Electroencephalogram (EEG): Ngā Mea Ka Taea, Ngā Mea Kāore e Taea te Whakaatu e te Whakamātautau Ngaru Roro

Take take

• Ka ine te EEG i te mahi, ehara i te hanganga. Kāore e whakaatuhia he pukupuku, he toto, he whiu rānei, koinā te mahi a te MRI, te CT rānei.
• Kāore e taea te whakakore i te mate haurangi mā te whakamahi i te EEG noa. He mea noa te hopu oro kotahi i waenganui i te ihu me te ihu mō te hunga kua pāngia e te haurangi.
• Kāore e taea e te EEG rerekē anake te tautuhi i te mate haurangi. He mate haumanu te mate haurangi; e tautokona ana tēnei e te EEG.
• Kāore he werohanga i roto i te whakamātautau, ā, kāore hoki e whakamahia he irahiko. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka pā te mamae ki te hinu kiri, ki te whakapiri, ki te riri kiri ngawari rānei.
• He rerekē ngā kawa i waenga i ngā waeine. He rerekē ngā tohutohu mō te kore moe, te rongoā me te horoi makawe; ko ngā tohutohu tuhituhi a tō ake tari te mea nui.

I te titiro

E mohiotia ano ko

• Whakamātautau EEG
• Whakamātautau ngaru roro
• "Dimag ka EEG" / "whakamātautau ka roro" (e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā wāhi rongoā o waho o Īnia)
• EEG auau, EEG ara-moe, EEG kore-moe, EEG ataata, EEG haereere (he rangahau motuhake ēnei, tirohia i raro)
• Kāore i rite ki te ECG/EKG ("whakamātautau ngākau"), e hopu ana i te ngākau

He aha te EEG

Mā ngā tohu hiko ka whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ngā neuron. Ko te mahi whakakotahi o ngā taupori nui o ngā neuron cortical ka puta he huringa iti o te ngaohiko ka kitea i runga i te tumuaki. I te wā o te EEG, ka whakapirihia ngā irahiko whakarewa iti ki te tumuaki mā te whakamahi i te tiēre kawe, te whakapiri, te taupoki rānei. Ka whakanuia ngā tohu, ā, ka whakaatuhia hei ngaru tonu.

Ka tirohia e te tākuta pūrongo te manawataki papamuri, tōna ōritetanga me te tauhohenga, te urupare ki te whakatuwheratanga me te katinga o ngā kanohi, ngā tauira moe mēnā ka tutuki te moe, me te mea kei reira ētahi putanga epileptiform (ngā ngaru koi, ngā ngaru kōpiko, ngā matatini ngaru kōpiko). Ko ngā roopu auau, te delta, te theta, te alpha, te beta me te gamma, he tapanga whakaahua e whakamahia ana i roto i taua tātaritanga. Ehara i te maha o ngā tohu mō te hauora o te roro, ā, kāore he roopu kotahi e whakaatu ana mēnā he tangata mohio, he tangata ahotea, he tangata ora rānei.

He aha i mahia ai he EEG

• Ngā whakapae mō ngā hopunga: hei rapu i ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te mate haurangi, me te āwhina ki te whakarōpū i te momo hopukanga me te mate haurangi.
• Te whakarōpūtanga me te kōwhiringa maimoatanga: Ko te wehewehe i te mate haurangi whānui mai i te mate haurangi arotahi ka pā ki te kōwhiringa rongoā.
• Te hinengaro kua rerekē, te pōhēhē rānei: hei tautuhi i te mate pukupuku roro (encephalopathy), me te kite i ngā mate haurangi kore-hākere, te mate haurangi kore-hākere rānei i roto i ngā tūroro ICU.
• Ngā huihuinga kāore i te whakamāramahia: hei āwhina i te wehewehe i ngā mate haurangi mai i te mate koretake, ngā mate mahi (wehewehe), ngā mate pōrearea, ngā mate nekehanga rānei, ko te nuinga o te wā ka pai ake te whakautu mā te EEG ataata e hopu ana i tētahi huihuinga.
• Te whakapae he mate roro, tae atu ki te herpes simplex encephalitis, ka taea e ētahi tauira te tautoko.
• Nga mate moenga, hei hongere kotahi i roto i te polysomnography katoa, kaua hei EEG tūkotahi.
• Aromātai i mua i te hāparapara i roto i te mate haurangi ātete ki te rongoā, ka āwhina te EEG ataata roa ki te kimi i te rohe tīmatanga o te haurangi.
• Aromatawai mate roro, hei whakamātautau tāpiri anake i roto i ngā tikanga motuhake; he mea haumanu, he mea tautuhi ture hoki te whakatau.

