Endoscopy: Ngā Mea e Whakaatuhia ana, Ngā Mea Kāore e Taea, me Me Pēhea te Whakarite

Take take

• He whakamātautau tirohanga tika te Endoscopy: e whakaatu ana i te arai o roto o tētahi okana, ehara i te mea kei raro, kei muri rānei.
• He mea tātaritanga, he mea rongoā hoki te EndoscopyE taea ana ngā mahi koiora, te tango i ngā polyp, te whakahaere toto me te whakatakotoranga stent i te wā kotahi.
• He whānau tikanga "Endoscopy", ehara i te whakamātautau kotahi; he rerekē ngā whakaritenga me ngā kōtaha mōrearea o te gastroscopy, te colonoscopy, te bronchoscopy, te cystoscopy me te ERCP.
• Kāore e taea e te endoscopy noa te ārai i ngā mate katoaKāore pea e kitea te mate repeure, te mate whekau iti me te mate pakitara hōhonu, ā, me whai CT, MRI, rangahau capsule rānei.
• Ka whakaritea te whakarite e te wāhanga mahiHe rerekē ngā wā nohopuku, te whakarite puku me ngā whakarerekētanga rongoā i waenga i ngā hōhipera me waenga i ngā tikanga.

I te titiro

E mohiotia ano ko

• Whakamātautau Endoscopy, kopi: te whakamahinga noa i roto i ngā hōhipera Inia
• Te tirotiro puku o runga / OGD / EGD / gastroscopyte tirotiro i te paipa kai, te puku me te duodenum mā te ara-waha
• Colonoscopy, i etahi wa ka karangahia tātaritanga o te GI o raro
• Whakamātautau kāmera / Dooerbeen, kāmera mōkai ki jaanch: ngā whakaahuatanga koretake e whakamahia ana e ngā tūroro
• Sigmoidoscopy: he iti noa te tirotiro i te koroni maui me te pūkahukahu

He aha te endoskopi

He ngongo te endoscope kei roto he pūtake mārama, he maramara kāmera, he paihere muka whatu rānei, he awa mō te hau, te wai me te momi, me te awa mahi hei tuku i ngā taputapu. Ka tukuna e te kāmera ngā whakaahua ora ki te mata, kia kite ai te tākuta i te mata o te mucosal kua whakanuia, kua whakamāramahia hoki.

Nā te mea ka taea e ngā taputapu te tuku iho i te ara mahi, he maha ngā wā ka taea te whakamahi i te endoscopy hei rongoā, hei tātaritanga hoki. I te wā kotahi, ka taea e te tākuta te tango i ngā koiora iti, te tango i te polyp, te tapahi i te mate pukupuku e toto ana, te here i ngā varices oesophageal, te whakawhānui i te whaiti, te whakatakoto i te stent, te tango rānei i tētahi mea i horomia.

Ehara te Endoscopy i te whakamātautau kotahi. Ka rerekē katoa te whānuitanga, te huarahi, te whakarite, te whakamoe me ngā mōrearea i runga i te okana e tirotirohia ana. Ka mahia te gastroscopy me te ERCP me ngā taputapu rite te āhua engari he tino rerekē te uauatanga me te tere o ngā raruraru.

He aha i mahia ai te endoscopy

• Ngā tohu o te GI o runga: te ngau pōuri tonu, te koretake rānei o te kai, kāore e pai ki te rongoā, he uaua, he mamae rānei i te horomitanga, he ruaki tonu, he whakapae mō te mate puku, he toto toto koretake kāore i te whakamāramatia.
• Te toto o te puku: te ruaki toto, te tūtae mangu parauri, te toto rānei mai i te tō, kia kitea ai te pūtake me te rongoā anō hoki.
• Ngā tohu o te GI iti: te huringa o te tikanga o te puku, te mate korere mau tonu, te toto i roto i te tūtae, te whakapae he mate mumura o te puku, te whakaahua rerekē o te koroni.
• Te kimi me te aroturuki i te mate pukupuku: te aromatawai i ngā whara whakapae, te tango i ngā polyp o te koroni, te aroturukitanga o te esophagus a Barrett, te mate celiac, ngā polyp rānei o mua.
• Ngā mate o te ate me te pancreas: ERCP mō ngā kōhatu i roto i te awa ate, ngā awa ārai me te jaundice e hiahia ana kia tangohia te wai.
• Ngā raruraru o te ara manawa me te mimi: he tirotiro pūkahukahu mō te maremare tonu me te whakaahua rerekē o te uma, te maremare toto rānei; he tirotiro pūkahukahu mō ngā tohu toto e kitea ana i roto i te mimi, i te pūkahukahu rānei.

