ECG (Electrocardiogram): Ngā Mea e Whakaatuhia ana e te Aroturuki Manawa? me Ngā Mea Kāore e Taea

Take take

• Tere, kāore hoki e pokanoa: Ka hopukina e te ECG paerewa 12-ara mō ētahi hēkona, ā, kāore e mamae.
• He whakaahua poto tēnei: E whakaahua ana te ECG noa i te ngohe hiko o te ngākau i roto i aua hēkona anake.
• Kāore e whakaahua i ngā uaua, i ngā takirere rānei: E whakaatuhia ana ngā tohu hiko e te ECG, ehara i te rere o te toto, i ngā aukati, i te hanganga rānei o te takirere.
• Me whai horopaki te whakamaoritanga: He mea noa te aroturukitanga kotahi mō tētahi tangata, ā, he mea nui mō tētahi atu.
• Ka nui ake te pānga o ngā tohu pumau ki te hua noa: Ki te haere tonu te mamae o te uma, te tere rānei o te pao, me toro atu ki tō tākuta.

I te titiro

E mohiotia ano ko

• ECG, EKG (tuhinga i ahu mai i Tiamana, elektrokardiogramm)
• Te hiko o te manawa, te hiko o te ngakau
• "Whakamātautau ECG", "aroturuki ngākau", "whakamātautau kauwhata ngākau", "ECG 12-arataki"
• Te whakamahi i te reo Hindi/iwi i roto i nga whare haumanu Inia: "dil ka ECG", "dil ki janch wali machine"

He aha te ECG

Ka tīmata ia pao o te ngakau hei nekehanga hiko i roto i te pūnga sinus, ka horapa mā te atria, ka whiti i te pūnga atrioventricular ka haere ki roto i ngā ventricles. Ka tangohia e te ECG ēnei huringa ngaohiko i te mata o te kiri ka tāia hei ngaru: te ngaru P (whakahohenga atrial), te matatini QRS (whakahohenga ventricular) me te ngaru T (whakaora ventricular). Tekau ngā irahiko e whakaputa ana i te tekau mā rua ngā "tirohanga" hiko rerekē o te ngakau.

He taputapu whakarongo te mīhini ECG. Kāore e tukuna te iahiko ki roto i te tinana.

He aha i mahia ai he ECG

• Te mamae o te uma, te pēhanga rānei o te uma: hei rapu i ngā tauira o te ischemia ū tonu, o te infarction rānei, me te ārahi i ngā whakatau maimoatanga wawe tonu.
• Ngā tere o te manawa, te ngaro o te mārama, te tata hemo rānei: hei tuhi i te manawataki mēnā kei te kitea te tohu, me te rapu mō ngā hapa o te kawe i te oro, te repolarization rānei.
• Te kore manawa: hei wāhanga o tētahi aromatawai whānui o te ngākau me te manawa.
• Ngā mate ngakau e mōhiotia ana: te aroturuki i te arrhythmia, te infarction myocardial o mua, te ngoikore o te ngakau, te cardiomyopathy rānei.
• Ngā tirotiro a te pacemaker, te ICD rānei: me te uiuinga taputapu ōkawa.
• Te aro turuki i te rongoā me te electrolyte: ka pāngia te wā QT e ētahi rongoā; ka huri ngā āhua o te ngaru i ngā raruraru o te pāhare pāporo me te konupūmā.
• I mua i te pokanga, i mua rānei i te tīmatanga o ētahi maimoatanga, mēnā e tika ana mō te āhuatanga haumanu.

Ko wai me whiwhi i tēnei whakamātautau

• Te tangata e pāngia ana e te mamae nui o te uma, te pēhanga, te mamae rānei e horapa ana ki te kauae, te kaki, te ringa rāneiMe whai ECG ohorere tēnei, kaua e whakaritea he wā whakarite.
• Ko te hunga e tere ana te pao o te puku, e hemo ana te upoko, e kore rānei e mārama te take, e kitea ana rānei he pao o te puku kāore i te tika te tuhi.
• Ngā tāngata e mōhiotia ana he mate uaua ngakau, he ngoikore o te ngakau, he mate takirere, he mate ngakau rūmātiki rānei e ai ki ngā tohutohu a ō rātou tākuta ngakau.
• Ngā tāngata e pāngia ana e te toto toto tiketike, te mate huka, te mate tākihi mau tonu rānei ina aromatawaihia e te tākuta te whai wāhi o te ngākau.
• Ko te hunga e tango ana i ngā rongoā e mōhiotia ana ka pā ki te nekehanga o te ngākau, ki te wā QT rānei, ina tūtohu te kaiwhakatakoto rongoā kia aroturukitia.
• Ngā kaitākaro me ngā kaitākaro whakataetae mēnā e pā ana tētahi tikanga tirotiro, me te hunga he hītori whānau tō rātou o te matenga ohorere o te ngākau, te mate ngākau tuku iho rānei.
• Ngā tāngata e aromatawaihia ana i mua i te pokanga nui, i runga i te tau, ngā tohu me ngā mate tāpiri, kaua i te mea he mea noa mō te katoa.

