X-Ray yeChipfuva: Zvainoratidza, Zvaisingakwanise, uye Maitiro Ekuverenga Mushumo Wako

Key tora kutora

• X-ray yechipfuva inokurumidza, hairwadzi uye inowanikwa zvakanyanya, uye kazhinji ndiyo nhanho yekutanga yekuongorora kukosora, fivha, kushaya mweya kana kukuvara kwechipfuva.
• X-ray yechipfuva inoratidza mimvuri nemitsara, kwete tsananguro yenyama, haigone kuona tsinga dzemwoyo, haigone kuona mashandiro emwoyo, uye inogona kutadza kuona mapundu madiki emapapu, TB yekutanga uye kutyoka kwembabvu kakawanda.
• X-ray yechipfuva yakajairika zvinoreva kuti hapana chakaipa chakaonekwa pafirimu iroro, kwete kuti chirwere chacho hachina kubviswa.
• Mwero wemwaranzi unobva paX-ray imwe chete yechipfuva wakaderera, asi bvunzo yacho inofanira kuitwa chete kana paine chikonzero chekurapa; kuongororwa kwemaX-ray nguva dzose pasina chiratidzo hakukurudzirwi.
• Zvakawanikwa zvakaita se "zviratidzo zvebronchovascular markings" kana "cardiomegaly pafirimu rinotakurika" kazhinji hazvina kunyatsojeka uye zvinofanirwa kududzirwa nachiremba akakumbira bvunzo.

Pakuona

Uyewo anozivikanwa se

• CXR: chidimbu chekiriniki chakajairika
• X-ray yechipfuva: izwi repamutemo reradiology
• Chifuva cheX-ray PA maonero: chikumbiro chinowanzo rairwa mumarabhoritari eIndia
• Firimu repachipfuva, ndiro yechipfuva: ichiri kushandiswa muzvipatara zvakawanda zveIndia kubva panguva yemafirimu
• Kuonekwa kweX-ray (ChiHindi), maarbu X-ray (ChiTamil), X-ray: mazwi akajairika emurwere

Chii chinonzi X-ray yechipfuva

X-ray yechipfuva inopfuudza danda reX-ray rinodzorwa nepachipfuva richienda kudhijitari. Zvimiro zvakakora zvakaita semapfupa zvinotora danda rakawanda roita sejena; mapapu azere nemhepo anoita seakasviba; moyo, mitsipa yeropa uye mvura zvinoonekwa mumumvuri wegrey. Mufananidzo unobuda unoratidza zvese zvakapfuura nepadanda, ndosaka X-ray yechipfuva ichipa tarisiro yakanaka kwazvo asi ine ruzivo rwakaganhurirwa.

Maonero maviri akajairika anowanzoonekwa. Maonero ePA anotorwa murwere akamira, chipfuva chake chakatarisana nechinhu chinoongorora, uye anopa saizi chaiyo yemoyo. Maonero epadivi anowedzera kudzika uye anobatsira kuwana maronda akavanzwa kuseri kwemoyo kana diaphragm. Firimu reAP rinotakurika , rinotorwa padivi pemubhedha wevarwere vanorwara kana vasingafambi, rinokudza mumvuri wemoyo uye harina kuvimbika pakuongorora saizi yemoyo kana mvura diki yepleural.

Sei X-ray yechipfuva ichiitwa

• Zviratidzo zvekufema: kukosora kusingaperi, fivha, kushaya mweya, kukosora ropa, kana fungidziro yemabayo, TB kana mapapu kudonha.
• Kuongororwa kwemwoyo: kutsvaga chimiro chemwoyo chakawedzera, kuzara kwemapapu kana kubuda kweropa muropa kana paine chikonzero chekukundikana kwemoyo.
• Kukuvara pachipfuva: kutsvaga pneumothorax, haemothorax kana kuti mbabvu dzakatyoka mushure mekukuvara.
• Kuongorora: kutevera kupera kwechirwere chepneumonia, mhinduro yekurapwa nechirwere cheTB, kana kufambira mberi mushure mekuvhiyiwa kwechipfuva.
• Chishandiso nenzvimbo yechubhu: kusimbisa kuiswa kwemachubhu endotracheal, mitsetse yepakati, madhireni echipfuva uye mapaipi epacemaker.
• Kuongororwa kwebasa uye vasati vatanga basa: kune vanofungidzirwa kuti vane chirwere chemapapu chebasa chakadai sesilicosis, kana kuti kana mushandirwi kana vhiza vachichida.
• Boka rekunze: kana munhu achifungidzira kuti anofema kana kunwa chinhu chisina kujeka.