Ko wai me whakaaro ki te endoscopy

Ka tonoa te endoscopy e te tākuta i muri i te aromatawai haumanu, ehara i te whakamātautau tirotiro haere noa mō te hunga katoa e pāngia ana e te puku pouri. E whakaarohia ana te tukunga mai mō:

• Ngā pakeke e uaua ana ki te horomi, e piri ana te kai, e mamae ana rānei te horomi i ngā tau katoa.
• Ngā pakeke e heke ana te taumaha ā-kore i te whakaaro, e ruaki tonu ana, e pupuhi ana rānei te puku me te mate koretake.
• Ngā pakeke e mate toto kore-rino ana, kāhore hoki he take mārama.
• Ko ngā pakeke e pāngia ana e te mate kore-mārama e mau tonu ana ahakoa kua whakamātauria te maimoatanga tika, ka tīmata rānei i ngā tau kua hipa ake o te pakeketanga.
• Te tangata e kitea ana, e whakapaetia ana rānei he toto toto kei roto i te gastrointestinal.
• Ko te hunga e toto ana te toto i te pūreirei, he rerekē tonu te āhua o te puku, he hītori whānau kaha rānei o te mate pukupuku colorectal, o ngā polyp rānei, me tango te colonoscopy, kaua te gastroscopy.
• Ko te hunga e mōhiotia ana he mate celiac, he mate korokoro a Barrett, he cirrhosis me ngā varicose veins, he polyps rānei o mua, kei raro i te wā tirotiro i whakatakotoria e tā rātou tākuta puku.

Ko te endoscopy te taahiraa tika e whai ake nei, me te endoscopy rānei, kei runga i te raruraru motuhake. Ka rerekē ngā hua i runga i ngā āhuatanga haumanu takitahi.

He aha ngā mea kāore e taea e te endoscopy te kite, te ārai rānei

He tirotiro mata te Endoscopy. He mea nui ōna ira matapo:

• Kāore e kitea mā roto i te pakitara. Kāore e taea te aromatawai i te hohonutanga o te puku, ngā kōpuku lymph me te horapa ki tua atu o te okana e te endoscopy paerewa; e hiahiatia ana he ultrasound endoscopic (EUS), CT, MRI rānei.
• Kāore te gastroscopy e aromatawai i te repe taiaki, te pūhā wai, te parenchyma ate, te aorta rānei. Kāore te gastroscopy noa e tohu i te mate kohatu o te puku, te pancreatitis, te mate pukupuku rānei o te repe taiaki.
• Kāore e taea te toro atu te nuinga o te whekau iti. Ka tae te gastroscopy paerewa ki te duodenum; ka tae te colonoscopy ki te wāhanga whakamutunga o te ileum. Mēnā kei waenganui i ēnei mate, me whai capsule endoscopy, enteroscopy, MR enterography rānei.
• Kāore te colonoscopy i te tino tika. Kāore pea e kitea ngā whara papatahi, ngā polyp ririki me ngā whara kei muri i ngā kōpuku, inā koa mēnā kāore i te pai te whakarite o te whekau, kāore rānei i tae atu ki te caecum.
• Kāore te gastroscopy e tautuhi i te mamae o te uma i roto i te ngākau. Ko te mamae o te uma, e kitea ana pea he mamae o te ngākau, me aromatawai i te ngākau, kaua e whakamanawa mai i te tirotiro noa.
• Kāore he tohu o ngā mate mahi. Ko te mate puku puku puku, te mate puku mahi, me te maha o ngā raruraru nekenekehanga ka puta he arai āhua noa. Ahakoa he pūrongo noa, ehara i te mea he mea hanga noa ngā tohu.
• He mea whiriwhiri te tango i te tauira koiora. Ko te tikanga o te koiora kino kāore he rerekētanga i kitea i roto i te kiko i tangohia; kāore e whakaatu ana he pai te āhua o te okana katoa.

Kāore i whakakorehia tētahi kitenga "kāore i tautuhia" i te wā endoscopy. Mēnā ka haere tonu, ka kino rānei ngā tohu ahakoa he pūrongo noa, me hoki atu ki tō tākuta, kaua e whakaaro kāore he hē anō.

