua ki te mate toto kore? | I ētahi wā ka ripoatahia me te CBC, i ētahi wā ka tonoa motuhaketia |
| ESR me te CRP | He mumura kei reira? | Ngā tohu mumura kore-motuhake, ehara i te maha o ngā pūtau |
| PT/INR me APTT | Kei te mahi te rerenga toto totoka? | Kāore te nama pereti mai i te CBC e kōrero ana mō ngā mea toto totoka, te mahi rānei o ngā pereti |
| Te wawata o te hinu wheua me te koiora | He aha te mea e tupu ana i te wāhi e puta ai te toto? | Whakaekenga; ka whakamahia ina tohu te CBC me te smear ki tētahi mate hinu wheua |
| Te whakamātautau rere o te cytometry / te whakamātautau ngota ngota | He aha te momo leukemia, te lymphoma rānei tēnei? | Whakamātautau tohunga i muri i te CBC rerekē me te smear |
Ko te whakamātautau e puta tuatahi mai ana, kei runga i te raruraru haumanu. Mō te kiri mā me te ngenge, ko te CBC te tuatahi, ā, muri iho ka whai ake ngā rangahau rino. Mō te toto toto me te maha o ngā pereti toto, ko te whakamātautau toto toto te taahiraa whai muri e whai ake nei e whai kiko ana. Mō te kirika kaha i roto i te rohe e pangia ana e te malaria, me whai whakamātautau motuhake ki te malaria me te CBC, kaua hei whakakapi. Kāore he whakamātautau kotahi e pai ake ana i te ao katoa.
Me pehea te whakarite
He iti noa te whakarite mō te CBC, engari ko ngā taipitopito whakahaere, te nohopuku, te wā, te ngongo tauira, ngā whakaritenga whakaritenga me te tukanga pūrongo, he rerekē i ia taiwhanga ki ia taiwhanga. Ko ngā tohutohu tuhituhi a tō taiwhanga, a tō hōhipera rānei te mea nui ake i ngā tohutohu whānui.
- nohopuku: kāore e hiahiatia ana mō te CBC anake. Mena ka whakaritea he whakamātautau kōtaha ngako, he whakamātautau huka nohopuku, he whakamātautau insulin rānei i te haerenga kotahi, ka tono pea te taiwhanga kia nohopuku koe, me whai i taua tohutohu.
- Te whakatikatika: Mā te inu wai noa ka māmā ake te uru atu ki te uaua. Ka taea e te maroke te whakakī i te tauira.
- Nga rongoa me nga taapiri: Kōrero atu ki te tangata e tango ana i te tauira mō ngā rongoā katoa kua tohua, ngā rongoā kāore e hiahiatia he rongoā, ngā tāpiringa rino, huaora rānei, AYUSH, ngā rongoā otaota rānei, me ngā tāpiringa whakapakari tinana, pūmua rānei. Kaua e mutu, e tīmata, e whakarerekē rānei i tētahi rongoā kua tohua mō te whakamātautau, me kōrero tuatahi ki te kaiwhakatakoto rongoā.
- Te whakawhiti toto tata nei, te werohanga rino, te werohanga B12, te werohanga tipu-whakatipu rānei: whakahuatia ēnei, nā te mea ka whakarerekētia ngā tatau me ngā taupū.
- Te whakakori tinana uaua: Mā te whakapau kaha i mua tata tonu o te tangohanga ka piki ake te maha o ngā toto toto me ngā pereti toto i roto i te tinana mō tētahi wā poto. He mea tika kia okioki poto i mua i te tangohanga o te tauira.
- Clothing: mā ngā ringaringa poto, ringaringa kore rānei e ngāwari ake te kukume.
- wā: Ka rerekē ētahi tatau puta noa i te rā. Mena kei te whakahaerehia e koe he CBC raupapa hei whai i tētahi ia o te wā, he pai te whakamahi i tētahi wā ōrite o te rā.