Ko wai me whiwhi i tēnei whakamātautau

• Te tangata kua pāngia e te mate haurangi tuatahi, kāore i puta he take, e ai ki ngā tohutohu a te tākuta roro.
• Ko ngā tāngata e pōuri haere ana, e titiro matatau ana, e ohooho ana kāore e taea te whakamārama, e kore rānei e aro.
• Ngā tamariki e whakapaetia ana he mate haurangi te ngaro, he mamae pēpi, he hokinga whakamuri rānei o ngā tohu matua me te whakapaetia he mahi haurangi.
• Ngā tūroro e mōhiotia ana he mate haurangi kua rerekē te āhua o te hopuhopu, e whakaarohia ana rānei kia mutu te rongoā.
• Ngā tūroro ICU me te koma kāore e taea te whakamārama, te mārama rānei e piki haere ana.
• Ngā tāngata e aromatawaitia ana mō te pokanga mate haurangi.

Ehara te EEG i te tirotiro hauora whānui. Kāore e whai hua mō te ānini anake, te pōuri anake, ngā amuamu mahara anake, hei tirotiro noa rānei, ā, he iti noa iho te whakamarie o te EEG noa i roto i aua āhuatanga.

Ngā mea kāore e taea e te EEG te kite, te ārai rānei

• Kāore e taea te whakakore i te mate haurangi. He nui te ōrau o te hunga e pāngia ana e te mate haurangi he rite tonu ā rātou mahi EEG tuatahi. Mā te hopu i ngā rekoata auau, ngā rangahau moe-kore, ngā EEG ataata roa rānei ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te hopu i ngā āhuatanga rerekē, engari ahakoa ngā EEG noa auau, kāore e ārai i te mate.
• Kāore e taea e ia anake te whakaū i te mate haurangi. Ko ētahi tauira kāore i te tino motuhake, he tauira "rohe" rānei, me ētahi tauira pai, ka puta i roto i te hunga kāore anō kia pāngia e te mate haurangi. Ko te pānui nui i ēnei tauira he take e mōhiotia whānuitia ana mō te hunga e tapaina hē ana he mate haurangi.
• Kāore e whakaatu ana i te hanganga o te roro. Me whai MRI, CT rānei ngā pukupuku, ngā whiu, ngā toto nui, ngā mate pukupuku, te neurocysticercosis me ngā mate kiriuhi o te roro. Ehara i te mea ka noho noa te matawai roro mēnā he EEG noa, ā, ka noho noa anō hoki.
• Ko te nuinga o te wā ka kitea te mata. Ko ngā ngohe e puta mai ana i te hohonutanga o te roro, i ngā hanganga mesial temporal, i ngā wāhi iti rānei, kāore pea e tae ki ngā irahiko o te tumuaki.
• Kāore e tātaritanga i te mate wareware, te ADHD, te autism, te uauatanga ako, ngā mate hinengaro rānei. Kāore he tūranga kua whakatūria o te EEG hei whakamātautau tātaritanga mō ēnei āhuatanga, ā, kāore e tautokona ana ngā kereme ka taea e te whakamātautau ngaru roro te tautuhi i a rātou.
• Kāore e aromatawai i te ngākau. Ko te ngoikore i puta mai i te arrhythmia me aromatawai i te ngakau, kaua i te EEG.
• Kāore e ine i te rere o te toto, i te tukunga hāora rānei.
• Kāore te kitenga kino i te rite ki te aukati. Ko te kupu "Kāore he putanga mate epilepsy i kitea" e whakaahua ana i te wā i tuhia ai. Mēnā ka haere tonu ngā tohu ahakoa he pūrongo noa, me hoki atu ki tō tākuta, kaua e whakaaro kua ea te raruraru.

Ngā whakamātautau e pā ana engari he rerekē

Ko te whakamātautau e puta tuatahi mai ana, kei runga i te āhua o te tinana. Mō te wiri i kitea, ka whakaritea te EEG me te MRI. Mō te pōuri me te werawera, te whakapairuaki me te tere o te ora i te tū, ko te aromatawai i te ngākau me te tū tika te mea tuatahi. Mō te ngongoro me te hiamoe i te awatea, ko te polysomnography te rangahau e tika ana, ehara i te EEG noa.

Me pehea te whakarite

He rerekē te whakarite i waenga i ngā hōhipera me ngā taiwhanga EEG. Ko ngā tohutohu tuhituhi ka hoatu e tō ake wāhanga ki a koe te mea nui ake i ngā tohutohu whānui.