Ngā whakamātautau e pā ana engari he rerekē

Kāore he tikanga kotahi e pai ake ana mō ngā mea katoa. He rerekē ngā pātai e whakautua ana e ēnei whakamātautau, ā, ko te whakamātautau tuatahi tika e whakawhirinaki ana ki te raruraru e pā ana, ko te toto, te kiriuhi waikura, te mare me te koretake o te kai ka arahi i tētahi tīmatanga rerekē.

Me pehea te whakarite

He mahi whakarite kei te whakahaerehia, ā, he rerekē i waenga i ngā hōhipera, i waenga i ngā tākuta tirotiro me waenga i ngā tikanga. Ko te pepa tohutohu tuhituhi mai i te wāhanga e mahi ana i tō tikanga te mea nui ake i ngā tohutohu whānui katoa, tae atu ki tēnei whārangi. Ngā tauira whānui:

• nohopuku: Ko te tikanga, ka mutu te kai mārō i ētahi hāora i mua i te whakamoe, ā, ka mutu te kai i ngā wai mārama i mua tata atu i te mahi. Ko ngā wā tika ka whakaritea e te wāhanga me te kaiwhakamoe.
• Te whakarite whekau: e hiahiatia ana mō te colonoscopy me te sigmoidoscopy. Kei roto i tēnei he wai whakangote, i ētahi wā ka wehea kia rua ngā horopeta, me te whakawhāiti kai mō te rā, neke atu rānei i mua.
• Ngā rongoā: Kōrerotia ki te tīma ngā rongoā me ngā tāpiringa katoa, inā koa ngā rongoā whakaiti toto, ngā rongoā ārai-pereti, te insulin me ētahi atu rongoā mate huka, ngā papa rino me ngā rongoā pehi waikawa. Kaua e tīmata, e whakamutu, e whakarerekē rānei i tētahi rongoā kua tohua e koe anake, pātai atu ki te kaiwhakatakoto rongoā, ki te tīma tirotiro hope rānei.
• Te kaiārahi me te kawe waka: Ki te mea kei te whakamaheretia he rongoā whakamoe, me haere tahi koe me tētahi pakeke whai kawenga ki te kāinga. Kaua e taraiwa, e eke i tētahi waka wira-rua, e whakahaere mīhini rānei mō te toenga o taua rā.
• Whakaaetanga me te hītori: whakapuaki i te mate manawa, te mate pūkahukahu rānei, te apnea moe, ngā raruraru whakamoe o mua, ngā mate pāwera, te hāputanga, ngā takirere manawa horihori, ngā taputapu kua whakatōkia me ngā pokanga puku o mua.

Mena he mate huka tōu kei te rongoā whakaheke huka

Ka taea e te nohopuku me te whakarite i te puku te whakaheke i te huka toto. Me whakarite te horopeta o te insulin me te sulfonylurea, ā, me whakamutu pea ngā aukati SGLT2 i mua i te nohopuku roa. Me whakarite tēnei i mua i te wā me tō kaiwhakahau, kaua e whakarerekētia e koe anō.

Mena kei te ngoikore tō ngākau, kei te mate whatukuhu mau tonu rānei

Ka taea e ngā whakaritenga puku nui te whakaputa i ngā nekehanga wai me ngā electrolyte. Kōrerotia te wāhanga mō te ngoikore o te ngākau, te dialysis, te CKD matatau, te cirrhosis me te ascites, tetahi herenga wai rānei kia taea ai te whiriwhiri i tētahi mahere whakarite me te aroturuki tika.

Mena kei te tango koe i ngā rongoā whakaiti toto, i ngā rongoā antiplatelet rānei

Ka whakatauritehia e ngā whakataunga te mōrearea toto i te wā o te koiora, te tango polyp rānei, me te mōrearea toto totoka mēnā ka mutu te rongoā, inā koa me ngā stent coronary hou, ngā takirere miihini, te fibrillation atrial rānei. He takitahi te mahere, ā, me ahu mai i te kaiwhakatakoto tohu me te endoscopist.

Mena kei te hapu koe, kei te whāngai u rānei

Ka mahia te tirotiro endoscopic i te wā e hapu ana mēnā e tino hiahiatia ana, i te nuinga o te wā mō te toto nui, ā, ka whakamaheretia ngātahitia me te tīma whānau. Ka whai whakaarohia te kōwhiringa whakamoe, te tūnga, te wā i te wā e hapu ana me te karo i ngā tikanga e ahu mai ana i te irahiko pēnei i te ERCP mēnā ka taea.

tamariki

Ka whakamahia e te tirotiro puku tamariki ngā karu iti ake, ngā ture nohopuku motuhake mō ngā tamariki, ā, ko te tikanga he whakamoe whānui, he whakamoe hohonu rānei me te kaiwhakamoe tamariki. He rerekē ngā tikanga whakarite puku e hāngai ana ki te taumaha i ngā tikanga pakeke, ā, me tohu e te tīma tamariki.