Te wa hapu
Ka nui haere te nui o te toto i te wā e hapu ana, nō reira ka heke te hemoglobin me te hematocrit i runga i te āhua ā-tinana, ā, ka paku heke te maha o ngā pereti toto. Ka pāngia ngā awhe tohutoro motuhake mō te wā e hapu ana. Kāore he nohopuku e hiahiatia ana mō te CBC. Kōrero atu ki te taiwhanga kei te hapu koe.
Nga kohungahunga me nga tamariki
Ka rerekē rawa ngā awhe tohutoro mō te hemoglobin, te MCV me te rerekētanga WBC i runga i te pakeketanga, ko ngā lymphocytes te nuinga o te wā i te wā pēpi, he rerekē i ngā pakeke. Me pānui ngā hua o ngā tamariki ki ngā awhe e tika ana mō te tau. Ka whakamahia he iti ngā rahinga tauira me ngā ngongo tamariki. Kāore e tika ana te nohopuku roa mō ngā tamariki nohinohi.
Te mate huka i runga i te maimoatanga whakaheke huka
Ki te tono te taiwhanga kia nohopuku koe mō ngā whakamātautau e tāpirihia ana ki te CBC, kōrerohia te wā me tō kaiwhakatakoto tohu i mua i te wā, inā koa mēnā kei te tango koe i te insulin, i te sulfonylureas rānei. Kia mauria he puna warowaihā tere te mahi. Kaua e pekehia, e whakaroa rānei i ngā horopeta i runga i tō ake whakaaro.
Te mate tākihi mau tonu, te ngoikore o te ngākau me te herenga wai
Kāore e pā te tohutohu whānui kia "inu nui te wai" i mua i te whakamātautau toto mēnā kei te tango koe i te rongoā aukati wai kua tohua, i te rongoā diuretic rānei. Kia mau ki te nui o te wai kua tohua e koe, ā, me kōrero ki te tākuta toto. Mēnā he fistula arteriovenous, he graft rānei tōu, kaua taua ringa e whakamahia mō te tango toto.
Ngā tāngata e tango ana i ngā rongoā whakaheke toto, e pāngia ana rānei e te mate toto
Whakamōhio atu ki te tākuta toto. Me pēhi kaha ake, me pēhi roa ake ki te wāhi i werohia. Kaua e whakamutua ngā rongoā ārai toto mō te tango toto noa ki te kore e kīia e tō tākuta.
He aha te mea ka tupu i te wā o te whakamātautau
- Te tautuhi me te tapanga: Kua whakaūtia ō taipitopito, ā, kua tāpirihia he tapanga ki te ngongo. He mea nui te tapanga tika, pērā i te tikanga werohanga o te ngira.
- Whakatūnga: Me noho koe, me takoto rānei. Mēnā kua hemo koe i te wā o ngā whakamātautau toto i mua, me kōrero ki ngā kaimahi kia taea ai e koe te takoto.
- Te tākai me te horoi: Ka tāpirihia he here ki runga ake i te tuke, ā, ka horoia te kiri.
- Te utu: Ka werohia he ngira ki roto i te uaua, i te nuinga o te wā kei te tuke o roto, ā, ka kohia te toto ki roto i te ngongo EDTA. Ka rongo koe i te wero koi mō ētahi hēkona.
- Whakaranu: Ka hurihia mārire te ngongo kia maha ngā wā kia whakaranua ai te matū whakakore toto; ka ārai tēnei i ngā toto totoka ka kore e whai hua te hua.
- I muri i te tātaitanga: Ka pēhia mō te meneti, e rua rānei, kātahi ka whakatakotoria he pāreti. Kia tika tonu te ringa, kaua e piko ki runga i te miro.
- Tamariki me ngā pēpi hou: ka taea te whakamahi i te wero rekereke, i te wero maihao rānei.
Te roa: ko te tango toto tonu he 2-5 meneti te roa. Tāpirihia he wā mō te rēhita me te tatari. He meneti noa iho te roa o te tātari aunoa, engari ko te wā tae noa ki te whiwhinga o te pūrongo ka whakawhirinaki ki te tukanga mahi a te taiwhanga, mehemea he arotake kiriata toto, he whakahaere anō rānei e hiahiatia ana, me te mea ka tukuna te tauira ki tētahi taiwhanga i waho o te wāhi. Pātai atu ki tō pokapū kohikohi āhea ka wātea mai tō pūrongo.