Ndiani anofanira kuongororwa uku?

• Vanhu vakuru vane chikosoro chinotora mavhiki anopfuura maviri, kunyanya nefivha, kudzikira uremu kana kudikitira husiku, nzira inowanzo shandiswa pakuongorora chirwere cheTB muIndia.
• Munhu wese ane dambudziko rekufema idzva kana kuti riri kuramba richikura, chikonzero chacho hachizivikanwe.
• Vanhu vane kukuvara pachipfuva, kana kurwadziwa pachipfuva kamwe kamwe uye kutadza kufema uko kunofungidzirwa kuti kune pneumothorax.
• Varwere vanozivikanwa nekukundikana kwemoyo kana COPD vane chirwere chemwoyo.
• Varwere vachiongororwa vasati vavhiyiwa zvakanyanya, kana chiremba weanotindivadza kana chiremba wekuvhiya akumbira izvozvo.
• Vanhu vanotanga kurapwa neTB kana mimwe mishonga inodzvinyirira immune system, kana chiremba achivaudza kuti vatore mifananidzo yekutanga.

Kuongororwa kweX-ray pachifuva hakukurudzirwi sebvunzo regore negore kumunhu asina zviratidzo uye asina zvinhu zvinomuisa panjodzi. Kuongororwazve kwemifananidzo isina chiratidzo kunowedzera kuratidzwa kwemwaranzi pasina kuwedzera kubatsira. CT yemushonga wakaderera, kwete X-ray pachifuva, ndiyo nzira yakadzidzwa yekuongorora kenza yemapapu kune vanosvuta vane njodzi huru; X-ray pachifuva haina kuratidzwa kuti inoderedza kufa kwekenza yemapapu kana ikashandiswa sebvunzo yekuongorora.

Izvo X-ray yechipfuva isingakwanise kuona kana kusabvisa

Ichi ndicho chinhu chimwe chete chisinganyatsonzwisiswi panyaya yekuongororwa. X-ray yechipfuva inzira yekuongorora, kwete mhinduro chaiyo.

• Coronary artery chirwere: X-ray yechipfuva haioni tsinga dzemwoyo. X-ray yechipfuva yakajairika haitauri kana tsinga dzacho dzakavharika uye haibvisi chirwere chemwoyo kana angina.
• Pulmonary embolism: X-ray yechipfuva haigone kusimbisa kana kubvisa kuumbwa kweropa mutsinga dzemapapu. CT pulmonary angiography ndiyo bvunzo yemubvunzo iwoyo.
• Mapundu madiki emapapu uye kenza yemapapu yekutanga: Maronda ari pasi peinenge sendimita imwe chete, uye maronda akavanzwa kuseri kwemoyo, diaphragm, hila kana mbabvu, kazhinji haaonekwe. X-ray yechipfuva yakajairika haibvisi kenza yemapapu.
• Chifuva cheTB chinokurumidza kana kuti chidiki: X-ray yechipfuva inogona kutaridzika zvakanaka muTB yemapapu yekutanga uye haigone kusiyanisa chirwere chinoshanda nechakaporeswa nechivimbo. Kuongororwa kunoda kuongororwa kwemapundu akadai se smear microscopy uye nucleic acid amplification (semuenzaniso, CBNAAT/NAAT), pamwe nekuongorora kwekiriniki.
• Mwoyo basa: X-ray yechipfuva haigone kuyera chikamu chekubuda kweropa, kuongorora mavharuvhu kana kuona chirwere cherheumatic valve nenzira yakavimbika. Echocardiogram inodiwa.
• Kutyoka kwembabvu kwakawanda: Kutyoka kwembabvu dzisina kusiyiwa uye kukuvara kwecartilage hazviwanzoonekwa. Firimu rakajairika haribvisi mbabvu yakatyoka.
• Chirwere chemapapu chemukati memapapu mumatanho ekutanga: CT ine resolution yepamusoro inonyanya kunzwisisika.
• Asma: X-ray yechipfuva muasthma inowanzova yakajairika. Asthma inoonekwa ne spirometry uye nhoroondo yekiriniki, kwete nemifananidzo.
• Kubuda kweropa mu pleural small effusions uye small pneumothoraces: kunyanya pamafirimu akarara pasi kana anotakurika.
• Tsanangudzo yeOesophageal neMedistinal: Kuongororwa kwenyama yakapfava kunoda CT kana MRI.