Nga pakeke

He iti noa te horopeta e hoatu ai te rongoā whakamoe, ā, me arotake anō te mōrearea o te ngoikore me te matewai i te wā e whakarite ana i te puku, me ngā rongoā e taunekeneke ana i mua i te tikanga.

He aha te mea ka tupu i te wā endoscopy

• Tirohia koe: Kua whakaūtia te tuakiri, te whakaaetanga, te tūnga nohopuku me ngā rongoā. Ka whakatakotoria he cannula hei whakamoe, ā, ka tāpirihia he aroturuki i te manawa, te toto toto me te hāora.
• Te whakangoikore, te whakamoe rānei: Mō te gastroscopy, ka taea te whakamahi i te rehu whakamoe korokoro ā-rohe, me te werohanga whakamoe ā-uaua, me te kore rānei. Ko te colonoscopy te tikanga ka mahia i raro i te whakamoe. Ko ētahi tikanga me whakamahi whakamoe whānui.
• Te whakawhiti i te whānuitanga: Ka takoto koe ki tō taha maui mō te tirotiro puku. Ka tiakina ngā niho e te ārai waha mō te tirotiro puku. Ka whakamahia te hau, te hauhā rānei hei whakatuwhera i te pūwero, ka pupuhi pea, ka hiahia rānei ki te ruaki, ki te tuku hau rānei, koinei te mea e tumanakohia ana.
• Te whakamātautau me te maimoatanga: Ka tirotirohia e te tākuta tirotiro pūtau te kiko, ka tangohia ngā whakaahua o ngā kitenga, ā, ka tangohia he koiora mēnā e tika ana. Kāore te koiora e mamae, nā te mea kāore he mamae o ngā pito io pērā i roto i te arai.
• Whakaora: Ka okioki koe i te wāhi whakaora kia mataara rā anō koe. Tērā pea ka tukuna atu he wai ki a koe ina mutu te rehu korokoro, ā, kua haumaru te horomi.
• rere: Ko te tikanga, ka whakamārama te tākuta tirotiro i ngā kitenga tirohanga i taua rā anō, ā, ka tukuna he pūrongo tuhituhi. Ka whai ake ngā hua o te koiora i muri mai.

Kia pēhea te roa o te tukanga

• Te tātaritanga o te puku: i te nuinga o te wā e 5-15 meneti te roa o te wā tirotiro.
• Te tirotiro i te koroni: i te nuinga o te wā e 20-45 meneti pea, he roa ake mēnā ka tangohia ngā polyp, he uaua rānei te whakatere i te koroni.
• ERCP, EUS me ngā tikanga rongoā matatini: he maha ngā wā e 45 meneti ki te neke atu i te haora.
• Te haerenga katoa ki te hōhipera: he torutoru hāora te roa, e wātea ana mō te rēhitatanga, ngā tirotiro i mua i te tikanga me te whakaoranga i muri i te whakamoe.
• Te whakarite whekau: ka tāpirihia pea he rā kotahi o te here kai me te whakamahi rongoā whakangā i mua i te colonoscopy.

He rerekē te whakaritenga tuturu me ngā wā whakaora i waenga i ngā waeine, ā, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te ranunga take o te rā.

Te mārama ki tō pūrongo

E whakaahua ana te pūrongo endoscopy i ngā mea i kitea, i te wāhi i mahia ai, me ngā mea i mahia. Ko ngā āhuatanga noa ko te whānuitanga i tae atu ai, te kounga o te tirohanga, te whakaritenga rānei o te puku, ngā whakaahuatanga o te arai, ngā whakaahua, ngā wāhi i kohia ai te kiko, me tetahi rongoā i mahia.

