Kidney Function Tests (KFT)

Chii chinowanzoita basa reitsvo?

Itsvo inhengo dzakaita sebhinzi uye dzakakura sechibhakera. Itsvo mbiri dzakarara kumativi ese emusana, kumashure kwedumbu uye pasi pembabvu.

Itsvo dzinochengetedza mwero wemvura wemuviri uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvakakosha zvicherwa. Vanosefa zvinhu zvinorasa uye mvura yakawandisa kubva muropa uye inozviburitsa kubva mumuviri seweti.

Mamwe mabasa eitsvo anosanganisira kugadzirwa kwe:

• vhitamini D
• Masero matsvuku eropa
• Mahomoni anodzora blood pressure

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvezvinetso zveitsvo?

Zviratidzo zvinogona kuratidza dambudziko reitsvo zvinosanganisira:

• High blood pressure
• Ropa mumuguta
• Kugara uchida kuita weti
• Kunetsa kutanga weti
• Kunorwadza weti
• Kuzvimba kwemaoko netsoka 

Ko chiremba angakurudzira KFT riini?

• kana chiremba inofunga kuti itsvo dzingave dzisiri kushanda zvichienderana nenjodzi, zviratidzo zvekiriniki, uye zviratidzo
• Kuongorora uye kuongorora chikonzero chekusashanda zvakanaka kweitsvo
• Kana mamiriro anogona kukuvadza itsvo, akadai chirwere cheshuga kana high blood pressure, inogarawo pamwe chete
• Kuongorora kufambira mberi kwechirwere cheitsvo uye kupindura kurapwa

Ndedzipi mhando dzeKFTs?

Nzira dzakasiyana dzekuongorora kushanda kweitsvo dzinosanganisira:

• Kuongorora urinal: Inoongorora mapuroteni, ropa, pus, mabhakitiriya, uye shuga muweti. Inogona kubatsira kuona akasiyana itsvo uye urinary tract disorders, kusanganisira chirwere chisingaperi cheminzwa, chirwere cheshuga, zvirwere zvedundira, neitsvo. Sezvo kune zvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana zveprotein mumuguta, chirwere chetsvo chingave chisingaiti nguva dzose chinokonzera. Chiremba anogona kudzokorora bvunzo iyi mushure memavhiki mashoma kuti aone kana mhedzisiro yakafanana. Kumwe kuongorora weti kunongoda vhoriyamu diki, nepo kumwe kunoda kuunganidzwa kweweti mukati memaawa makumi maviri nemana apfuura. Kuongororwa weti yemaawa makumi maviri nemana inoratidza kuti yakawanda sei weti inogadzirwa neitsvo dzako uye kuyera nemazvo kuti itsvo dzako dziri kushanda sei zuva nezuva.

Mugaba uchapihwa kuti utore weti yekuunganidza uye wozotumirwa ku lab kunoongororwa kukiriniki yachiremba kana chipatara. 

• Urinary Protein: Kuvapo kweprotein muweti kunozivikanwa seproteinuria. Iwe unogona kuve nechiyero ichi sechikamu cheurinalysis kana dipstick bvunzo. A positive dipstick test (≥1+) inofanira kusimbiswa ne:

• Kuongorora microalbuminuria: Uyu ndiwo muyedzo we dipstick wakanyanya unokwanisa kuona diki diki yealbumin (iyo inowanzojairika rudzi rweweti protein). Kuwanda kwealbumin muweti kunogona kuratidza kusashanda zvakanaka kwetsvo. Vanhu vari panjodzi yekusashanda zvakanaka kwerenal (semuenzaniso, avo vane chirwere cheshuga or hypertension) inofanirwa kuve nebvunzo iyi kana kuti albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) kana bvunzo yavo yedipstick yeproteinuria isina kunaka.
• ACR: Patinogovanisa huwandu hweurinary albumin neurinary creatinine, tinowana ACR. An ACR <30 inoonekwa seyakajairika. ACR iri pakati pe30-300 inoratidza ine mwero albuminuria. ACR> 300 zvinoreva albuminuria yakaoma. 

• Creatinine Clearance: Ongororo iyi inofananidza mwero wecreatinine mu24-awa sampuro yeweti kune creatinine huwandu muropa kuratidza kuti ikawanda sei tsvina iri kusefa neitsvo paminiti yega yega.