Kana X-ray yechipfuva ikataurwa kuti yakajairika asi zviratidzo zvichiramba zvichiwedzera kana kuipa, dzokera kuna chiremba wako. Mushumo wenguva dzose unotsanangura zvaionekwa pafirimu iroro; hazvibvisi chirwere.

Bvunzo dzakabatana asi dzakasiyana

Kuongororwa kupi kunotanga kunoenderana nedambudziko rehutano. Pakurwadziwa kwechipfuva kamwe kamwe kwepleuritic pamwe nekushaya mweya, X-ray yechipfuva inogona kutanga kutsvaga pneumothorax, asi CT pulmonary angiography inopindura mubvunzo we embolism. Pakurwadziwa kwechipfuva kunoshanda, kuongororwa kwemwoyo, kwete X-ray yechipfuva, ndiyo nzira yakakodzera. Pakukosora kusingaperi kune kudzikira kwehuremu muIndia, kuongororwa kwemapumu kunoenderana nemifananidzo kwete mushure mazvo.

Maitiro ekugadzirira X-ray yechipfuva

Kugadzirira hakuna zvakawanda, asi mirairo inosiyana zvichienderana nezvikamu. Tevedzera mirairo chaiyo yakapihwa nedhipatimendi remifananidzo uko scan yako yakabhukwa, iyo ndiyo inonyanya kukosha kupfuura chero gwara rekushandisa.

• Hapana kutsanya: Idya uye inwa zvakanaka. Inwa mishonga yako yawakanyorerwa nguva dzose semazuva ese kunze kwekunge chiremba wako akuudza zvakasiyana.
• Nguo: Pfeka chimwe chinhu chisina zvisungo zvesimbi pamusoro pechiuno. Ungakumbirwa kuti upfeke gown.
• Bvisa simbi: mitsipa yemutsipa, zvipikiri zvebvudzi, bhuro rine waya dzemukati, mari dziri muhomwe uye mamwe mavanga ane mishonga zvinogona kugadzira mimvuri inotevedzera kana kuvanza chirwere.
• Uyai nemafirimu ekare: Kuenzanisa neX-ray yechipfuva chakamboitwa kare ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvikuru zvinogona kuva nenyanzvi yeX-ray. Takura mafirimu, maCD kana mishumo yekare.
• Udza vashandi kuti: kana uine pamuviri kana kuti ungave uine pamuviri, kana wakamboongororwa chipfuva nguva pfupi yadarika, kana kana usingakwanise kumira kana kubata kufema kwako.

Kana ungave nepamuviri

Udza chiremba weX-ray usati waongororwa. X-ray yechipfuva inopa mushonga mudiki uye chibereko chiri kunze kwechiedza chekutanga, saka X-ray yechipfuva inodiwa pakurapa inowanzoitwa panguva yekuzvitakura mushure mekukurukurirana. Sarudzo iri kuna chiremba wako anokurapa uye chiremba weX-ray, vachiyera njodzi yekusaonekwa kana paine mwaranzi midiki.

Children

MaX-ray epachipfuva chevana anoshandisa nzvimbo shoma dzekuona mwana ari pachipfuva. Mubereki anogona kukumbirwa kuti abatsire nekuisa mwana panzvimbo yake uye achapihwa kudzivirirwa. Dzimwe nguva zvinhu zvinobatsira kudzivirira kufamba kwemwana zvinoshandiswa mucheche kudzivirira kufamba-famba.

Vanhu vasingakwanise kumira

Firimu reAP rinotakurika rinotorwa rakarara pamubhedha kana kuti rakarara pasi. Hunhu hwemufananidzo hwakaderera, moyo unoratidzika sewakakura kupfuura zvauri chaizvo, uye ma effusion madiki kana kuti pneumothoraces zviri nyore kupotsa. Mushumo unowanzo taura kuti firimu iri rinotakurika kana kuti AP, izvi zvinokosha kana zvichienzaniswa nemafirimu ekare.

Vakuru nevanhu vane dambudziko rekufema

Kubata mweya uchifema zvizere kungave kwakaoma. Udza chiremba weradiographer; kufema kwako kunogona kurongwa nenguva. Firimu rakatorwa risina kufema zvakanaka rinowanzo buritsa mavanga emapapu akazara uye mwoyo wakakura, uye rinogona kunzwisiswa zvisirizvo serisina kujairika.