• "Te ako noa": He āhua noa iho ngā wāhi i kitea. He mea whakamarie tēnei mō ngā mate hanganga i taua rohe engari kāore e whakamārama i ngā tohu katoa, ā, kāore hoki e kapi i ngā okana kei waho i te taea e te tirohanga.
• Mumura, horo, gastritis, oesophagitis: ngā kupu whakaahua. Kāore te āhua tirohanga anake e tautuhi i te take; ngā koiora, Helicobacter pylori e hiahiatia ana ngā whakamātautau me ngā hītori haumanu.
• mate pukupuku: me kimi he take. Ko te tikanga ka tangohia he koiora mō ngā mate puku, ā, ka tirohia anō i muri mai.
• Polyp: He pai te nuinga o ngā polyp o te koroni. Mā te pūrongo kiko e whakatau te momo me te hiahia kia tirotirohia.
• Ngā mate pukupuku: ngā uaua kua nui haere, e pā ana ki te mate ate; me whakahaere e te tohunga.
• "Whā whakapae" "tipu rānei": he tirohanga ā-kanohi, ehara i te tātaritanga. Ko te pūrongo histopathology anake ka taea te whakaū, te whakahē rānei i te mate pukupuku.
• He rangahau kāore i oti: Mena kāore i tae ki te caecum, kāore rānei i te rawaka te whakarite, me mahi anō te whakamātautau, me mahi rānei i tētahi atu whakamātautau.

He whakaahua ngā kupu whakatauranga e whakamahia ana mō te oesophagitis, te gastritis, te hemorrhoids rānei, ā, he mea whakawhirinaki ki te kaimātakitaki. Kāore te "taurangi" e tohu i te kino o tō āhua, ā, ka rerekē pea te whakatauranga a ngā endoscopists e rua i te āhua kotahi. Kaua e mahi i runga i tētahi pūrongo me te kore e whakamāramahia e te tākuta nāna i tono.

Ina he ngā hua ka taea te tinihanga

Ngā kitenga e kore pea e whakamanawanui (e kiia ana he mate kei raro i te ingoa)

• Te whakarite puku ngoikore ka huna i ngā polyp me ngā whara iti i te wā o te colonoscopy.
• Whakamātautau kāore i oti: kāore te whānuitanga i neke ki te caecum, he whekau rānei e ārai ana i te putanga.
• Te rongoā pehi waikawa o nāianei, o nāianei rānei ka taea te whakaora i ngā huringa o te mata, ā, ka taea hoki te hanga H. pylori he hua teka ngā whakamātautau i mahia i te wā endoscopy.
• Ngā paturopi, ngā bismuth rānei o nā tata nei whakaitihia hoki te hua o H. pylori ngā whakamātautau e hangai ana ki te koiora.
• Toto, toenga kai rānei te huna i te tirohanga i te wā e rere ana te toto.
• Te mate kei waho i te torongae kore rawa e puta te mate whekau iti, te mate repeure, te mate rānei o waho o te lumen.
• Hapa tauira: kua tangohia ngā koiora mai i te wāhi rerekē.

Ngā kitenga e ahua kino atu ana i tō rātou āhua tūturu (kua nui rawa te mate kua karangatia)

• Te whara o te whānuitanga ka pā he karawarawa iti, he haehae rānei i te kiriuhi mucous e āhua rite ana ki te mate.
• Taonga momi me te whakapūtanga hau ka taea te hanga whero, ngā whara rūpahu rānei.
• Te whakarite i te puku ka pā he huringa ngawari ki te kiriuhi mucous e rite ana ki te colitis.
• "Kangāwari ngawari" kore-motuhake he mea tino noa te pūrongo, ā, he iti noa te pānga ki ngā tohu.
• Papa rino ka taea te whakapouri i te arai me te whai i te pathology.

Ngā mōrearea me te haumaru

He onge ngā raruraru nui mai i te tirotiro matapōkere, engari ehara i te mea kāore he raruraru, ā, he rerekē rawa te mōrearea puta noa i te whānau tirotiro matapōkere. Ka piki ake te mōrearea me ngā tikanga whakaora, ngā take toto tere, me te hunga he nui te mate o te ngākau, te pūkahukahu, te ate, te tākihi rānei.

Te tirotiro i te gastroscopy

Ngā mea noa, ngā mea iti hoki: te mamae o te korokoro, te pupuhi, te reo pāorooro rangitahi. Ngā mea kāore i te tino kitea: te toto i muri i te tango i te koiora, te tauhohenga ki te whakamoe, te iti o te hāora, te mimiti. Ngā mea onge: te poka o te paipa kai, o te puku rānei.