• Hair: Horoia te makawe i te pō i mua atu, i te ata rānei o te whakamātautau, ā, karohia te hinu, te kirimi, te serum, te ware pi, te rehu makawe rānei, nā te mea ka ārai ēnei i te piri o ngā hiko. He maha ngā waeine Inia e tono ana kia kaua e whakamahia he kokonati, he hinu makawe rānei.
• Whakatairanga: He maha ngā waeine e tono ana kia karohia e koe te kawhe, te tī, te kora, ngā inu pūngao me te nikotīni mō ētahi hāora i mua i te rangahau. Ko te wā tika e whakaritea ana e te waeine.
• Moe: Ko ētahi rangahau he mea āta tango moe; ko ētahi e hiahia ana kia moe noa i te pō. Me whai noa i ngā mea kua tonoa e tō waeine, nā te mea he rerekē ngā tohutohu e rua.
• Ngā rongoā: Me haere tonu ngā rongoā katoa kua tohua, tae atu ki ngā rongoā ārai-hōhā, ki te kore koe e kōrerotia e te tohunga roro i tono i te EEG mā te tuhituhi. Kaua rawa e mutu, e whakaiti rānei i te rongoā ārai-hōhā i a koe anō, ka taea e te tango i te rongoā te whakaoho i ngā hōhā, tae atu ki te status epilepticus. Kawea mai he rārangi o ngā rongoā katoa, tae atu ki te AYUSH, ngā otaota me ngā hua ka hokona kore utu.
• kai: Kāore e hiahiatia ana te nohopuku i te nuinga o te wā, ā, mā te kore kai ka rerekē te tuhi. Pātai atu ki tō waeine mēnā kāore koe i te tino mōhio.
• Kawea: he whakaahuatanga o āu kaupapa, ko te mea pai ko te whakamahi i tētahi ataata waea pūkoro i hopukina e tētahi mema o te whānau, me ngā pūrongo EEG me MRI o mua. He maha ngā wā ka nui ake ngā mōhiohio o ngā ataata kaupapa i te EEG tonu.
• Apiti: Kawea mai he whanaunga mēnā he maha ngā wā ka pāngia koe e ngā mate haurangi, he kore moe, he whakamātautau rānei kei te whakahaerehia he tamaiti. Kaua e taraiwa i a koe ki te EEG mēnā he kore moe koe.

tamariki

Tērā pea ka whakaritea he EEG mō ngā tamariki i te wā moe. Ko te tīma roro tamariki te kaiwhakatau mō te whāngai, te wā moe, me te whakamahinga o tētahi rongoā whakamoe. Mauria mai he taonga takaro, he paraikete rānei e pai ana ki a koe, me tētahi huinga kākahu tāpiri mō ngā pēpi.

Te wa hapu

Kāore he hihi i roto i te EEG, ā, ka mahia i te wā e hapu ana ina hiahiatia he tohu haumanu. Tērā pea ka whakarerekētia ngā tikanga mō te kore moe me te manawa nui, ā, kaua e whakarerekētia ngā rongoā ārai-ohorere me te kore he tohutohu a te kaitohu.

Te mate huka i runga i te maimoatanga whakaheke huka

Mena ka tonoa he whakarerekētanga i te wā nohopuku, i te wā kai rānei, me kī atu ki te tari kei te tango koe i te insulin, i ētahi atu rongoā whakaheke huka rānei i mua i te wā whakarite, kia taea ai te whakarite i ngā wā me ngā horopeta me tō kaiwhakatakoto tohu. Ka taea e te huka toto iti te whakarerekē i te EEG me te whakaputa tohu.

Ngā kaumātua, te ngoikore o te ngākau me te CKD matatau

Kāore e pai te takoto papatahi mō te wā roa mena ka hemo tō manawa, ā, me whakarerekē pea te tūnga o ngā rangahau mō te wā roa. Kaua ngā tūroro he iti te wai e whakanui ake i te inu wai mō tētahi tohutohu whakamātautau me te kore e pātai atu ki te tākuta e rongoā ana. Kōrerotia te wāhanga mō ngā herenga nekenekehanga, te whakamahinga hāora, ngā wātaka dialysis rānei.

Ngā āhuatanga o te kiri tumuaki me te hanga makawe

Ka taea e ngā patunga tuwhera, te ekisema kino, te pokanga o te tumuaki tata nei, ngā whiri matotoru, ngā toronga makawe, ngā raranga, ngā dreadlock rānei te whakawhāiti i te whakatakotoranga o ngā hiko. Me whakamōhio atu ki te tari i mua i te wā kia taea ai te whakarite i tētahi atu huarahi.