I te nuinga o te wā ka taea e koe te kai, te inu me te hoki anō ki ngā mahi o ia rā tonu, ki te kore koe e nohopuku mō ētahi atu whakamātautau, e pōuri rānei te mahunga.
Te mārama ki tō pūrongo CBC
Pānuihia ia uara ki te whānuitanga tohutoro kua tāia ki tāu ake pūrongo. He rerekē ngā whānuitanga i waenga i ngā taiwhanga nā te mea he rerekē ngā kaitātari, ngā tikanga me ngā taupori tohutoro, ā, nā te mea ka huri ngā uara noa i runga i te tau, te ira tangata, te haputanga, te teitei me te iwi. Kaua ngā whānuitanga kua whakaputaina mai i tētahi atu taiwhanga, paetukutuku rānei e whakamahia hei aromatawai i tāu pūrongo. Kāore he uara kei waho noa iho i te whānuitanga e kiia ana he rerekē, ā, kāore he uara kei roto i te whānuitanga e kiia ana he pai mōu.
Ngā whakaahuatanga o ia tawhā
- Te toto toto (Hb): te kaha kawe hāora. Ko te Hb iti te tohu o te anemia.
- Te toto toto totoka / PCV: te ōwehenga o te rōrahi toto e nohoia ana e ngā pūtau toto whero. Ka whai i te Hb; ka piki ake i te wā e maroke ana.
- Te maha o ngā toto whero: te maha o ngā pūtau whero. Ahakoa te iti o te Hb, tera pea he noa, he teitei rānei te āhua o te thalassemia.
- MCV: rahi toharite o ngā toto whero. Ko te iti (microcytic) e tohu ana i te korenga o te rino, te āhuatanga rānei o te thalassemia; ko te teitei (macrocytic) e tohu ana i te korenga o te B12, te folate rānei, te whakamahi waipiro, te hypothyroidism, te mate ate, ētahi rongoā rānei.
- MCH me MCHC: te nui me te kukū o te hemoglobin mō ia pūtau.
- RDW: te rerekētanga o te rahi o ngā pūtau whero. He maha ngā wā ka piki ake i te korenga o te rino, ā, he iti ake te pikinga i te āhuatanga thalassemia kore uaua, ahakoa he taupatupatu.
- Te tapeke o ngā toto toto iti (WBC): ka piki ake (leukocytosis) i roto i te maha o ngā mate urutā, te mumura, te whara o te kiko, te rongoā steroids, te momi hikareti, te haputanga, te ahotea me te leukemia; ka iti (leukopenia) i roto i ētahi mate huaketo, ngā pānga o te rongoā, ngā mate hinu me te hypersplenism.
- Ngā Neutrophils: he maha ngā wā ka piki ake i roto i te mate kitakita me te mumura. Ka piki ake te mōrearea o te mate nā te iti rawa o te maha o ngā neutrophil, ā, me tere te aro atu ki te taote.
- Ngā pūtau toto: he maha ngā wā ka piki ake i roto i te mate huaketo; he nui te nuinga i roto i ngā pēpi. Me arotake te mate pukupuku toto pumau i roto i te kaumātua.
- Ngā Eosinophil: i piki ake i roto i te mate pāwera, te huango, ngā tauhohenga rongoā me te whakaekenga pirinoa, he mea noa i Īnia.
- Ngā monocyte me ngā basophil: kāore i te tino motuhake; e whakamāramatia ana me te pikitia katoa.
- Te maha o ngā pereti: Ka taea e ngā tatau iti te haere tahi me te dengue, te sepsis, te thrombocytopenia ārai mate, te mate hinu wheua, te hypersplenism me ētahi rongoā. Tērā pea he tohu ngā tatau teitei i te mate, te mumura, te korenga o te rino, te āhua i muri i te tango splenectomy, te mate hinu wheua tuatahi rānei.
- MPV: te rahi toharite o ngā pereti toto; he tohu tautoko noa iho.