Te koroni me te polypectomy

He mea noa: te mamae o te puku, te pupuhi, te iti o te toto i muri i te tangohanga o te polyp, i te tangohanga rānei o te polyp. He mea onge, he mea onge rānei: te toto nui i muri i te tangohanga o te polyp (ka puta pea i muri i ngā rā), te pakaru o te puku, te mate wera i muri i te polypectomy, ngā raruraru o te whakarite puku pērā i te maroke o te wai, te raruraru electrolyte rānei.

ERCP

Koinei te mea e tino pāngia ana e ngā tukanga endoscopic GI noa. Ko ngā mōrearea e mōhiotia ana ko te pancreatitis i muri i te tukanga, te toto i muri i te sphincterotomy, te mate o ngā awaawa bile me te poka. Ka whakamahia e te ERCP ngā hihi-X, nō reira me whakapuaki te haputanga.

Bronchoscopy

Maremare, he hekenga poto o te hāora, he toto iti i muri i te kohi ira; he iti ake te kitea o te kirika, te toto e hiahia ana ki te wawaotanga, te pneumothorax rānei i muri i te kohi ira o te pukahukahu.

Tangiini

He werawera i te mimi, he iti noa te toto, he mate mimi; he onge noa iho te pupuri mimi, te whara rānei o te urethra.

Te whakamoe me te whakangote

Kei roto i ngā mōrearea ko te pōuri o te manawa, te toto toto iti, te manawa me ngā tauhohenga rongoā. He nui ake ēnei mōrearea i roto i te apnea moe ārai, te momona, te mate ngākau nui, te mate pūkahukahu rānei, te ngoikore me ngā tikanga ohorere. Mā te rongoā whakamoe e aroturukitia ana e ngā kaimahi whakangungu ka whakaiti i tēnei mōrearea, engari kāore e tangohia.

Ka rerekē ngā hua i runga i ngā āhuatanga haumanu takitahi. Pātai atu ki tō tākuta tirotiro ira kia ine i tō ake mōrearea mō te tikanga kua whakaritea.

Nga ahuatanga motuhake

Te wa hapu

Ka whakaroahia te tirotiro endoscopic mēnā kāore i te kaha te tohu. Ko te tirotiro gastroscopic mō te toto nui te take tino noa. Ka karohia, ka tiakina rānei, ka whakaitihia ngā tikanga e pā ana ki te radiation, ā, ka whai wāhi te tīma whānau ki te whakamahere.

tamariki

Mā ngā tākuta puku tamariki e whakahaere te endoscope tamariki me te tautoko whakamoe tamariki. He rerekē ngā tohu i ērā o ngā pakeke, ā, kei roto ko te whakapae he mate celiac, te mumura o te paipa kai e pā ana ki te kai, te whakapae he tinana ke, me te mate korere mau tonu me te ngoikore o te tipu.

Nga pakeke

I te nuinga o te wā ka whakaitihia ngā horopeta whakamoe, me whakarerekē pea te whakarite i te puku kia kore ai e matewai, ā, ka paunatia ngā painga o ngā tikanga tirotiro ki te hauora whānui me te roanga o te oranga.

Te mate huka i runga i te maimoatanga whakaheke huka

Ka piki ake te mōrearea o te hypoglycemia i te nohopuku me te whakarite i te puku. Me whakaae tahi me te kaiwhakatakoto rongoā me te mahere aroturuki me te kaiwhakatakoto i mua i te rā o te mahi. Kawea atu ngā taputapu aroturuki huka me te maimoatanga mō te huka iti ki te hōhipera.

Te mate tākihi mau tonu me te ngoikore o te ngakau

Me whakarite kia rite te whiriwhiri i te whakaritenga, te nui o te wai me te aroturuki i ngā electrolytes. Whakapuakina ngā wātaka dialysis kia taea ai te whakarite i te wā.

Te mate ate me te cirrhosis

Ka whakamahia te endoscopy hei rapu me te rongoā i ngā varicose o te esophagus. Ko ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te toto totoka, te iti o ngā pereti toto me te aro ki te whakamoe i roto i te mate ate kua whanake haere, me whakarite katoa ēnei mea.

Ngā taputapu kua whakatōkia me ngā takirere hangai

Ka pāngia te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu hiko pokanga e ngā taputapu pacemaker me ngā defibrillator whakauru, nō reira me kī atu. Ehara i te mea noa te hipoki paturopi i mua i te endoscopy mō te nuinga o ngā tūroro; he whakatau takitahi te whakatau.