He iti noa iho ngā hua ka puta mai i te ECG auau i roto i te tangata kāore he tohu, kāore hoki he āhuatanga mōrearea, ā, ka puta pea he kitenga tūpono ka arahina atu ki ētahi atu whakamātautau. He whakatau haumanu te whakatau mēnā he whai hua te ECG ki a koe.

Ngā mea kāore e taea e te ECG te kite, te whakakore rānei

Koinei te wāhanga o te whakamātautau e tino pōhēhētia ana.

• Kāore e taea te whakakore i te mate uaua ngakau. He mea noa te ECG okiokinga mō te hunga e whaiti haere ana ngā uaua o te ngākau. Kāore te ECG e whakaatu i ngā uaua o te ngākau i te katoa.
• Kāore e taea te ārai i te mate ngakau i a ia anō. I te tīmatanga o te infarction, tera pea te āhua o te ECG he mea noa, he mea tata noa rānei. Ko te tikanga me whai ECG raupapa me te troponin o te ngakau me te aromatawai haumanu mō te tautuhi mate.
• Kāore e taea e ia te hopu pono i te arrhythmia ā-wā. Ki te kore te manawataki rerekē e puta i roto i aua hēkona torutoru, ka āhua noa te aroturuki. Me aroturuki haereere.
• Kāore e ine i te mahi a te papu. Ko te wāhanga ejection, te whaiti, te turuturu rānei o te takirere, te wai pericardial me ngā toto totoka he pātai mō te echocardiography, ehara i te pātai ECG.
• Kāore e ine i te toto toto, te cholesterol, te ōrau aukati rānei.
• Kāore e taea te tautuhi i ngā āhuatanga ohorere o te pukahukahu, o te aorta rānei. Tērā pea ka puta he huringa ECG kore-motuhake i te embolism pūkahukahu me te tapatapahinga aorta; me rapu whakaahua.
• Ko te tikanga o te "ECG noa" kāore he āhuatanga rerekē i kitea i roto i taua rekoata. Kāore i rite ki te "kāore i te whai i te mate ngākau". Mēnā ka mau tonu ō tohu, ka hoki mai rānei ahakoa te ECG noa, me hoki atu ki tō tākuta.

Ngā whakamātautau e pā ana engari he rerekē

He rerekē ngā pātai ka whakautua e ēnei whakamātautau. Ko tēhea te mea tuatahi, kei te āhua o te whakaaturanga: ko te mamae ohorere o te uma ka arahi ki te ECG me te troponin tonu; ko te tere o te pao o te uma ka arahi ki te aroturuki haereere; ko te kore manawa me te ngunguru ka arahi ki te echocardiography; ko te mamae o te uma i roto i te tūroro pumau ka arahi pea ki te whakamātautau ahotea, ki te CT coronary angiography rānei, kei runga i te mōrearea me te wātea o te rohe.

Me pehea te whakarite

Ko te nuinga o ngā wāhanga kāore e hiahiatia he whakaritenga motuhake mō te ECG okiokinga. He rerekē ngā tikanga i waenga i ngā hōhipera me ngā pokapū tātaritanga, ā, ko ngā tohutohu e hoatu ana e tō ake wāhanga te mea nui ake i ngā mea kua tuhia ki konei.

• Kāore he nohopuku e hiahiatia ana mō tētahi ECG okiokinga paerewa.
• Clothing: kākahuria he mea e taea ai te uru atu ki te uma, ki ngā ringaringa me ngā pona waewae. He māmā ake te kākahu takirua-wāhanga i te kākahu kotahi-wāhanga.
• Pee: Āta karohia te hinu, te hinu whakamakuku, te paura taruku rānei ki te uma i taua rā, nā te mea ka ngoikore te pa atu o ngā hikohiko. Tērā pea me kutikuti ētahi tāne i ngā wahi iti o te huruhuru o te uma.
• Ngā rongoā: Kawea mai tō rārangi o nāianei. Kaua e mutu, kaua e peke, kaua hoki e whakarerekē i tētahi rongoā kua tohua i mua i te ECG ki te kore koe e tohutohu atu e te tākuta.
• Te whakapau kaha nui me ngā mea whakaohooho: Mā te whakakori tinana kaha, te nui o te kawheine, te tupeka, te waipiro rānei i mua tata o te whakamātautau ka piki ake te tere o te manawa, ā, ka uaua ake te whakamaoritanga. Okioki mō ētahi meneti i mua i te tuhi.
• Kōrero atu ki ngā kaimahi mēnā he taputapu whakatere manawa tōu, he mate pāwera kiri, he mate piri rānei, he takai uma, mēnā rānei kei te mamae koe.