Ko ngā haki pēnei i te "abnormal scattergram", "platelet clumps", "nucleated RBCs" me te "review smear" he tohu hei manatoko i te taiwhanga, ehara i te tautuhi mate.
He nui ake te hiranga o ngā tauira i ngā tau takitahi
Ka tirohia e ngā tākuta ngā huinga. Ko te Hb iti me te MCV iti me te RDW teitei e tohu ana i te korenga o te rino. Ko te Hb iti me te MCV teitei e tohu ana i te korenga o te B12, te folate rānei. Ko te iti o te tatau puta noa i ngā raina pūtau e toru (pancytopenia) e tohu ana i te raruraru o te hinu wheua, o te whēkau rānei, ā, me tere te aromatawai a te tohunga. Ko te kirika me te hekenga o ngā pereti toto me te pikinga o te haematocrit i roto i te taiao e mate ana te dengue he tauira whakatūpato e hiahia ana kia tere te arotake haumanu.
Me whakamārama tō CBC e te tākuta nāna i tono, me tō hītori, whakamātautau me ētahi atu hua. Ka rerekē ngā hua i runga i ngā āhuatanga haumanu takitahi. Kaua e tīmata i te rino, te huaora B12, i tētahi atu maimoatanga rānei i runga i tētahi pūrongo anake.
Ina he te āhua o ngā hua o te CBC
Ngā uara i whakaarahia hētia
- Te maroke o te wai, ngā rongoā whakaheke toto rānei: Ka piki hē te Hb, te hematocrit me te tatau o ngā toto whero mēnā ka nui haere te toto toto.
- Te roa o te wā e herea ai te whitiki, te uaua rānei o te kume me te pēhi: ka taea te whakanui ake i te hematocrit me te maha o ngā pūtau ā-rohe.
- Ngā mahi whakakori tinana taumaha o nā tata nei, te ahotea nui, te mamae, te haurangi, te momi hikareti rānei: ka piki ake te maha o ngā WBC, ā, i ētahi wā ka piki ake te maha o ngā pereti toto.
- Corticosteroids: te whakanui ake i te maha o ngā neutrophils me te kore e pangia.
- Te noho ki ngā teitei: he tino whakapiki i te Hb me te hematocrit, ehara i te hapa, engari he he te pānui mēnā ka whakaritea ki ngā awhe taumata moana.
- Ngā agglutinins makariri, ngā lipids tino tiketike, ngā bilirubin rānei: ka taea te whakaputa i ngā pānui MCHC me te Hb rūpahu i runga i ētahi taputapu tātari.
- He tino teitei te maha o ngā WBC, he pakaru rānei ngā pūtau: tērā pea ka tatau hētia e te kaitātari he pereti toto, ka piki ake ai te maha o ngā pereti toto.
- Te wa hapu: He mea noa te leukocytosis ā-tinana ngawari, kaua e kiia he mate pāwera.
Ngā uara i whakaitihia hētia
- Tauira kua waimeha: Mā te toto e tangohia mai i tētahi peka, i tētahi taha rānei, mā te maturuturunga iho o te uaua e rere ana ka whakaiti i ngā tatauranga katoa.
- He ngongo EDTA kua kī rawa, kua kore rānei e kī, he ranunga koretake rānei: ka whakapēkē i ngā tatau, ā, ka raru pea te toto i roto i te ngongo.
- Te pupūtanga o ngā pereti toto me te pseudothrombocytopenia e whakawhirinaki ana ki te EDTA: he taonga tuku iho e mōhiotia whānuitia ana e whakaatu ana i te iti o te maha o ngā pereti toto i roto i te tangata kāore he raruraru toto. Tērā pea ka whakaū te taiwhanga mā te paninga, ka tāruatia rānei i roto i te ngongo citrate.
- Tauira kua purua: he iti rawa ngā pereti toto, ā, i ētahi wā he maha ngā tatau WBC; me whakakore te tauira ka tangohia anō.
- Te roa o te kawe, te kore rānei e pai te rokiroki: Ka whakarerekē te pupuhi me te pakaru o ngā pūtau i ngā tohu; ka whakaitihia e te pakaru o te toto te maha o ngā pūtau whero e kitea ana.