Endoscopy i roto i te horopaki Inia

• Ko ngā tohu noa e whakaata ana i ngā tauira mate ā-rohe. Te mate peptic waikawa me te Helicobacter pyloriKo te gastritis e pā ana ki te puku he take maha mō te gastroscopy. He mea nui te mate kohi puku hei wehewehe i te mate pukupuku ileocaecal, ā, ka taea te whakatauira i te mate a Crohn, ā, ko ngā koiora koroni me te whakamātautau kiko te mea nui hei wehewehe i a rātou.
• Ko te mate ate mau tonu te tino take o te endoscopy mō te tirotiro me te here i te varicose, tae atu ki te mate ate steatotic e pā ana ki te waipiro me te mate pāwera o te pūnaha io (MASLD, te kupu i whakakapi i te NAFLD; MASH i whakakapi i te NASH, me te MetALD e whakaahua ana i ngā takoha e pā ana ki te pūnaha io me te waipiro).
• Te whara o te ate me te puku i puta mai i te rongoā Mai i te rongoā ārai-kohi, ngā rongoā whakamamae mamae kore-steroidal i hokona mai i te kaute, me ētahi AYUSH, ngā rongoā otaota me ngā rongoā whakapakari tinana he take e mōhiotia ana; whakapuakina ngā mea katoa e tangohia ana e koe, tae atu ki ngā rongoā kāore i te whakahaunga.
• Te horomitanga waikura me te tango i ngā mea ke he maha tonu ngā tohu mō te tirotiro ohorere, inā koa mō ngā tamariki.
• He mea nui te whakamahinga o te reo ā-iwi. Tērā pea ka kīia e ngā tūroro me ngā reta tuku he "scopy", "camera test", "upper GI scopy" "pet ki jaanch" rānei, ā, ko te tikanga he tohu ēnei katoa ki ngā tikanga kua whakaahuatia i konei, engari ka whakaū ko tēhea okana kei te tirotirohia.
• Parenga Raraunga. He raraunga hauora whaiaro tairongo ngā whakaahua, ngā ataata me ngā pūrongo endoscopy; ko te whakahaere i te whakaaetanga me ngā tuhinga mamati kei raro i te Ture Tiaki Raraunga Whaiaro Mamati, 2023, me ngā herenga muna ngaio i raro i ngā ture whanonga a te Komihana Hauora ā-Motu.
• Ngā ture pānuitanga. Kāore e whakaaetia ngā kereme e kī ana ka taea e tetahi tikanga te whakaora i te mate i raro i te Drugs and Magic Remedies (Exjectionable Advertising) Act, 1954; kia ruarua ki ngā mōkihi e kī ana he hua kua oti te whakarite.

Te utu me te inihua i Inia

He rerekē rawa ngā utu i waenga i ngā tāone, i waenga i ngā whare hauora kāwanatanga me ngā whare hauora tūmataiti, me waenga i ngā tikanga tātaritanga me ngā tikanga whakaora. Ko ngā utu e whakahuatia ana i ngā wāhi katoa me whakaaro he tohu noa iho, ā, me whakaū ki te whare hauora mā te tuhituhi i mua i te tikanga.

Ngā āhuatanga e whakarerekē ana i te utu:

• Momo tukanga: Ko te gastroscopy tātaritanga te mea iti rawa te utu o te rōpū; ka piki haere te utu o te colonoscopy, te EUS me te ERCP.
• Whakamoe, whakangote rānei: he rehu korokoro anake, he whakamoe whakamārie, he whakamoe whānui rānei me te kaiwhakamoe, he rerekē te nui e tāpirihia ana e ia rongoā.
• Ngā taapiringa rongoā: Ko ngā mahanga polypectomy, ngā topenga, ngā kete here, ngā stent, ngā whakawhanui, ngā werohanga me ngā taputapu tiki ka utua hei taonga pau.
• Te Histopathology: ka utua te tukatuka koiora mō ia poraka tauira, me ngā tae motuhake, te matū ārai mate, te whakamātautau kiko rānei mō te mate kohi.
• Tiaki tamariki me te tiaki hōhipera: te wāhi whakaora, te kāwai rūma me tetahi nohoanga mō te pō.
• Momo whare me te tāone: te taumata o te tāone, te tūnga whakamanatanga me te mea he kāwanatanga, he tari whakawhirinaki, he umanga rānei te wāhanga.
• Ngā tikanga ohorere i waho o ngā hāora mahi he nui ake te utu i ngā rārangi kua whakaritea.