He aha te mea ka tupu i te wā o te EEG

• Te ine me te tohu: Ka ine te tohunga hangarau i tō mahunga, ka tohu hoki i ngā tūranga hikohiko mā te whakamahi i te pūnaha 10-20.
• Te tono hikohiko: Ka horoia mārire te tumuaki, ka whakapirihia ngā hikohiko ki te tiēre, ki te whakapiri rānei, ka tāpirihia rānei he taupoki. Tērā pea ka mātao, ka rakuraku hoki tēnei engari kāore e tapahi, e wero rānei.
• Te tuhi: Ka takoto koe, ka noho rānei me te katia ō kanohi mō te nuinga o te wā o te rangahau, ka whakatuwhera, ka katia hoki ō kanohi ina tonoa.
• Ngā tukanga whakahohenga: Ko te manawa hōhonu (te manawa nui) me te whakaohooho whakaahua (he rama kanapa) e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei whakaatu i ngā āhuatanga rerekē. He mea whiriwhiri ēnei, ā, i ētahi wā ka puta he mate hopuhopu, he wāhanga mōhiotia tēnei o te whakamātautau, ā, kua rite ngā kaimahi mō tēnā. Kōrero atu ki ngā kaimahi mēnā kei te mōhio koe he mate pāwera koe ki te hihi o te rā, he mate manawa kino, he whiu tata nei, he mate pūtau maripi rānei i mua i te whakamahinga o te manawa nui, o ngā rama kanapa rānei.
• Te tuhi moe: Tērā pea ka akiakihia koe kia moe, i te mea ka puta pinepine ngā rerenga i te wā hiamoe me te moe.
• Muri iho: Ka tangohia ngā hikohiko, ā, ka horoia te toenga o te tiēre, te whakapiri rānei. Tērā pea ka piri te makawe, ā, me horoi ki te kāinga. Ka hoki tonu te nuinga o te tangata ki ngā mahi o ia rā.

Kia pēhea te roa o te tukanga

• EEG Auau: ko te tikanga he 20-40 meneti te roa o te tuhi, me te 15-30 meneti anō mō ​​te tāutanga me te tango i te hiko.
• EEG oho-moe, kore-moe rānei: he maha ngā wā 1-2 hāora, i ētahi wā roa atu mēnā ka puhoi te moe.
• EEG Āwhina: i te nuinga o te wā e 24 hāora ki ētahi rā, me ngā taputapu e mau ana i te kāinga.
• He ataata EEG i roto i te hōhipera: he maha ngā rā i muri i te whakaurunga ki te hōhipera, ka haere tonu kia nui rā anō ngā mahi kua mahia, kia nui rānei ngā huringa moe-ara.

He rerekē te roa o te pūrongo i waenga i ngā waeine, nā te mea me pānui te rata whai mātauranga i te EEG, ā, me whakamārama i runga i ō taipitopito haumanu. Pātai atu ki te waeine āhea, me pēhea hoki te whiwhi i te pūrongo.

Te mārama ki tō pūrongo EEG

I te nuinga o te wā, ka whakaahuahia e te pūrongo EEG ngā āhuatanga o te tuhi, te mahi papamuri, te kore taurite, te puhoi rānei, mēnā i moe, te urupare ki ngā tikanga whakahohe, me te mēnā i kitea ngā putanga mai o te mate epileptiform. Ka mutu me te whakamārama.

• "EEG Noa": i tika te papamuri mō te tau, ā, kāore i tuhia he rerenga toto rerekē i taua wā. He noa te EEG, kāore i te kīia kua kore koe i te mate haurangi.
• Ngā rerenga mate haurangi (ngā ngaru koi, ngā ngaru-ngaru): tautoko i te tautuhi mate haurangi me te āwhina ki te whakarōpū i tōna āhua, engari me uru ki te āhua haumanu.
• Te whakaroa o te arotahi: e tohu ana i te raruraru o te mahi ā-rohe. Kāore e tino kitea, ā, ka whai pea i te haurangi, i te whara hanganga, i te pānga rānei o te rongoā. Ko te tikanga ka puta he whakaahua, kaua ko te tautuhi mate anake.
• Te whakaroa whānui: he whakaata i te encephalopathy mai i ngā take pākia o te pūnaha io, te mate pāwera, te paitini, te rongoā rānei, te hiamoe rānei i te wā e hopukina ana. Ehara i te mea he ine i te mātauranga, i te "kino roro" rānei i roto i tētahi tikanga whānui.
• "Rārangi Rohe", "āhua rerekē ngāwari, kāore i te tino motuhake", "momo pai": He maha ngā wā ka nui rawa te whakamāramatanga o ēnei kīanga e ngā tūroro. He maha ngā tauira pēnei kāore he tikanga haumanu. Pātai atu ki te taote roro he aha ngā mea ka rerekē, mēnā he aha.
• Te hopu hiko haumanu: i tuhia he mate haurangi, me ngā tohu e kitea ana, kāore rānei.