Mena kei te hapu koe

Ka whakamahia he ECG okioki i te wā e hapu ana ina tohua e te rata. Kāore he irahiko. He nui ake te tere o te ngakau i te wā e hapu ana, ā, ka puta ētahi huringa o te tuaka me te repolarization, nō reira ka pānuihia te aroturuki ki ngā paerewa o te haputanga. Tērā pea he mea whakararuraru te takoto papatahi i te wā e hapu ana, me kī atu ki te tohunga hangarau, nā te mea ka whakamahia pea he tūranga whakarara.

tamariki

He iti ake ngā irahiko e whakamahia ana e ngā ECG tamariki, ā, he mea nui, he whakamārama e pā ana ki te tau. Ko ngā tere o te ngakau, ngā wā me ngā tauira ngaru e noa ana i roto i te pēpi hou, he mea rerekē i roto i te pakeke. Me ripoata te ECG tamariki ki ngā paerewa tamariki.

Nga pakeke

He mea noa ngā panoni iti o te kawe i te ira me ngā āhuatanga rerekē kāore i te tino kitea i te pakeketanga, ā, ehara i te mea he mate tonu. He maha ngā wā ka nui ake ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te whakataurite ki tētahi ECG o mua atu i te whai i te ira anake.

Ngā tāngata e mate huka ana, e mate pūkahukahu ana, e ngoikore ana rānei te ngākau

Kāore he herenga wai, he herenga nohopuku rānei e pā ana ki te ECG okioki, nō reira kāore anō kia rerekē ngā tohutohu mō ēnei rōpū. Tērā pea ka pōturi, ka rerekē rānei ngā tohu o te ischemia i roto i te mate huka roa, nō reira ka taea te tono ECG mō ngā tohu kāore i te tino mārama pērā i te ngenge rerekē, te kore manawa rānei. I roto i te CKD me te ngoikore o te ngakau, ka taea e te pāhare pākawa me ētahi atu nekehanga electrolyte te whakarerekē i te ECG, ahakoa te ngakau tonu.

Pacemaker, taputapu rānei kua whakatōkia

Ka taea te tuhi haumaru i tētahi ECG me te whakamahi i tētahi pacemaker, i tētahi ICD rānei, ā, ka āwhina i te whakaatu mēnā kei te tere te tere o te taputapu. Kāore e whakakapi i te uiuinga ōkawa a te tīma tohunga ngakau i te taputapu.

He aha te mea ka tupu i te wā o te ECG

• Whakatūnga: Kei runga koe i te tūru. Ka kitea te uma, ngā ringaringa me ngā pona ina hiahiatia; ka whakamahia he whāriki, he kākahu rānei hei tiaki i a koe anō, ā, ka taea e koe te tono i tētahi kaiāwhina wahine.
• Te whakatakotoranga hiko: Tekau ngā irahiko e piri ana ki ngā papa tiēre, ki ngā papa piri rānei, e ono ki te uma, kotahi ki ia peka. He mea nui te whakatakotoranga tika, nā te mea ka puta he tohu hē ki ngā taura kua he te whakatakotoranga.
• Te tuhi: Ka tonoa koe kia takoto mārire, kia manawa noa, kaua e kōrero mō ētahi hēkona. Mā te nekehanga, te wiri me te kōrero ka hangaia he taonga tuku iho.
• I muri: Kua tihorea ngā hiko. Kāore he wā whakaora, ā, ka taea e koe te hoki tonu ki ngā mahi o ia rā. Ka taea te muru i te hinu; tera pea ka māwhero te kiri mō te wā poto i ngā wāhi i piri ai ngā papa.