- Ngā wai nui i roto i te uaua i tukuna tata nei: te hekenga o te Hb me te hematocrit i roto i te toto.
- Te toto tere: I ngā hāora tuatahi, ka tata te āhua o te Hb ki te noho noa i mua i te puta o ngā nekehanga wai, nō reira, ahakoa he Hb whakamarie, kāore e tohu i te nui o te toto e ngaro.
Ngā uara ka taea te whakamāori hē, kaua ki te hē
- Te korenga o te rino me te āhuatanga thalassemia, te korenga rānei o te B12 i te wā kotahi: Ka taea e ngā pānga taupatupatu te whakataurite i te MCV me te huna i ngā mea e rua.
- Te whakawhiti toto tata nei, te werohanga rino, te werohanga B12 rānei: ka huri i ngā taupū mō ngā wiki, ā, ka huna pea i te tauira taketake.
- Ngā ōrau kāore he tatau tino: Tērā pea ko te "ōrau lymphocyte teitei" e whakaata ana i te iti o te maha o ngā neutrophils.
Mena kāore te hua e ōrite ki tō āhua haumanu, ko te tauira tuarua te mahi tika i muri mai, kaua ko te maimoatanga tonu.
Ngā mōrearea me te haumaru
Me tango he tauira toto mō te whakamātautau toto iti (CBC), nō reira ko ngā mōrearea he mea nō te pokanga toto, kaua ko te whakamātautau tonu. Ka rerekē te mōrearea i runga i te tikanga tauira me te āhua o te tangata.
Te tango toto toto ā-uaua paerewa mō ngā pakeke
Ngā mea noa, ngā mea iti hoki: te mamae poto, he maru iti, me te ngawari poto. Kāore i te tino kitea: he haematoma nui, te pōuriuri, te ngoikore rānei, me ngā ngana anō mēnā he uaua ngā uaua. Ngā mea kāore i te tino kitea: te mate ā-rohe i te wāhi i werohia ai, te riri o ngā io e meinga ai te ngau, te mumura rānei o te uaua.
Ngā tāngata e tango ana i ngā rongoā anticoagulant, he mate ate, he iti rānei ngā pereti toto
He nui ake te tūponotanga o te marō me te haematoma, ā, me roa ake te pupuri i te pēhanga. Kōrerohia ki ngā kaimahi i mua i te wā.
Te werohanga o te rekereke, te maihao rānei i roto i ngā pēpi me ngā tamariki
He mea noa te mamae poto me te maru iti. Ka puritia kia iti te rahinga o te tauira. Ka taea e te pēhi nui rawa te pakaru o te tauira me te akiaki i te tukurua anō, koia te take he mea nui te tikanga.
Te whakamātautau tauira i te hōhipera
Ko te maha o ngā toto toto iti i roto i ngā tūroro e noho ana i te hōhipera, inā koa ko ngā tūroro iti, ngā tūroro tino mate rānei, ka whai wāhi ki te ngaronga toto nui. Me whai take haumanu mō te auau o te whakamātautau.
Ka rerekē ngā hua me ngā wheako i runga i ngā āhuatanga haumanu takitahi.
Ngā haki whero: āhea me rapu āwhina
Āhua ohorere inaianei
- Te toto nui, te toto kāore i te taea te pupuri, te ruaki toto, te paru mangu, te toto rānei e kore e mutu i muri i te pēhanga.
- Te kirika me te wiri o te matao, te pōhēhē, te toto toto tino iti, te uaua rānei o te manawa, inā koa kei te rongoā koe i te chemotherapy, kei te mōhiotia rānei he tino iti te maha o ngā neutrophils.
- Te mamae o te uma, te hemo o te ngākau, te uaua o te manawa i te wā e okioki ana, te hinga rānei.
- He marō hou whānui, he pupuhi toto i roto i te mangai, he ponana whero koi rānei e kore e memeha ina pēhia.