Kāore te EEG e tautuhi i ōna ake mate. Me whakamārama ngā hua i roto i te horopaki haumanu e te tākuta nāna i tono te whakamātautau, ā, ka rerekē ngā hua i runga i ngā āhuatanga haumanu takitahi.

Ina he te āhua o ngā hua o te EEG

Te whakapae teka i te āhua rerekē (ngā hua teka)

• Ka taea e te ngohe o te uaua, te ngaungau, te horomi, te nekehanga o te kanohi, o te kamo rānei, te werawera me te "pahū" o te taputapu hiko te whai i ngā āhuatanga rerekē.
• Ka hangaia he taonga hiko e te pokanoa o te whatunga matua, ngā waea pūkoro me ngā taputapu tata.
• I ētahi wā ka he te whakamaoritanga o ngā momo noa, arā, ko ngā momo noa he epileptiform.
• Ka taea te pānui nui rawa i ngā wā hiamoe me te hiamoe noa.
• Mā te tuku pūrongo me te kore he taipitopito haumanu ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te tātaritanga nui rawa, ka hua ake pea he maha ngā tau o te whakamahi i ngā rongoā ārai-hōhā me ngā here taraiwa, mahi rānei ka taea te karo.

Te whakapae teka i te āhua noa (ngā whakapae teka)

• Ko ngā rekoata poto kāore e hopu ana i te moe ka ngaro i ngā tukunga.
• Tērā pea he roa te wā ka tukuna te mate haurangi kāore e ōrite ana.
• Kāore pea ngā pūkaha hiko hohonu, iti rānei e pupuhi ki te tumuaki.
• Ka taea e ngā rongoā ārai-ohorere, ngā rongoā whakamoe me ngā benzodiazepine te pehi i ngā rerenga.
• Ka whakaitihia te tohu mēnā kāore i te pai te pā o te hinu makawe, ngā hua whakapaipai makawe, te kiriuhi werawera rānei ki ngā hikohiko.
• He iti noa te hua o tētahi rangahau mēnā he tino hiamoe rawa, he tino pōrearea rānei te tūroro, he tamaiti rānei e kore e marino.

Te ahunga o te hapa me ngā rongoā me te āhua o te tinana

• Ngā rongoā whakangāwari, te waipiro me ngā rongoā whakangāwari: whakaroa i te papamuri, ā, ka taea te huna i ngā rerenga.
• Te kawheine me te mataara: te whakaiti i te hiamoe, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te hopu i ngā tukunga e pā ana ki te moe.
• Te ngoikore o te ate, te korenga o te toto, te kirika: ka whakaroa pea, ka taea te kī he nā te mate roro tuatahi.
• Te hopuhopu tata nei: ka taea te whakaputa i te puhoi poto i muri i te ictal ka ea.

Ngā mōrearea me te haumaru

Te EEG o te tumuaki auau

Kāore he werohanga o te EEG o te tumuaki, kāore e whakamahia he irahiko, ā, kāore e tukuna te hiko ki roto i te upoko. He iti noa ngā raruraru noa: te pēhanga, te karawarawa rānei i te wā e whakatakotoranga ana i te hiko, te makawe piri i muri mai, me te riri ngawari o te kiri, te pā rānei o te tiēre, te whakapiri, te piri rānei. He onge noa iho, ka puta he karawarawa iti o te kiri i te wāhi e whakaritea ana te tumuaki.

Ngā tukanga whakahohenga

Ka taea e te manawa nui te whakakorikori, te māuiui o te mahunga me te kōpiri o te ringa, ka mutu ēnei ina hoki anō te manawa noa. Tērā pea ka puta he hopunga i roto i te hunga e aro nui ana ki te hihi o te rā. Mō te hunga e pangia ana e te mate haurangi, ka taea e tētahi o ngā tikanga te puta he hopunga; koinei te putanga tātaritanga e hiahiatia ana, ā, ka whakahaerea e ngā kaimahi whakangungu.

EEG kore moe

Mā te whakawhāiti i te moe ka puta ai ngā mate haurangi, ka hiamoe hoki i te awatea. Whakaritea he waka, kaua e taraiwa.

Te aroturukitanga roa o te EEG ataata

Nā te mea ka whakaitihia pea te whakamahinga o te rongoā i raro i te tirotiro hei hopu i ngā āhuatanga, he nui ake te tūponotanga o ngā mate hopuhopu, tae atu ki ngā tautau, te whara i te wā e hopuhopu ana, te status epilepticus rānei. Koia te take e whakahaerehia ai tēnei aroturukitanga i te wā e noho ana te tūroro me te tirotiro tonu. Ka taea hoki te pakaru o te kiri i raro i ngā hikohiko roa.