Kia pēhea te roa o te tukanga

• Ko te whai i a ia anō: te nuinga o te wā he 10 hēkona te roa o te hopunga.
• I roto i te rūma: ko te tikanga he 5-10 meneti tae atu ki te tūnga me te whakatakotoranga hiko.
• Te haerenga katoa: he maha ngā wā e 15-20 meneti te roa mō te rēhitatanga me te tatari, ahakoa kei te waeine te katoa o tēnei.
• Pūrongo: Mēnā he āhuatanga ohorere, ka pānuitia te ECG i roto i ngā meneti i te taha o te moenga. Mō ngā whakamātautau ā-waho, ko te roa o te tuku pūrongo ka whakawhirinaki ki te tukanga mahi a te waeine, pātai atu ki te tari whiwhinga ina kohia te ine.

Te mārama ki tō pūrongo ECG

E toru ngā wāhanga o tētahi pūrongo ECG: ngā tau ine, he whakamaoritanga rorohiko, me te pānui a te tākuta. Ko te pānui a te tākuta te mea nui. He maha ngā wā ka hē ngā whakamaoritanga aunoa, inā koa ngā hapa e pā ana ki te karanga nui.

Ngā kupu ka kitea pea e koe:

• Te manawataki sinus noa: Kei te tīmata te hihiri i te wāhi noa, ā, kei te haere noa.
• Te takikardia o te sinus / te bradycardia o te sinus: he auau noa, he tere ake, he puhoi ake rānei i te tikanga. He maha ngā take harakore o ngā mea e rua, arā, te manukanuka, te kirika, te mamae, te maroke o te tinana, te toto toto iti, te mate tairoi, te taumata hauora, te rongoā rānei.
• Te whakapūpū o te atrium: he manawataki koretake mai i te atria, he mea nui nā te mea ka tupono ka whiua te roro, ā, he maha hoki ngā wā e hiahiatia ana he maimoatanga motuhake.
• Ngā pāwera whānau / ngā pāwera wawe: ngā whiu tāpiri. He maha ngā wā kāore he kino, engari he maha ngā wā ka arotakehia te ectopy, te ectopy rānei me ngā tohu.
• Te aukati AV tohu tuatahi, te aukati peka paihere matau, te RBBB kāore i oti: ngā tauira whakawhiti ira he rerekētanga noa pea i ētahi tāngata, he rerekētanga nui i ētahi atu.
• Te aukati i te peka paihere maui, te pikinga hou o te ST, te hekenga rānei, te hurihanga o te ngaru-T, ngā ngaru Q: ngā tauira e hiahia ana kia tere te hononga haumanu me te whakataurite ki tētahi ECG o mua.
• Te whakanui ake i te uaua maui "mā ngā paearu ngaohiko": he tohu hiko o te uaua matotoru, ehara i te ine. Mā te echocardiography tēnei e aromatawai tika.
• QT roa, poto rānei: e pā ana ki te mōrearea o te arrhythmia me ētahi rongoā. Kōrero ki te kaiwhakatakoto tohu, kaua hoki e whakamutu i te rongoā māu ake.
• "Ngā huringa ST-T kore-motuhake": he kīanga tino noa e kī ana ehara te whai i te mea noa i roto i te pukapuka engari kāore e tohu ana ki tētahi tātaritanga kotahi. Kāore i te maha ngā wā ka mataku koe i a ia anō; mō te tangata whai tohumate ka akiaki i te aromatawai anō.

Kāore he wā tohutoro tau e rārangihia ana i tēnei whārangi. Ko ngā awhe noa mō te tere o te ngakau me ngā wā PR, QRS me QT e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tau, te ira tangata, te tere o te ngakau, te āhua o te tinana, te rongoā me te tikanga ine e whakamahia ana, ā, ka whakamahia e te tākuta ripoata. Ko te tau kotahi i waho o te awhe pukapuka ehara i te mate. Ka rerekē ngā hua i runga i ngā āhuatanga haumanu takitahi, ā, me whakamārama tō ECG i roto i te horopaki e te tākuta nāna i tono.

Ina he te āhua o ngā hua o te ECG

Ngā kitenga ka kitea he rerekē te āhua

• Te hē o te whakatakotoranga o te arataki, te huri rānei o ngā arataki peka: ka taea te whakatauira i te infarction, te pehanga tuaka, te rerekētanga o te manawataki rānei.
• Te nekehanga, te wiri, te wiri, te kōrero rānei: Ka taea e te taonga te whakatauira i te arrhythmia. Ko te wiri o Parkinson me te pokanoa hiko ngā tino take.
• Manukanuka, mamae, kirika, mahi taumaha, whakaohooho rānei i ngā wā tata nei: ka whakapiki ake i te tere, ā, ka pā pea ngā huringa ST-T.
• Te āhua o te tinana, te kiko o te ū, te emphysema, te rahi rānei o te tinana: ka whakarerekē i te kaha o te tohu, ā, ka taea te whakaatu teka, te huna rānei i te hypertrophy.
• Ngā momo noa: Ko te wawe o te whakahokinga mai o te pōro me ngā tauira ngaru-T o te taiohi i roto i te hunga rangatahi, hauora, me te hunga hākinakina e kiia ana he ischemia.
• Te whakamaoritanga rorohiko: He nui rawa te ripoata a ngā rauropi i tētahi āhuatanga rerekē, ā, ko te kupu pēnei i te "infarct" i runga i te rīpene ehara i te tautuhi mate.