• Mienzaniso yeropa: Ongororo mbiri idzi dzinoda kutorwa ropa kukiriniki yachiremba kana kuchipatara dzinosanganisira BUN uye serum creatinine bvunzo. Iyo technician inotanga kusunga bhandi re elastic paruoko rwepamusoro, izvo zvinoita kuti tsinga dziri mukubhenda kweruoko dzive nemukurumbira. Nyanzvi inochenesa nzvimbo iri pamusoro petsinga, vobva vatsveta tsono ine buri mukati meganda uye mutsinga, zvichiita kuti ropa riyerere muchubhu yetest. Mushure mekuedzwa, nyanzvi ichaisa gauze uye bhandi pamusoro penzvimbo yepuncture. Nyanzvi inotumira chubhu kune lab kuti iongororwe.

• Serum creatinine bvunzo: Creatinine chinhu chakajairika chekuputsika kwetsandanyama kubvaruka uye kubvaruka, izvo zvinowanzosefa kubva muropa neitsvo. Maererano neNational Kidney Foundation, creatinine level> 1.2 milligrams/deciliter (mg/dL) yevakadzi uye> 1.4 mg/dL yevarume inoratidza kusashanda zvakanaka kweitsvo. Nekufambira mberi kwerenal dysfunction, chiyero che creatinine muropa chinokwira. Iyo serum creatinine bvunzo ndiyo yakakosha yekuongorora kushanda kwetsvo uye inotaridza kukwirira kweserum creatinine.

• Ropa urea nitrogen (BUN): The BUN bvunzo inobatsira kuona huwandu hwe urea nitrogen, kuparara kwechigadzirwa cheprotein yezvokudya, muropa. Pamwe chete nekukuvara kwetsvo, yakakwira BUN inogonawo kusimuka kubva pakutora mimwe mishonga, kusanganisira aspirin uye mamwe marudzi emishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Vanhu vanofanirwa kuzivisa varapi vavo nezve zvinodhaka zvavo uye nhoroondo yekuwedzera yekudya. Kana bvunzo iyi ichidikanwa, munhu anofanirwa kumisa mishonga iyi kwemazuva mashoma isati yaitwa. Chiyero cheBUN chiyero chinotangira pa7 uye 20 mg/dL. Sezvo basa retsvo richidzikira zvishoma nezvishoma, mwero weBUN unokwira, uye kukosha kwepamusoro kunogona kuratidza nyaya dzehutano, kusanganisira kusashanda zvakanaka kweitsvo.

• Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR): Izvi zvinoratidza kuti itsvo dzinosefa sei tsvina uye mvura yakawandisa kubva muropa. Isu tinogona kuona chiyero nekutarisa akasiyana siyana ekiriniki paramita:
  • Serum creatinine level
  • zera
  • Gender
  • rudzi
  • urefu
  • uremu

Muedzo uyu unoyera kuti itsvo dzinobvisa sei tsvina uye mvura yakawandisa kubva muropa. Normal GFR inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nezera (inogona kuderera nezera). Tinogona kuverenga iyo GFR semillilitres/miniti/1.73m². Iko kukosha kweGFR ndeye 90 kana pamusoro. GFR iri pasi pe60 inoratidza kuti imwe nzira yekusashanda zvakanaka kwetsvo yapinda. dialysis kana kuisirwa.

Kufungidzira Miedzo iyo inogona kubatsira nekubatanidza kuongororwa pamwe neKFTs

• Ultrassom uye CT: Anogona kushandiswa kutarisa abnormalities pakukura kweitsvo kana chinzvimbo kana zvipingamupinyi zvakaita sematombo kana mamota.
• Tingada a itsvo biopsy mumamiriro ezvinhu anotevera:
  • Kuziva kutanga kwechirwere uye kufambira mberi uye kuona zvingangoitika pakurapwa
  • Kuongorora huwandu hwekukuvara kwetsvo 
  • Kuti uwane zvikonzero itsvo transplant kurambwa

Ndedzipi nzira dzekurapa kwechirwere cheitsvo chekutanga?

Kana KFTs ichiratidza chirwere cheitsvo chiri pasi, kupindira kwehutungamiri hwechiremba kunotarisana nechikonzero chinokonzera chirwere. Kuwedzera pakudzidzisa munhu wacho nezvemararamiro uye kuchinjwa kwezvokudya, vanachiremba vangamupa mishonga yokudzora BP uye chirwere cheshuga. Kutumirwa kuna a chiremba wemwoyo or endocrinologist inogona kudiwa zvichienderana nemigumisiro yekuedza uye mufananidzo wekliniki yose. Dzokorora maKFT anozodiwa kuti atarise mafambiro uye mhinduro pakurapa. 

Disclaimer: Ichi chinyorwa ndechezvinangwa zveruzivo chete uye kwete kutsiva zano rekurapa. Bvunza nyanzvi yezvehutano kuti uongorore, kurapwa, kana kunetseka.