Te whakangāwari i roto i ngā tamariki

Mēnā ka whakamahia te rongoā whakamoe, he mōrearea anō tōna e pā ana ki te manawa me te ara manawa, ā, ka hoatu anake me te aroturukitanga tika e ngā kaimahi kua whakangungua mō tēnei.

EEG ā-roto o te angaanga

He tikanga pokanga roro te whakatakotoranga hiko whakaeke, ā, he mōrearea kei roto ko te toto, te mate me te ngoikore o te pūnaha io. Ka mahia anake i roto i ngā kaupapa pokanga mate haurangi motuhake i muri i te tohutohu taipitopito. He rerekē ngā āhua mōrearea puta noa i ēnei momo EEG, ā, kāore e taea te whakaahua mā te tauākī haumaru kotahi.

Nga ahuatanga motuhake

Te wa hapu

He haumaru te EEG mō te irahiko nā te mea kāore he mea e whakamahia ana, ā, ka mahia i te wā e hapu ana ina hiahiatia. He mea motuhake ngā whakataunga mō ngā rongoā ārai-ohorere i te wā e hapu ana, ā, me uru tahi te tākuta roro me te tākuta whānau. Kaua e whakarerekē takitahi i ngā horopeta.

Ngā tamariki me ngā pēpi hou

Ko te whakamaoritanga o te EEG tamariki e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tau, nā te mea ka rerekē te papamuri noa i te pakeketanga. He rangahau motuhake te EEG pēpi hou. He tauira EEG motuhake ētahi mate tamariki, koia te take he nui ake ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te EEG mō ngā tamariki i ngā pakeke.

Nga pakeke

Tērā pea ko te whakaroa he tohu i te rongoā, te hiamoe, te mate pūnaha rānei, kaua ki te mate roro tuatahi. Ehara te EEG i te whakamātautau mō te mate wareware, ahakoa he āwhina pea ina whakapaetia he mate hopuhopu, he mate hinengaro rānei i roto i te tangata e heke ana te hinengaro.

Ngā tāngata e mate huka ana i runga i te rongoā whakaheke huka

Kaua e tukua kia heke te huka toto hei whakamātautau noa iho. Mēnā ka tonoa kia kore e moe, kia whakarerekētia rānei te wā kai, me whakamahere tahi me te tākuta.

Te mate tākihi mau tonu me te ngoikore o te ngakau

Ka puta te puhoi kore-motuhake i te uremia me te raruraru pākia o te tinana, ā, ka taea te hē te pānui. Tērā pea he uaua te tuhi roa i te takoto me te kore manawa. Kaua rawa e whakanui ake i te inu wai mō tētahi tohutohu whakamātautau mēnā kei te herea e koe te wai.

Ngā tūroro ICU me ngā tūroro whai muri i te hopukanga ngākau

Ka whakamahia te EEG tonu hei kite i ngā hopukanga kore-whakaohooho, hei āwhina hoki i te matapae i muri i te hopukanga o te ngakau. Ka pāngia te tuhi e ngā rongoā whakangāwari, te whakahaere pāmahana me te ngoikore o te okana, nō reira ka āta whakamāramahia ngā kitenga me te raupapa, kaua i te whai i te whai i te kotahi.

Ngā whakaurunga me ngā taputapu

Kāore ngā taputapu whakatere manawa, ngā whakaoho roro hohonu me ngā whakaoho io vagus e ārai i te EEG, ahakoa ka puta pea he taonga tawhito. Kōrerotia ki te tohunga hangarau tētahi taputapu kua whakatōkia. Mena kei te whakamaheretia hoki te MRI, me aromatawai motuhake te haumaru MRI o te taputapu.