Ngā kitenga e āhua noa ana, e āhua whakamarie ana rānei

• Te mate urutā myocardial tino wawe: Kāore pea te ECG i te tino kitea i ngā haora tuatahi; he maha ngā wā ka rerekē ngā aroturukitanga auau.
• Mate pūkahukahu pumau: i te nuinga o te wā ka puta he ECG okiokinga tino noa.
• Te arrhythmia wā poto: kāore e kitea mēnā kāore e puta i te wā e hopukina ana.
• Te aukati o te peka paihere maui o mua, te tere o te manawataki, te mate urutā tawhito rānei: ka taea te huna i ngā huringa ischemia hou.
• Te mate puku o muri, o te rohe motuhake rānei: tērā pea kāore i te tino pai te whakaaturanga i runga i ngā ara paerewa.
• Nga hua rongoa: Ko ētahi rongoā ka whakaroa i te tere, ka whakarerekē rānei i te kawe i te toto, ka whakangawari i ngā kitenga.

Nā ngā taha e rua o te hapa, ka pānuitia te ECG i te taha o ō tohumate, te whakamātautau, ngā tirotiro o mua, ā, ki te hiahiatia, ngā whakamātautau toto me te whakaahua.

Ngā mōrearea me te haumaru

ECG 12-arataki okiokinga

He tino iti te mōrearea o te tuhi i te ECG okiokinga. Kāore he irahiko, kāore he ngira, kāore hoki he iahiko e tukuna ana ki te tinana. Ko ngā raruraru tūturu ko te riri iti o te kiri, te whero rānei mai i ngā papa piri, te mamae mēnā ka kutikutia te huruhuru o te uma, me te ngaronga poto o te tūmataitinga i te wā e whakatakotoranga ana te hiko.

Te aroturuki haereere (Holter, patch, monitor huihuinga)

Ko ngā raruraru matua ko te mumura o te kiri i raro i ngā hiko kua roa e mau ana, te mākūkū, me ngā here ki te kaukau i te wā e mau ana te taputapu. Whāia ngā tohutohu a te waeine mō te taputapu motuhake.

Te ahotea (whakakorikori tinana) ECG

He rerekē, he nui ake hoki te mōrearea o te ECG ahotea i te ECG okiokinga, nā te mea kua āta pāngia te ngākau e te ahotea. Ko ngā mōrearea kāore i te tino kitea engari e mōhiotia ana ko te mamae o te uma i whakaohokia, te arrhythmia, te huringa nui o te toto toto, te hemonga, ā, he onge noa iho, ko ngā mate ngākau nui. Ka mahia tēnei me te tirotiro me ngā whare whakaora e wātea ana, ā, kāore e tika mō te katoa, hei tauira, i te wā e whakapaetia ana he mate pūkahukahu nui, he mate takirere kino rānei. Ka paunatia takitahitia ēnei āhuatanga e te tākuta e tono ana.

Kaua ngā tauākī haumaru mō te momo ECG kotahi e whakamahia ki te whānau whakamātautau katoa.

Nga ahuatanga motuhake

Te wa hapu

He mea noa te tere o te manawa me te kore manawa i te wā e hapu ana, ā, ko te ECG te whakamātautau tuatahi i te nuinga o te wā. He haumaru tēnei mō te whakamahi i te irahiko. Me whai whakaaro te whakamaoritanga ki ngā huringa e pā ana ki te haputanga i roto i te tere, te tuaka me ngā ngaru T. Me arotake wawe ngā tohu hou nui i te wā e hapu ana, i te wā rānei i muri i te whānautanga, kaua e whakamanawanui.

Nga tamariki me nga taiohi

Me pānui ngā ECG tamariki me ngā paerewa e pā ana ki te tau. Ko te kitenga kua tapaina he rerekē e ngā paearu pakeke he mea noa pea mō te tamaiti. Ko te hemo i te wā e whakakorikori tinana ana, te hemo i te wā e ngoikore ana nā te wehi, te haruru rānei, te mate ohorere rānei o tētahi whanaunga taitamariki i roto i te whānau, he take motuhake ēnei hei rapu i te tirotiro a te taote ngakau tamariki.