What happens during a chest X-ray

• Positioning: Kana uri PA view unomira wakatarisana ne detector, chirebvu chakasimudzwa, maoko ari muchiuno kana maoko akaputirwa mberi kuti mapendekete epafudzi abude muminda yemapapu.
• Kubata mweya: Unofema zvakadzama wobva wazvibata kwemasekonzi maviri kusvika matatu mufananidzo uchitorwa.
• Kuonekwa kwechipiri: Unogona kuona divi rako, maoko ako akasimudzwa uye divi rako rakatarisa pachinhu chinoongorora.
• Kuongorora mufananidzo: murapi wemifananidzo anoongorora mufananidzo wacho nekukasika uye anogona kuudzokorora kana kufamba kana kuiswa kwacho kwaita kuti uore.
• Pashure: hapana nguva yekupora uye hapana migumisiro yechirwere. Mabasa akajairika anotangazve ipapo ipapo.

Zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti maitiro acho aite

Kuonekwa kweX-ray pachako kunotora chidimbu chesekondi. Kutorwa kwemifananidzo yePA kunotora maminetsi maviri kusvika mashanu kusanganisira kuiswa panzvimbo; kuwedzera maonero edivi kana kumirira kuchinjwa kwegown kunowanzoita kuti huwandu hwese huve maminetsi gumi kusvika gumi nemashanu. Nguva yekumirira usati waongororwa uye nguva yekuzivisa mushure mezvo zvinoenderana nebasa reyuniti, bvunza padhesiki rekugamuchira vaenzi kuti vazive nguva dzazvino, sezvo mafirimu ekukurumidzira uye ekurapwa anowanzo ongororwa nekukurumidza kupfuura mafirimu ekugara kunze.

Kunzwisisa mushumo weX-ray yechipfuva chako

Mushumo weX-ray yechipfuva unotsanangura. Nyanzvi yeX-ray inotaura nezveminda yemapapu, saizi yemoyo uye chimiro, mediastinum, hila, pleura, diaphragm, mapfupa nenyama dzakapfava, yobva yapa pfungwa. Hapana nhamba "yakajairika" yeX-ray yechipfuva, uye chero chinhu chinopa mhinduro yacho chinotsausa, dudziro yacho inoonekwa uye inoenzanisa.

Mitsara yakajairika uye zvazvinoreva chaizvo

• "Both lung fields are clear": no visible consolidation, mass or fluid on this film. It is not a statement that the lungs are healthy.
• "Chiyero chemwoyo mukati memiganhu yakajairika": Mvuri wemoyo hauna kukura pakuona uku. Inoshanda chete pafirimu rePA rakatorwa zvakanaka, kwete pafirimu reAP rinotakurika.
• "Zviratidzo zveBronchosclerovascular": tsananguro inowanzotaurwa nezvayo, isina kunyatsotsanangurwa. Inogona kuratidza kufema zvishoma, kuchinja kwakajairika, bronchitis kana kuzara kweropa. Iyo pachayo haisi chirwere chepfungwa.
• "Kubvongodza angle yeCostophrenic": zvinoratidza kuti pleural fluid kana kuti pleural thickening yekare. Ultrasound yechipfuva inowanzo tsanangura kuti ndechipi.
• "Kusaoneka kwefibrotic/calcified munzvimbo yepamusoro": often signifies old, healed tuberculosis, extremely common in India. It does not mean active TB, and treatment is not started on this finding alone.
• "Mapapu ane hyperinflated ane diaphragms dzakapfava": can suggest airflow obstruction such as COPD, but needs spirometry for confirmation.
• "Kukurudzira hukama hwekiriniki" kana "kukurudzira CT kuti iongororwezve": Nyanzvi yeX-ray yakaona chimwe chinhu chisingagone kutsanangurwa nemufananidzo wakatwasuka. Izvi zvinoitika nguva dzose, hazvityisidzi pachazvo.

Results vary depending on individual clinical circumstances. No chest X-ray finding should be self-interpreted. The doctor who requested the test will read the report alongside your symptoms, examination and other tests before deciding anything.