EEG i roto i te horopaki Inia

• He mea nui ngā tino take o ngā mate haurangi ā-rohe mō te whakamātautau. I Inia, ko te neurocysticercosis me te tuberculoma he tino take hanganga o ngā hopukanga arotahi. Kāore e taea e te EEG te whakaatu i tētahi o ēnei; me whai MRI, CT rānei o te roro. Kaua te EEG noa me tētahi hopukanga arotahi hou e aukati i te whakaahua.
• He maha ngā wā ka pōhēhē te whakamaoritanga o ngā kupu. He maha ngā tūroro e tae mai ana ki te tono "whakamātautau roro" ka pohehe rānei i te EEG me te ECG ("whakamātautau ngākau"), te EMG/NCV (whakamātautau io me te uaua) me te MRI. Whakaūtia i runga i te whakahaunga ko tēhea whakamātautau kua tonoa.
• He raruraru mahi te hinu makawe. Ko te kokonati me ētahi atu hinu makawe, me ngā hua whakapaipai makawe taumaha, ka whakaiti i te pānga o te hiko ki a rātou, ā, ka akiakihia kia tuaruatia te rangahau. Haere mai me te makawe ma, maroke, kāore he hua makawe ki te kore e kīia tētahi atu mea.
• Te whakama me te kōrero teka. Kei te mau tonu te whakama o te hapori ki te mate haurangi i ētahi wāhi o Īnia, ā, ka tukuna ki ētahi tāngata ngā maimoatanga "ngaru roro" kāore anō kia whakamātauhia, "neuro-scan" rānei. I raro i te Drugs and Magic Remedies (Probjectionable Advertising) Act 1954, kāore e whakaaetia ngā pānuitanga e kī ana he rongoā mō te mate haurangi. Ko ngā whakatau maimoatanga me whakatau e te tākuta roro, e te tākuta rānei.
• Te urunga me te haere tonu o te rongoā. Ko te aukati i te tukunga o ngā rongoā ārai-hōhā tētahi o ngā tino take o ngā hōhā hou. Whakamaherehia ngā whakakī anō i mua i te haerenga me ngā hakari, ā, kōrero ki te kaiwhakatakoto rongoā kaua e whakamutu i te maimoatanga.
• Te EEG kore moe me te haere. Ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te mate haurangi, te aituā rānei i te wā e haere ana koe i ngā haerenga roa i te rā o te rangahau, me te kore moe. Whakaritea he hoa mōu.
• Ka rerekē te wātea. He whānui te wātea o te EEG auau; ko te EEG ataata roa, te EEG haereere me te aromatawai pokanga mate haurangi ka arohia ki ngā pokapū nui ake, ā, he maha ngā wā e hiahiatia ana he tuku atu.

Te utu me te inihua i Inia

He rerekē rawa ngā utu i waenga i ngā whare kāwanatanga, i ngā hōhipera whakawhirinaki, i ngā pokapū tātaritanga takitahi me ngā hōhipera umanga, me waenga i ngā tāone nui. Engari i te whakahua i tētahi tau, he pai ake te mōhio ki te mea e ārahi ana i te utu. Me tono tonu kia tuhia he whakatau tata i mua i te tuhi i te whare.

• Momo EEG: He iti ake te utu o tētahi ako auau e 20-40 meneti te roa i tētahi EEG ataata mō te kore moe, te haereere noa, te EEG ataata rānei mō ngā rā maha i roto i te hōhipera.
• Te roanga me ngā hongere: he nui ake te utu mō ngā rekoata roa ake me ngā huinga hiko kiato teitei ake.
• Wāhanga ataata me te wāhanga tūroro: Kei roto i te EEG ataata roa ngā utu moenga, te atawhai me te mātakitaki tonu.
• Tautoko whakamoe, tautoko whakangote rānei i roto i ngā tamariki nohinohi ka tāpirihia he utu.
• pūrongo: ka utua pea he utu motuhake mō te ripoata a te tohunga roro, te tohunga mate haurangi rānei, me te ripoata mō ngā mahi ohorere, ngā ripoata rānei i muri i ngā hāora mahi.
• Tāone me te rāngai: Ko ngā pokapū tūmataiti o te tāone nui he nui ake te utu i ngā pokapū iti, i ngā pokapū tūmatanui rānei.
• Whakatairite: He maha ngā wā ka whakaurua te EEG ki roto i te kete whakamātautau MRI mō te roro me te toto i te wā e tirotirohia ana te mate hopuhopu.

Inihuarangi: kāore i te hipokina ngā tātaritanga hauora o waho i raro i te inihua hauora utu taketake mēnā kāore he painga OPD e pā. Ina mahia te EEG i te wā whakaurunga, hei tauira, te EEG ataata tūroro, te aromatawai rānei i te status epilepticus, ka kiia he wāhanga o te kereme hōhipera, i raro i ngā tikanga kaupapa here, ngā wā tatari me ngā wāhanga mate o mua. Tikina he whakamanatanga i mua i te wā e hiahiatia ana, ā, puritia te whakahaunga, ngā pūrongo me ngā pire. He utu kua whakarārangihia me ngā ara tuku ake ā ngā kaupapa kāwanatanga me ngā kaupapa hauora ā-rohe.

Ngā pūrākau me ngā meka

Pātai auau

He mamae te EEG?