Nga pakeke

Ka nui haere te kitea o ngā rerekētanga o te atrial fibrillation me te conduction i te pakeketanga. Tērā pea he rerekē ngā tohu o te ischemia, he ngenge, he pōhēhē, he kore manawa rānei, kaua ki te mamae uma noa.

Ngā tāngata e mate huka ana i te maimoatanga whakaheke huka

Kāore e hiahiatia he nohopuku mō te ECG okiokinga, nō reira ka haere tonu ngā kai me ngā rongoā mate huka e ai ki te whakahaunga. He nui ake te kitea o te ischemia puku, kāore rānei i te rite ki te mate huka i roto i te wā roa, e whakaiti ana i te paepae mō te whakamātautau.

Te mate tākihi mau tonu me te dialysis

Ka tino whakarerekētia te ECG e ngā raruraru o te pāhare pākawa me te konupūmā, ā, i ētahi wā he mōrearea, ā, ka rerekē pea te aroturuki i mua atu, i muri hoki i te wā tātaritanga. Ka whakamāramahia ngā huringa ECG i konei me te matū o te toto.

Ko te ngoikore o te ngakau

Mā te ECG ka āwhina i te tautuhi i ngā raruraru manawataki, te whakaroa i te tukunga o te manawa me te mate urutā o mua, ā, ka whakamōhio hoki i ngā whakatau mō te rongoā taputapu. Kāore e ine i te wāhanga ejection, engari mā te echocardiography e ine.

Ngā kaitākaro

He maha ngā wā ka whakaatuhia e ngā kaitākaro whakangungu he puhoi te tere o te okiokinga, he tere te whakahokinga mai o te uaua me te pikinga o ngā ngaohiko e pā ana ki te tinana. Ko te wehewehe i te ngākau o te kaitākaro mai i te cardiomyopathy me whai whakamāramatanga motuhake, ā, i ētahi wā ka whakamahia he echocardiography, he whakamātautau atu rānei.

ECG i roto i te horopaki Inia

• Ngā mate pukupuku i te wā taitamariki: Kua pūrongohia e ngā mahi haumanu me ngā mahi mate urutā i roto i ngā taupori o Āhia ki te Tonga te puta wawe mai o te mate ngakau ischaemic i ērā o te nuinga o ngā taupori o te Hauāuru, koia te take e tino whakaarohia ana te mamae o te uma i roto i te tangata 40-tau te pakeke i Īnia, kaua e whakakorehia e te pakeke anake.
• Te mōrearea pākia o te tinana i te iti o te BMI: Ka pāngia ngā tāngata o Āhia ki te Tonga e te mate huka me te mōrearea kino ki te cardiometabolic i te mea he iti iho te taupū taumaha tinana me te porowhita hope i ngā paepae i ahu mai i ngā taupori Pākehā. Ahakoa he āhua noa te tinana, ehara i te mea he iti te mōrearea.
• He mea nui tonu te mate manawa rūmātiki. Mō te hunga he hītori o te kirika rūmātika i roto i ō rātou tamarikitanga, ka whakaatu pea te ECG i te fibrillation atrial, i ngā tauira whakanui rānei o te ruma o te ngakau, engari ka aromatawaihia te mate takirere mā te echocardiography. He mea tautoko te ECG me te echo, kāore e taea te whakawhiti.
• Anemia: He whānuitia te mate toto ngoikore-rino i Īnia, ā, he maha ngā wā ka puta he tachycardia, me ētahi huringa ST-T kore-motuhake, ka taea te pohehe he ischemia.
• Te mate thyroid he wāhi anō tēnei ki ngā rerekētanga o te tere me te manawataki e kitea ana i ngā ECG o ia rā.
• Whakaingoa: E whakamahia ana te kupu "ECG" e ngā pūrongo me ngā rongoā Inia tata ki te ao katoa; ko te kupu "EKG" te nuinga o ngā taputapu kawemai. Ko te TMT (treadmill test) te kupu noa mō te ECG ahotea, me te "echo test" mō te echocardiography, he rerekē ēnei whakamātautau i te ECG okiokinga.
• Uru: He whānuitia ngā mīhini ECG kotahi-hongere me te 12-arataki e wātea ana, tae atu ki te taumata tiaki tuatahi, ā, ka tukuna e ngā ratonga tele-ECG ngā aroturuki mō ngā pūrongo mamao. Mena kei a koe he ECG tānga i waenga i ngā hōhipera, puritia te mea taketake, he mea tino nui te whakataurite ki tētahi aroturuki tawhito.
• raraunga: Kei roto i ngā pūrongo ECG mamati, taupānga, puka tono ipurangi rānei ngā raraunga hauora whaiaro, e whakahaeretia ana i Inia i raro i te Ture Tiaki Raraunga Whaiaro Mamati, 2023. Pātai atu me pēhea te penapena me te tiri i tō aroturuki me tō pūrongo.