- Mēnā e mōhiotia ana, e whakapaetia ana rānei te mate dengue: mamae nui o te puku, ruaki tonu, toto mai i ngā kapia, i te ihu rānei, makariri, kiri mākūkū, hiamoe, heke tere rānei te putanga mimi.
- Te ngoikore hou i te taha kotahi, te kōrero pōturi, te ānini nui ohorere rānei.
Ra kotahi
- He pūrongo kua tohua he mea nui, he mea mataku, he mea whawhati tata rānei, he waea taiwhanga rānei mō tō hua.
- He tino iti te hemoglobin, he tino iti te maha o ngā pereti toto, he tino iti te maha o ngā neutrophil, he pūtau pahū rānei kua whakaaturia ki te mimi.
- Te kirika neke atu i te 38 nekehanga i te wā e tango ana i te chemotherapy, i ngā rongoā ārai mate, i ngā rongoā anti-thyroid rānei.
- Te manawa hou e kore e taea te manawa ina ngawari te mahi, te kikī o te uma ina whakapau kaha, te tere rānei o te papātanga me te kiri mā.
- Te tere o te whakanui i ngā kōpuku waikura me te kirika, te werawera nui i te pō, te mamae rānei o te wheua.
Te wā whakarite noa
- Mēnā he āhua rerekē ngā tatau, kāore he tohu, haria te pūrongo ki te tākuta nāna i tono.
- Te ngenge tonu, te hinga o te makawe, te pikinga o te kiri, te taumaha o te paheketanga, te mōhiotia rānei he korenga rino me arotake.
- He MCV tino iti, he hītori whānau mō te thalassemia, he whakamahere rānei kia hāpu, ā, e hiahia ana kia whakamātauria he kaikawe i te mate.
- He eosinophilia pumau me te mate pāwera, te whakapae rānei he kutukutu kei roto.
- Ahakoa he noa te CBC, ahakoa he tika tonu ngā tohu, kāore te CBC noa e tohu ana kei te mate pea, ā, me whai atu pea he aromatawai.
Nga ahuatanga motuhake
Te wa hapu
Ka heke te hemoglobin me te hematocrit i te āhua tinana mai i te waimehatanga, he mea noa te leucocytosis ngawari, ā, he mea noa te hekenga iti o te maha o ngā pereti toto (gestational thrombocytopenia). He mea noa te anemia i te wā e hapu ana i Inia, ā, me arotake te take kaua ki te whakaaro he ngoikore te rino. Ko te hekenga o te maha o ngā pereti toto me te toto toto tiketike, te ānini, te raruraru tirohanga, te mamae rānei o te puku o runga, me arotake wawe te whānautanga.
Ngā pēpi hou me ngā tamariki
He nui te hemoglobin o ngā pēpi hou, ā, he nui hoki te MCV, ā, ka taka ēnei i roto i ngā marama tuatahi, ehara i te mate te "iti ā-tinana". He mea noa te nui haere o ngā lymphocyte i te wā pēpi. He maha tonu te korenga o te rino i roto i ngā kohungahunga Inia, ā, me whai whakaaro anō hoki ki te āhuatanga o te thalassemia mēnā he iti te MCV i roto i te tamaiti. Whakamahia tonutia ngā awhe tohutoro e pā ana ki te tau.
Nga pakeke
Ehara te toto toto iti i roto i te kaumātua i te wāhanga noa o te koroheketanga, ā, me tirotiro. Ko ngā take ko te ngaronga toto huna i roto i te puku, te mate tākihi mau tonu, te mumura mau tonu, te korenga o te B12 me ngā mate hinu wheua. Me aromatawai toto te lymphocytosis hou e mau tonu ana, te pancytopenia rānei kāore i te whakamāramatia.
Ngā tāngata e mate huka ana i runga i te rongoā whakaheke huka
Kāore e hiahiatia he nohopuku mō te CBC. Mena ka hiahiatia kia whakaroa koe i te kai i roto i ngā whakamātautau nohopuku, whakaritea te wā me tō kaiwhakahau kia kore ai e pāngia e te hypoglycemia. He mea noa te anemia i roto i te mate huka me te pānga o te whatukuhu, ā, ka pā hoki ki te pono o te HbA1c, koia te take e pānuihia ngātahi ai te CBC me te HbA1c.