When chest X-ray results can be misleading

Zvakawanikwa zvinogona kuoneka zvisina kujairika

• Kufemerwa kusina kunaka: Kufema zvishoma kunozadza zviratidzo zvemapapu uye kunoita kuti mumvuri wemwoyo uwedzere, zvichitevedzera kuzara kwemwoyo nemapapu.
• Mafirimu eAP anotakurika: kukudza moyo ne mediastinum; moyo wakajairwa unogona kunzi wakakura.
• Kutenderera: Murwere anotenderera anogona kukonzera kuchinja kwepakati pechiso kana kuti mapapu akasviba nerutivi rumwe chete.
• Zvinhu zvinofukidza pamusoro: buttons, hair plaits, nipple shadows, ECG leads and skin lesions can mimic lung nodules.
• Zvigadzirwa zvepazamu, mafuta ari pamadziro echipfuva kana nyama dzakapfava dzakakora: zvinogona kugadzira nzvimbo dzakadzika dzisina kujeka dzakaita sekubatana.
• Mavanga akare akaporeswa: can be misread as new disease if no previous film is available for comparison.

Zvakawanikwa zvinogona kuoneka sezvisiri zvechokwadi kana kuti zvisingakosheswi

• Nzvimbo dzakavanzwa: Maronda ari kuseri kwemoyo, mumapapu, pamucheto wechipfuva, kana pasi pediaphragm haaonekwe zviri nyore pakuona kamwe chete kwePA.
• Mabayoni ekutanga: Kubatanidzwa kwemuviri kunogona kusaonekwa mumaawa ekutanga ekurwara kana kuvarwere vasina mvura yakakwana mumuviri, zvichingoonekwa chete pafirimu rinodzokororwa.
• Kuderedza immune system kana neutropenia: hutachiona hunogona kukonzera shanduko shoma inooneka pasinei nekurwara kwakakomba.
• Mafirimu ekurara pasi pemubhedha: pleural fluid layers iri kumashure uye pneumothorax inoungana pamberi, saka zvese zvinogona kusaonekwa kana murwere akarara pasi.
• Kufuta uye ukobvu hwemuviri hwakanyanya: kuderedza kusiyana kwemaonero uye kunogona kuvharira zviwanikwa zvidiki.
• Kugadziriswa kwedhijitari mushure mekushandisa: Kugadzirisa mifananidzo yakawanda kunogona dzimwe nguva kuderedza kusarongeka kwechokwadi.

Njodzi nekuchengetedzeka

X-ray yechipfuva yakajairika

X-ray yechipfuva inoshandisa imwe yemipimo yakaderera yemwaranzi pane chero kuongororwa kwemifananidzo yekurapa, yakafanana nemazuva mashoma emwaranzi yakajairika, kunyange zvazvo chiyero chaicho chinosiyana zvichienderana nemidziyo uye saizi yemurwere. Hapana jekiseni, hapana kunyaradza uye hapana nguva yekupora. Chinhu chikuru chekufunga nezvacho ndechekudzivisa kudzokorora kuonekwa zvisina kufanira, ndosaka mafirimu ekare achifanira kugara achiuya. Njodzi yemwaranzi inowedzera muhupenyu hwese, saka kuongororwa kwega kwega kunofanira kunge kune chikonzero chekiriniki.

Mafirimu anotakurika uye anodzokororwa muchipatara

Inpatients, particularly in intensive care, may have daily films. Each has a low individual dose, but the department will limit them to those that change management. Image quality is lower than departmental films.

Kuberekwa

Mwana ari mudumbu haasi muchiedza chakananga panguva yeX-ray yechipfuva uye uwandu hwemazamu akapararira hushoma. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, kuongororwa kunoitwa panguva yekuzvitakura chete kana ruzivo rwacho ruchidikanwa. Kurukurai dzimwe nzira dzakadai sechest ultrasound nachiremba wenyu pazvinenge zvakakodzera.

Children

Vana vane hutachiona hwema radioactive kupfuura vakuru uye vane nguva yakareba yekurarama kuti chero chii chiitike, saka nzira dzevana dzinoshandisa mafambiro mashoma uye tight collimation. X-ray yechipfuva mumwana ichiri kururamiswa kana zvichiratidzwa nekiriniki.

Mamiriro ezvinhu anokosha

Kuberekwa

X-ray yechipfuva inoonekwa nekiriniki, semuenzaniso kuongorora zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvine chekuita nemabayo kana TB, inogona kuitwa chero panguva yekuzvitakura mushure mekukurukura nezvenjodzi nemabhenefiti. Udza dhipatimendi usati waongorora kuitira kuti nzira yakakodzera ishandiswe.