Te utu me te inihua i Inia

Ko te ECG 12-arataki e okioki ana tētahi o ngā whakamātautau ngakau iti rawa te utu i Inia, he rau rau rūpī noa iho i te nuinga o ngā wāhi, engari he nui ake te utu mō te aroturuki haereere, te whakamātautau ahotea me te echocardiography. He rerekē ngā utu, ā, ka huri haere i roto i te wā, nō reira me whakaū te utu o nāianei ki te whare whakamātautau i mua i te whakamātautau. Ko ngā tatauranga katoa e whakahuatia ana i te ipurangi he tohu noa iho, ehara i te whakahua.

Ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te utu:

• Momo whakamātautau: ECG okiokinga me te ECG/TMT ahotea me te Holter, te aroturukitanga papaki roa rānei.
• Wāhi: hōhipera kāwanatanga, pokapū hauora tuatahi, taiwhanga tātaritanga takitahi, hōhipera umanga, ratonga tirotiro kāinga rānei.
• Te tāone me te rohe, me te mea kei te whakahaerehia te whakamātautau i ngā hāora mahi noa, i roto rānei i te ratonga ohorere, i te ratonga pō rānei.
• Ahakoa kei roto i te kete ngā pūrongo ōkawa, ngā kōrero rānei a te tākuta ngakau.
• Te utu mō te kohikohinga kāinga, te utu mō te tuhi i te taha o te moenga, me te roa o te aroturukitanga mō ngā rangahau Holter.
• Ahakoa he wāhanga o tētahi kete tirotiro hauora te ECG, he tirotiro takitahi rānei.

Inihuarangi: ko te ECG i mahia i te wā e whakauru ana ki te hōhipera, i te wā tiaki tamariki rānei, ka utua whānuitia hei wāhanga o ngā utu tirotiro. Ko ngā ECG tātaritanga tūroro me te tirotiro hauora ārai mate kāore e hipokina mēnā kāore i roto i tō kaupapa here he painga OPD, he painga tirotiro hauora rānei. Ko ngā kaupapa kāwanatanga pēnei i a Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY e hipoki ana i ngā tirotiro i roto i te tiaki hōhipera kua whakakīia ki ngā hōhipera kua whakauruhia. Tirohia ngā kupu o tō kaupapa here, ngā rohe iti me ngā whakaritenga whakamanatanga i mua me tō kaiinihua, me te tēpu inihua o te hōhipera rānei.

Ngā pūrākau me ngā meka

Pātai auau

Ka taea e te ECG te kite i tētahi uaua kua āraia?

Kāo. Ka tuhia e te ECG ngā mahi hiko, ā, kāore e taea te whakaatu i ngā uaua o te ngākau, te ine rānei i te whaiti. Tērā pea ka kitea ngā huringa e kī ana he poto te toto i roto i te uaua o te ngākau, inā koa i te wā e haere tonu ana te mamae, engari kāore te whai i te arai noa e ārai i te aukati. Mā te angiography coronary CT, te angiography invasive rānei e whakautu i taua pātai.

E mea ana taku pūrongo ECG "ngā huringa ST-T kore-motuhake". Me manukanuka rānei ahau?

He kupu tino noa tēnei, arā, ehara te whai i te mea noa i roto i te pukapuka engari kāore e tohu ana i te tautuhi kotahi. Ko ngā take ko te tū, te manukanuka, te toto toto iti, ngā nekehanga electrolyte, ngā rongoā me ngā rerekētanga noa. Ko tōna hiranga kei runga i ō tohu me ngā āhuatanga mōrearea, nō reira kōrerohia te pūrongo ki te tākuta nāna i tono.

He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te whakamātautau ECG me te whakamātautau echo?

Ka hopukina e te ECG ngā tohu hiko mā roto i ngā irahiko kiri, ā, ka aromatawai i te manawataki, te kawe me ngā tauira ischaemic. Ka whakamahia e te echocardiogram te ultrasound hei tirotiro i te rahi o te rūma, te mahi takirere me te kaha papu. Kāore tetahi e whakakapi i tetahi, ā, kāore hoki te echo okiokinga e whakaatu i ngā uaua coronary.