Nga mate pukupuku
Ko te whakahekenga o te hanga erythropoietin ka puta ai te anemia. Ko ngā ia o te CBC ka ārahi i ngā whakataunga a te tohunga nephrologist mō te rino me ngā kaihoko whakaoho erythropoiesis. Kaua e werohia te ringa o te fistula, kaua hoki e tiakina te ringa mō te urunga ā muri ake nei.
Ko te ngoikore o te ngakau
Ka whakarerekētia te haematocrit e ngā diuretics me ngā nekehanga wai, nō reira ka taea e te pānui kotahi te whakapohehe; he pai ake ngā au. He mea noa te anemia me te korenga rino i roto i te ngoikore o te ngakau, ā, ka aromatawaitia mā te whakamahi i ngā rangahau rino me te CBC.
Te maimoatanga mate pukupuku
Ka aro turukihia ngā tatau i mua atu, me waenga i ngā huringa. He āhuatanga ohorere hauora te kirika me te iti o te tatau neutrophil, ehara i te mea hei tirotiro mā te kāinga.
Te Tatau Toto Katoa i roto i te horopaki Inia
- He tino kitea te mate toto iti (anemia). I roto i te Rangahau Hauora Whānau ā-Motu-5 (2019-21) i kōrerohia te nui o te mate toto i roto i ngā wāhine Īnia o te tau whānau, ngā tamariki kei raro iho i te rima tau me ngā kōtiro taiohi. Koinei te take he mea noa te iti o te hemoglobin i runga i te CBC, engari kāore e kore he whakamārama e hiahiatia ana mō te mea noa.
- He whānuitia ngā mate haemoglobinopathies. Ka kitea te āhuatanga Beta-thalassemia, te HbE me te āhuatanga pūtau maripi i roto i ngā hapori Inia maha. Mēnā he iti tonu te MCV me te MCH me te maha o ngā RBC, he noa, he nui rānei, kāore e whakatikahia e te rino, me tere ake te electrophoresis hemoglobin, te HPLC rānei, kaua ki te rongoā rino tuwhera. He mea nui te tirotiro i mua i te marena, i te hāputanga rānei mēnā he hītori whānau, he hapori whānui rānei te horapa o te mate.
- He maha ngā wā ka noho tahi te korenga o te rino me te haemoglobinopathy, e whakauaua ana i te whakamaoritanga o te MCV me te RDW.
- Ngā mate e hanga ana i te whakamaoritanga o te CBC: te dengue (te hekenga o ngā pereti toto, te pikinga o te haematocrit, te leucopenia), te malaria (thrombocytopenia; me whai whakamātautau smear, whakamātautau antigen tere rānei), te typhoid, te chikungunya, te scrub typhus, te kohi me te leptospirosis. Ko te whakaekenga pirinoa tetahi o ngā tino take o te eosinophilia.
- Ngā pānga o te rongoā: Ka taea e ngā rongoā ārai-kohi, ngā rongoā ārai-haurangi, ngā rongoā ārai-tairoiro, te methotrexate me ētahi paturopi te pehi i te tatau. He mea nui anō hoki ngā tāpiringa otaota, AYUSH me ngā tāpiringa whare takaro tinana, tāpiringa whakaiti taumaha rānei kāore i te whakahaeretia, ā, me whakaatu.
- Te korenga o te kai B12 he mea noa, tae atu ki ngā kai huawhenua te nuinga, ā, ka puta mai me te macrocytosis, he āhua whakauru rānei.
- Tiaki Raraunga: Mā ngā pūrongo taiwhanga me ngā taputapu pukapuka ipurangi, taputapu tango pūrongo rānei e whakahaere ngā raraunga hauora whaiaro, e whakahaeretia ana i Īnia e te Ture Tiaki Raraunga Whaiaro Mamati, 2023. Pātai atu me pēhea te penapena me te tiritiri i tō pūrongo, ā, whakamahia ngā tomokanga mana.