Kāore he mamae o te EEG. Ka whakatakotoria ngā hiko ki te mata o te tumuaki me te tiēre, te whakapiri rānei, ā, kāore he mea e wero ana i te kiri. Tērā pea ka rongo koe i te rakuraku iti i te wā e whakarite ana i te tumuaki, te mātao o te tiēre, me te pēhanga mai i te potae. Ka piri te makawe i muri mai, ā, me horoi i te kāinga.

Ka taea e te EEG te kite i tētahi raruraru ngākau?

Kāo. Ka hopukina e te EEG te mahi a te roro, ehara i te manawataki o te ngākau. He maha ngā whakatakotoranga EEG he hongere ECG kotahi hei tautuhi i te taonga o te tere o te ngākau, engari ehara tēnā i te aromatawai ngākau. Mena he take ngākau te hemo, he ECG, he aroturuki Holter, he echocardiogram rānei te rangahau tika.

Me nohopuku ahau i mua i te EEG?

Kāore e hiahiatia te nohopuku i te nuinga o te wā, ā, mā te kore kai e whakarerekē i te tuhi me te whakaoho i ngā tohu, inā koa mō te hunga e tango ana i te insulin, i ētahi atu rongoā whakaheke huka rānei. Ko ētahi wāhanga e tono ana kia karohia te kawheine me te nikotīni mō ētahi haora. Whāia ngā tohutohu tuhituhi mai i te wāhanga e mahi ana i tō whakamātautau.

E rawaka ana te kotahi EEG?

I ētahi wā, engari kāore i ngā wā katoa. Mena he noa te EEG tuatahi, ā, kei te whakapaetia tonutia he mate haurangi, ka tono pea te tākuta roro kia hopukina te mate moe kore, kia rangahau anōtia, kia roa rānei te EEG ataata. Mā ia hopukina tāpiri ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te hopu i ngā mahi rerekē, ahakoa kāore he maha o ngā rangahau noa e whakakore katoa i te mate haurangi.

Ka taea e te EEG te whakaoho i te hopukanga?

Ae, i ētahi wā. Mā te manawa nui, te rama kanapa, me te kore moe ātaahua ka puta he mate hopuhopu, ā, i roto i te EEG ataata roa, koinei te whāinga i ētahi wā. Ka aroturukihia koe e ngā kaimahi whakangungu puta noa i te wā, ā, ka whakahaere i ngā mate hopuhopu e puta ana. Kōrerotia ki te tīma i mua atu mēnā e mōhio ana koe ka pāngia koe e ngā rama kanapa.

Me horoi e au ōku makawe i mua i te EEG?

Āe, ki te kore e kīia atu tētahi atu mea. Mā te makawe ma, maroke, kāore he hinu, he kirimi, he serum, he ware pi, he rehu rānei ka taea te whakapā tika i ngā hiko. Ko te makawe hinu te take noa o ngā rekoata kounga iti me ngā whakaritenga anō. Me wetekina pea ngā whiri, ngā toronga me ngā raranga, nō reira me whakamōhio atu ki te waeine i mua.

He aha te rerekētanga o te EEG i te MRI roro?

He rerekē ngā pātai e whakautua ana e ngā whakamātautau e rua, ā, he maha ngā wā ka whakaritea ngātahitia. Ka tuhia e te EEG te mahi hiko i roto i te wā, ā, ka taea te whakaatu i te ngohe epileptiform. Ka whakaatuhia e te MRI te hanganga o te roro, ā, ka taea te whakaatu i ngā koha, ngā pukupuku, ngā infarcts, ngā tuberculomas, ngā hapa rānei. Kāore tetahi e whakakapi i tētahi, ā, ko te hua noa i tētahi kāore e tohu i tētahi atu.

Ka taea e ngā tamariki te mahi i tētahi EEG me te haumaru?

Ae, he whānuitia te whakamahinga o te EEG i roto i ngā tamariki, ā, kāore he hihi. He maha ngā wā ka whakaritea ngā rekoata ki te wā moe, ā, he rerekē te whakamaoritanga i runga i te reanga, nā te mea ka huri ngā tauira noa i te pakeketanga o te roro. Ka whakamahia te rongoā whakamoe ina tika anake, me te aroturuki tika. Mauria mai he taonga whakamarie me te whakaahuatanga, he ataata rānei mō ngā kaupapa.

E mea ana taku pūrongo "he rerekētanga ngawari kāore i te tino motuhake". Me manukanuka ahau?

Kāore rawa. He maha ngā wā e whakaata ana ēnei kupu i te hiamoe, i te taonga tuku iho, i tētahi momo āhua pai rānei, ā, he maha ngā wā kāore e rerekē te whakahaere. Ehara i te mate. Kawea te pūrongo ki te tākuta nāna i tono te whakamātautau ka pātai atu ki te tākuta.