He mamae te ECG, ā, he irahiko kei roto?

Kāore he ngira, kāore he irahiko, kāore hoki he iahiko e uru ana ki te tinana i roto i te ECG okiokinga. Ko te nuinga o te tangata ka rongo noa i te tiēre mātao, i ngā papa piri rānei. Tērā pea ka puta he whero iti o te kiri, he riri rānei i muri i te tango i ngā papa, ā, me kutikuti pea ētahi huruhuru o te uma kia pai ai te pa atu.

He aha i tonoa ai e taku tākuta he aroturuki Holter i muri i te ECG noa?

Nā te mea he torutoru hēkona noa iho te roa o te hopu o te ECG paerewa. Mēnā ka puta mai, ka ngaro atu rānei ō tere o te manawa, ō whanoke, ō tere o te manawa rānei, he nui ake te tūponotanga ka hopukina e te hopunga Holter, e te aroturuki papaki rānei i roto i te rā kotahi, neke atu rānei, te auau rerekē i a koe e mahi ana i ngā mahi o ia rā.

Ka taea e te manukanuka, te inu tī rānei te whakarerekē i taku ECG?

Āe, ki tētahi taumata. Ka taea e te manukanuka, te mamae, te kawheine, te tupeka, te kirika me te whakapau kaha o nāianei te whakanui ake i te tere o te manawa, ā, i ētahi wā ka puta he huringa iti o te ST-T. He āwhina te okioki mārire mō ētahi meneti i mua i te tuhi. Ka pā ēnei awe ki te whakamaoritanga engari kāore e hanga he mate manawa hanganga.

Kia pēhea te auau o te mahi i te ECG?

Kāore he kaupapa kotahi. Ko te auau o te tirotiro ka whakawhirinaki ki ō tohu, ki te tātaritanga, ki ngā rongoā me te take o te aro turuki. Tērā pea me tirotirohia pinepine te tangata e pāngia ana e te arrhythmia, e tango ana rānei i tētahi rongoā e pā ana ki te QT; tērā pea kāore he tohu, he take mōrearea rānei e hiahiatia. Mā tō tākuta e whakatau.

He haumaru te ECG i te wā e hapu ana?

Ka whakamahia te ECG okioki i te wā e hapu ana ina hiahiatia, ā, kāore he hihi. Ka whakarerekētia e te haputanga te tere o te ngakau me ētahi tauira ngaru, nō reira ka whakamāramahia te whai i ngā tumanakohanga motuhake mō te haputanga. Mēnā he uaua ki te takoto papatahi, me kī atu ki te tohunga hangarau, ka taea te whakamahi i tētahi atu tūranga.

I tāia e te mīhini ECG tētahi tātaritanga āwangawanga ki runga i te rīpene. Koinei te pūrongo whakamutunga?

Kāo. Ka whakaputahia ngā whakamaoritanga aunoa e te pūmanawa, ā, he maha ngā wā ka puta ngā hapa nui, inā koa i roto i ngā tūroro taitamariki, hākinakina, manukanuka rānei. Ko te pūrongo he mea nui ko te mea i arotakehia, i hainatia hoki e te tākuta, i pānuihia tahitia me ō tohumate me ngā kitenga o mua.

Rauemi

• Te Rōpū Manawa o Amerika / Te Kāreti Karaipiture o Amerika / Te Rōpū Rhythm o te Manawa, ngā taunakitanga mō te whakataurite me te whakamārama i te electrocardiogram (te tauākī pūtaiao maha-wāhanga).
• Te Rōpū Karaipiture o Ūropi, ngā aratohu mō ngā mate pūkahukahu whakapeka, te tachycardia supraventricular, te fibrillation atrial me te syncope (tirohia ngā putanga o nāianei mō ngā ara tātaritanga e hangai ana ki te ECG).
• Te Rōpū Karaipiture o Īnia me te Kāreti Karaipiture o Īnia, ngā tauākī tūnga me ngā rauemi mātauranga mō te mate ngakau me te manawa i roto i ngā tūroro Īnia.
• Te Whakahaere Hauora o te Ao me te kaupapa Taumahatanga o te Ao mō ngā Mate, ngā raraunga taumahatanga mate manawa mō Īnia.
• Te Ture Tiaki Raraunga Whaiaro Mamati, 2023 (Kāwanatanga o Īnia), te whakahaere i ngā raraunga hauora whaiaro me ngā pūrongo mamati.