- Ngā paerewa pānuitanga: Kāore e whakaaetia ngā kereme ka taea e te whakamātautau toto te "whakaora" te "kite i ngā mea katoa" i raro i te Drugs and Magic Remedies (Probjectionable Advertises) Act, 1954. Kia ruarua koe ki ngā hokohoko mōkihi hauora e oati ana ka kitea he mate mai i te CBC anake.
Te utu me te inihua i Inia
Ko te CBC tētahi o ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga iti rawa te utu i Inia. Ko te utu hokohoko tohu i te rāngai tūmataiti he maha ngā rau rūpī, tata ki te £150-?500 mō te CBC me te tatau rerekē. He maha ngā wā ka tukuna te whakamātautau e ngā hōhipera kāwanatanga me ngā whare hauora tūmatanui, kore utu, he utu iti rānei. He tohu noa iho ngā utu, ā, ka rerekē; whakaūhia te utu o nāianei ki te taiwhanga i mua i te whakamātautau.
Ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki tāu e utu ana
- CBC tūkotahi me te mōkihi hauora kua whakakotahihiahe nui ake te utu mōkihi engari kei roto ko ētahi atu whakamātautau.
- Ahakoa he arotake parāoa ā-taha, he tatau reticulocyte, he ESR rānei ka tāpirihia.
- Te momo whakaurunga: hōhipera tūmatanui, pokapū kohikohi takitahi, taiwhanga mekameka, taiwhanga hōhipera whaimana rānei.
- Ngā pūnaha whakamanatanga me te kounga (hei tauira, te whakamanatanga NABL), ngā kaupapa whakahaere kounga ā-roto, ā-waho hoki.
- Kohinga tauira whare me tetahi utu mō te whakamarie, te utu mō te kawe waka rānei.
- Tukatuka tere, tukatuka tatauranga rānei, me ngā whakamātautau i muri i ngā hāora mahi, i ngā hararei rānei.
- Tāone me te roheHe rerekē te utu o te metro i ngā utu o ngā tāone iti.
- Tukurua te whakamatautau mō te aroturuki, e whakareatia ai te utu katoa.
Insurance
He maha ngā wā kāore e hipokina ngā whakamātautau tātaritanga tūroro o waho e te inihua hauora utu taketake mēnā kāore i roto i te kaupapa here he OPD, he painga tātaritanga rānei. Ko te CBC e mahia ana i te wā whakaurunga, i te wā rānei o te maimoatanga tiaki tamariki kua whakamanahia i mua, ka hipokina hei wāhanga o te pire hōhipera, i raro i ngā tikanga kaupapa here. Ko ngā whakamātautau e mahia ana mō te tirotiro noa iho, kāore i te nuinga o te wā ka whakaurua. Ko ētahi kaupapa here kei roto he painga tirotiro hauora ārai e hipoki ana i te CBC. Tirohia ngā kupu o tō kaupapa here, ā, ki te tika, ngā whiwhinga kaupapa kāwanatanga pērā i a Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY mō ngā tāngata whai pānga tika.
Ngā pūrākau me ngā meka
| Talatupu'a | Fact |
|---|---|
| Ki te pai te CBC, he hauora tōku tinana. | Ka arotakehia e te CBC ngā pūtau toto anake. Kāore e tirohia te ngākau, ngā whatukuhu, te ate, te tairoi, te huka toto, te nuinga rānei o ngā mate pukupuku. Kāore te CBC noa e ārai i te mate kino. |
| Ka taea e te CBC te kite i te mate pukupuku. | Tērā pea ka kitea he rerekētanga i roto i ētahi matepukupuku toto i roto i te CBC, engari he maha ngā matepukupuku ka puta mai me te CBC noa. Ehara te CBC i te whakamātautau tirotiro matepukupuku. |
| Nā te nui o te tatau WBC, me whai paturopi ahau. | Ka piki ake te maha o ngā WBC me te mate huaketo, te mumura, te ahotea, ngā steroids, te momi hikareti me te haputanga. He mea haumanu ngā whakatau paturopi, ehara i te mea i runga i te tatau anake. |
| Ko te iti o te hemoglobin he tohu tonu i te korenga o te rino. | Lo
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