Children

MaX-ray epachipfuva muvana anowanzo kumbirwa kana paine zvinofungidzirwa kuti pneumonia, muviri wekunze unofemerwa kana kuti kufema kunogara kuripo. MaX-ray epachipfuva haadiwi pafivha yega yega yevana kana kuti pachirwere cheasthma chisina kuoma. Thymus inogona kukonzera mumvuri wepamusoro wepakati pechipfuva muvacheche, izvo dzimwe nguva zvinofungidzirwa kuti ganda.

Vakuru vakuru

Kukombama kwemusana, kutyoka kwemusana kwakamboitwa uye kufamba kushoma kunokanganisa nzvimbo uye kunaka kwemufananidzo. Kuenzanisa nemafirimu ekare kunonyanya kukosha, sezvo vakuru vazhinji vane shanduko dzenguva refu dzisingachinji uye dzisina njodzi.

Vanhu vanorarama nekushaya simba kwemoyo

X-ray yechipfuva inogona kuratidza kuzara kwemapapu uye kubuda kweropa muropa uye inobatsira pakutsvaga mamiriro emvura, asi haikwanise kuyera mashandiro epombi. Echocardiography inoramba iri bvunzo yeizvozvo. Zvakawanikwa zvinogona kunge zvisiri shure kwekuvandudzwa kwekiriniki.

Vanhu vane COPD kana chirwere chemapapu chenguva refu

Kuchinja kwenguva refu kunogona kuvharidzira hutachiona hutsva. Firimu rekutanga rekare ndiro rinonyanya kubatsira pakuenzanisa.

Vanhu vari kurapwa nechirwere cheTB

Kuvandudzwa kweX-ray kunononoka pane kuvandudzwa kwekiriniki, uye mavanga akasara anowanzogara aripo zvachose. Usafungidzire mumvuri unoramba uripo sekutadza kurapwa, chisarudzo ichocho ndechachiremba wako ari kurapa, uyo achashandisawo mhedzisiro yemapundu. Usamborega kana kuchinja mishonga yekurwisa TB zvichibva pa X-ray report; taura nechiremba wemishonga.

Vanhu vane pacemaker, stents kana implants

Midziyo yakaiswa mudumbu haidziviriri X-ray yechipfuva; bvunzo iyi inowanzo shandiswa kutarisa nzvimbo ye lead. Zvinonetsa nezve simbi inoiswa mudumbu zvinoshanda kuMRI, iyo inoda kuongororwa kwekuchengetedzwa kweMRI, kwete kuX-ray.

X-ray yechipfuva muIndia

• Tiibhii: India ine chikamu chikuru chemutoro weTB pasi rose, uye X-ray yechipfuva chishandiso chikuru muNational TB Elimination Programme, chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu triage pamwe chete nekuongororwa kwemamorekuru. X-ray yechipfuva yoga haigone kusimbisa TB kana kusiyanisa chirwere chinoshanda kubva kuchirwere chakaporeswa; kusimbiswa kwe microbiological kwakavakirwa pamaputum kunodiwa usati warapwa. Kuti uwane nhamba dziripo dzenyika, tarisa WHO Global Tuberculosis Report uye mushumo wegore negore weHurumende yeIndia weTB wegore rakakodzera.
• Old healed TB scarring: fibrosis yepamusoro-nzvimbo uye calcified nodes zvinhu zvakajairika paX-rays dzechipfuva dzeIndia, kazhinji kune vanhu vaisaziva kuti vane hutachiona. Izvi hazvidi kurapwa, asi zvinoda kubatana chete.
• Occupational exposure: silicosis and coal-worker's lung disease remain relevant in mining, stone-crushing and construction. Chest X-ray with an occupational history is central to assessment.
• Kusvibiswa kwemhepo uye utsi hwebiomass: Zviratidzo zvekufema zvisingaperi zvinowanikwa mudzimba dzemumaguta nedzekumaruwa, uye X-ray yechipfuva inobatsira kusiyanisa chirwere chemukati nezviratidzo zvinoda spirometry.
• Rheumatic heart chirwere: ichiri kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeIndia. X-ray yechipfuva inogona kuratidza kukura kwekamuri kana kuzara kwemapapu, asi chirwere chevharuvhu chinowanikwa nekuongorora kwe echo, kwete firimu rechipfuva.
• Mutemo: Kuiswa kweX-ray yekuongorora muIndia kunoshanda pasi pezvinodiwa neAtomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) pakunyoreswa kwemidziyo, kudzivirira makamuri uye kuchengetedzeka kwemwaranzi. Varapi veX-ray nevanoongorora radiation vanoshanda zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa izvi. Cherechedza kuti mitemo yePC-PNDT inoshanda pakuongorora ultrasound nebonde remwana asati aberekwa, kwete pakuongorora chipfuva, asi kuongorora bonde chero kupi zvako kunoramba kuri pamutemo.
• Dziviriro yedata: images and reports are personal health data handled under the Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023.
• Kuongororwa kweVisa, basa uye inishuwarenzi: Vashandirwi vazhinji vekuIndia nevakuru vakuru vekune dzimwe nyika vanokumbira X-ray yechipfuva. Firimu rakadaro igwaro rekuongorora uye haritsivi kuongororwa kwezviratidzo zvekiriniki.