Ngā mea hei tirotiro mā te inihua: he maha ngā kaupapa here inihua e kapi ana i te tirotiro endoscopic ina he wāhanga o te whakaurunga, o te tiaki tamariki rānei kua kapi, engari ka kore pea e whakaurua te tirotiro endoscopic tātaritanga o waho. Manatokohia te kapinga o te tiaki tamariki, te tūnga whatunga kore moni, ngā whakaritenga whakamanatanga i mua, ngā wā tatari mō te mate kua pā mai, me te utu mō ngā taonga pau me te histopathology. Ko ngā kaupapa kāwanatanga pēnei i a Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY e kapi ana i ngā mōkihi kua tohua i ngā hōhipera kua whakauruhia, me whakaū te whai mana me ngā whakaurunga mōkihi ki te tēpu inihua o te hōhipera.

Ngā pūrākau me ngā meka

Pātai auau

Ka ara ake ahau i te wā o te endoscopy?

Kei te tikanga me te wāhanga mahi tēnā. He maha ngā wā ka mahia te gastroscopy mā te rehu korokoro anake, mā te rongoā whakamoe māmā rānei, nō reira ka hiamoe pea koe engari ka taea te oho ake. Ko te colonoscopy he maha ngā wā ka mahia i raro i te rongoā whakamoe. Ko ētahi tikanga, me te nuinga o ngā endoscopie tamariki, me hiahia ki te rongoā whakamoe whānui. Kōrerohia tō hiahia me tō hauora i mua i te wā.

Ka taea e te endoscopy te whakaatu tonu mai mēnā he mate pukupuku tōku?

Ka taea e te tirotiro ā-roto te whakaatu i tētahi whara e āhua whakapae ana, ā, ka kī pea te tākuta tirotiro ā-roto i taua rā anō. Me whakaū te histopathology o te koiora, ka pūrongohia motuhaketia. Ko te whakatau i te taumata, te hohonu me te horapa, me whai whakamātautau tāpiri pērā i te ultrasound endoscopic, CT, PET-CT rānei.

Me whai colonoscopy ahau mēnā he noa taku gastroscopy?

Kāore i te aunoa. Ka whakautua e te gastroscopy me te colonoscopy ngā pātai rerekē mō ngā wāhanga rerekē o te puku. Ka whakaarohia te colonoscopy ina tohu ngā tohu, te toto, te anemia, te hītori whānau, ngā whakaritenga tirotiro rānei ki te koroni. Ko te whakatau kei te tākuta e aromatawai ana i a koe.

Kia pēhea te roa ka taea e au te kai me te hoki ki te mahi?

I muri i tētahi tikanga tātaritanga māmā me te whakamoe, ka kai te nuinga o te tangata i muri i te oho ake me te horomi haumaru, ā, ka hoki anō ki ngā mahi o ia rā i te aonga ake. Kaua e taraiwa, kaua e whakamahi mīhini me ngā whakatau nui mō te toenga o te rā. Tērā pea he roa ake ngā here kai me ngā mahi a ngā tikanga whakaora.

He haumaru te endoscopy mēnā he mate manawa, he mate pūkahukahu rānei tōku?

He maha tonu ngā wā ka taea te whakamahi i te endoscopy, engari he nui ake te mōrearea o te moe whakamoe, ā, me whakamahere. Kōrerotia ki te tīma te angina, te whakaeke ngakau tata nei, te ngoikore o te ngakau, te arrhythmia, te stent, te COPD, te huango, te whakamahinga hāora, te apnea moe rānei. Ka whakarerekētia te aroturukitanga, te whiriwhiri i te moe whakamoe, me te whai wāhi a te kaiwhakamoe i ētahi wā.

He aha ahau me tango ai i tētahi rongoā whekau nui pēnei mō te colonoscopy?

He iti ngā polyp me ngā mate pukupuku tōmua, ā, he ngāwari ki te huna i muri i ngā tūtae. Mā te koroni ma ka pai ake te kite me te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te mahi anō. Mena he mate tākihi tōu, he ngoikore o te ngākau, he aukati wai, he mate huka rānei, pātai atu ki te tari mō tētahi tikanga whakarite e tika ana mō tō āhua.

A, mehemea ka haere tonu aku tohu i muri i te tirotiro mata noa?

Whakahokia ki te tākuta nāna i tono te tikanga. Tērā pea ka whakaata ngā tohu e haere tonu ana i tētahi āhuatanga kāore e taea e te endoscopy te whakaatu, pērā i te nekehanga, te mate mahi rānei, te pūkahukahu, te repeure rānei.