Mutengo neinishuwarenzi muIndia

Kuongororwa kweX-ray pachifuva ndeimwe yemiedzo yemifananidzo isingadhuri zvakanyanya inowanikwa muIndia. Mari dzinoratidza kuti munhu anoenda kunze kwechipatara dzinowanzo kuderera mumazana erupi ekuona kamwe chete muzvipatara zveveruzhinji nezvidiki, nemari yakakwira muzvipatara zvikuru zvemakambani uye kune mamwe maonero. Mari dzinongoratidza chete uye dzinochinja nguva nenguva, simbisa mutengo wepari zvino nechipatara usati wabhuka.

Zvinhu zvinokanganisa mutengo:

• Number of views (PA only versus PA plus lateral, or additional oblique views)
• Dhijitari radiography ichienzaniswa nekombiyuta radiography ichienzaniswa nefirimu yakajairika
• Portable bedside film versus departmental film
• Kana mushumo wechiremba we radiology uripo kana kuti wakabhadharwa zvakasiyana
• Murapi wekunze kana kuti wekurapwa ari mukati kana wekukurumidzira
• City tier and whether the facility is government, trust-run or corporate
• Kungave kuri kukumbirwa firimu rakanyorwa, CD kana kutumira kwedhijitari

Inishuwarenzi: bvunzo dzekuongorora varwere vasiri muchipatara hadziwanzo kuvharwa pasi peinishuwarenzi yehutano inotsiva kunze kwekunge mutemo wacho uine bhenefiti yeOPD. X-ray yechipfuva inoitwa sechikamu chekugara muchipatara inovharwa mukati mekukumbira kwekunge munhu apinda muchipatara. X-ray yekuongororwa usati watanga basa uye vhiza kazhinji haidzoserwe mari. Zvirongwa zvehurumende zvakaita seAyushman Bharat PM-JAY zvinovhara kuongororwa kwakabatana nekubvumidzwa kuzvipatara zvakagadziriswa. Tarisa manyorerwo emutemo wako chaiwo.

Ngano nezvokwadi

Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa

X-ray yechipfuva inogona kuona kenza yemapapu here?

X-ray yechipfuva inogona kuratidza mapapu akakura, asi inowanzo shaya mapundu madiki nemaronda akavanzwa kuseri kwemoyo, mbabvu kana diaphragm. X-ray yechipfuva yakajairwa haibvisi kenza yemapapu. Kana kenza inofungidzirwa kuti iri muchipatara, chipfuva cheCT ndicho nhanho inotevera yakakodzera pasinei nefirimu yakajairika.

Mangani maX-ray epachipfuva akachengeteka mugore?

Hapana nhamba yakatarwa inobvumirwa. X-ray yega yega yechipfuva ine dose shoma kwazvo, uye nhungamiro ndeyekuti kuongororwa kwega kwega kunofanira kunge kune chikonzero chekurapa. Chiremba wako anoenzanisa ruzivo rwakawanikwa kubva pakuonekwa kwakawanda. Kutakura mafirimu ekare kunobatsira kudzivirira kudzokorora kusingakoshi.

Sei mushumo wangu wati "ndinokurudzira CT correlation"?

Chiremba weX-ray akaona chimwe chinhu chisinganyatsoonekwe nemufananidzo wakatwasuka, une mativi maviri, pamwe kupenya, gomba kana mimvuri inopindirana. Mutsara uyu chikumbiro chenguva dzose chemashoko ari nani, kwete chirevo chekuti chimwe chinhu chakakomba chawanikwa. Kurukurai danho rinotevera nachiremba wenyu ari kurapa.

Chii chakasiyana pakati peX-ray yechipfuva nebvunzo re echo?

X-ray yechipfuva inoshandisa mwaranzi kuratidza chimiro chemoyo, saizi nemapapu akakomberedza. Echocardiogram inoshandisa ultrasound kuratidza kufamba kwemoyo, kuyera mashandiro ekupomba uye kuongorora mavharuvhu. Vaviri ava vanopindura mibvunzo yakasiyana; X-ray yechipfuva haigone kutsiva echo muchirwere chemwoyo chinofungidzirwa.

Ndinoda maonero epadivi pamwe chete nemaonero ePA here?

Kwete nguva dzose. Kuona PA chete kunowanzo kukwana kumibvunzo iri nyore senge pneumonia inofungidzirwa. Kuona divi kunowedzera kudzika uye kunobatsira kuwana maronda akavanzwa kuseri kwemoyo kana diaphragm. Chiremba ari kukumbira kana radiologist ndiye anosarudza zvichienderana nemubvunzo wekiriniki.

Can a chest X-ray show asthma?

Kazhinji hazviwanzoitiki. MaX-ray epachipfuva muasthma anowanzo kuve akajairika. Bvunzo iyi inonyanya kukumbirwa kuti isaburitse zvimwe zvinokonzera kufemereka kana kutadza kufema, zvakaita sepneumonia, pneumothorax kana chimwe chinhu chinofemedzwa. Asthma pachayo inoonekwa nenhoroondo yekiriniki uye kuyedzwa kwebasa remapapu.

Mavanga ekare eTB ari paX-ray yangu achakanganisa vhiza here kana kuti basa rekurapa?

Kuchinja kwefibrotic kana calcified upper zone kwakajairika muIndia uye kazhinji kunomiririra hutachiona hwakaporeswa. Vakuru vekuongorora vanogona kukumbira kuongororwa kwemapundu kana kuongororwazve vasati vabviswa. Iri idanho rekuongorora nguva dzose uye harirevi TB inoshanda.

Ko X-ray yechipfuva chedhijitari iri nani pane firimu remazuva ose here?

Dhijitari yeX-ray inowanzo kupa kukurumidza kugadziriswa, kuchengetedza uye kugovera zviri nyore, kugona kugadzirisa kupenya kwemufananidzo mushure mekutorwa, uye kazhinji dose shoma yemhando yemufananidzo yakafanana. Kurongeka kwekuongorora kunoenderana zvakanyanya nemagadzirirwo, nzvimbo uye muverengi kupfuura pachinhu chete.

X-ray yangu yaive yakanaka asi ndichiri kunzwa kusanzwa zvakanaka. Chii chinotevera?

Dzokera kuna chiremba wako. X-ray yechipfuva yakajairwa inotsanangura zvaionekwa pafirimu iroro uye haibvisi chirwere. Zviratidzo zvinoramba zvichiitika kana kuti zvichiwedzera zvinoda kuongororwazve, izvo zvinogona kusanganisira kuongororwa kweropa, kuongororwa kwemapundu, spirometry, echocardiogram kana CT zvichienderana nechikonzero chinofungidzirwa.

Sources

• Sangano reHutano repasi rose, Mushumo weGlobal Tuberculosis Report (chinyorwa chazvino) uye gwara reWHO pamusoro pe radiography yechipfuva yekuongorora TB nekuyera TB
• Central TB Division, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, National TB Elimination Programme technical and operational guidelines
• Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB), India, safety codes and guidelines for medical diagnostic X-ray equipment and installations
• Komisheni Yenyika Dzepasi Pose Yekudzivirira Mionzi (ICRP), mazano pamusoro pezvikonzero uye kugadzirisa mukana wekushandiswa kwemishonga
• American College of Radiology, ACR Maitiro Ekushandisa Pakurapa Kurwara Kwakanyanya Kwekufema, Kurwadziwa Kwechipfuva uye Kukuvara Kwechipfuva
• Royal College of Radiologists, iRefer: Kushandisa Kwakanakisisa Kliniki Radiology
• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), gwara rekurapa pneumonia, COPD, kenza yemapapu inofungidzirwa kuti inokonzerwa nechirwere cherurindi
• US Preventive Services Task Force, chirevo chekurudziro yekuongororwa kwegomarara remapapu