FTP

ziviso

A Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) iboka rebvunzo rinoshandiswa kuongorora kuti mapapu ako ari kushanda zvakanaka sei. Miedzo iyi inoyera huwandu hwemweya waunogona kufema nekuburitsa, kumhanya kwaunogona kufema, uye kuti okisijeni inofambiswa sei kubva mumapapu ako ichienda muropa rako. Mhedzisiro yebvunzo idzi inogona kupa ruzivo rwakakosha nezvemamiriro emapapu ako uye inogona kubatsira kuongorora huwandu hwemamiriro ekufema, anosanganisira asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), uye pulmonary fibrosis.

Chii chinonzi Pulmonary Function Test (PFT)?

A Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) inoreva seti yebvunzo inoyera kuti mapapu ako anoshanda sei. Chinangwa chikuru chezviyedzo izvi ndechekuongorora huwandu hwemapapu, kugona, kuyerera, uye kushanda zvakanaka uko oksijeni inotamiswa kubva mumapapu ichienda kuropa. Migumisiro yePFT inogona kubatsira kuongorora zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvemapapu, kuona kuoma kwemamiriro emapapu, uye kutarisa kufambira mberi kwekurapa kana chirwere chemapapu nekufamba kwenguva.

Kune akatiwandei akasiyana emhando dzepulmonary function test, kusanganisira:

• Spirometry: Uyu muedzo unoyera huwandu hwemhepo yaunogona kufema nekufemera kunze, pamwe nekukurumidza kwaungaita kudaro. Inowanzo shandiswa kuongorora mamiriro akaita seasthma uye COPD.
• Muedzo weLung Volume: Muedzo uyu unoyera huwandu hwemweya wese anogona kubatwa nemapapu ako, zvichibatsira kuongorora zvirwere zvemapapu senge pulmonary fibrosis.
• Diffusion Capacity Test: Uyu muedzo unoongorora kuti oxygen inofamba sei kubva mumapapu ako ichienda muropa rako. Zvakakosha kuongorora mamiriro akaita emphysema kana interstitial lung disease.
• Body Plethysmography: Muedzo uyu unoyera huwandu hwemweya mumapapu mushure mekunge waburitsa zvachose, zvichibatsira kuongorora vhoriyamu yemapapu uye kudzivirira kwemhepo.
• Methacholine Dambudziko Muedzo: Inoshandiswa kuongorora asima, iyi bvunzo inosanganisira kufemesa mushonga unokonzera kuti nzira dzemhepo dzisimbe, zvichibatsira kuona kufambisa mhepo.

Iyo Pulmonary Function Test Inoshanda Sei?

PFT inowanzoitwa munzvimbo yekiriniki, yakadai sehofisi yepulmonologist kana chipatara. Iyo nzira inowanzobatanidza matanho anotevera:

1. Kugadzirira: Muedzo usati watanga, uchakumbirwa kuti ubvise chero zvipfeko zvinobata, zvishongo, kana zvinhu zvinogona kukutadzisa kufema. Zvichienderana nerudzi rwebvunzo, unogona kurairwa kurega kudya, kunwa, kana kushandisa mimwe mishonga kwenguva yakatarwa isati yaitwa.
2. Spirometry Test: Kune spirometry, iwe uchakumbirwa kufema mumuromo wakabatanidzwa kune spirometer, iyo inoyera huwandu hwemweya waunofema mukati nekubuda. Iwe unozokumbirwa kutora kufema kwakadzika uye wozofemera kunze nesimba uye zvizere sezvinobvira. Izvi zvinowanzoitwa kakawanda kuti zvive nechokwadi chekururama.
3. Muedzo weLung Volume: Panguva yekuedza vhoriyamu yemapapu, unogona kukumbirwa kufemera mumuchina unoyera kugona kwemapapu ako. Iwe unogona zvakare kukumbirwa kufema musanganiswa wegasi kuti ubatsire kuverenga huwandu hwemapapu ako.
4. Diffusion Capacity Test: Pamuyedzo uyu, unofema kagasi kadiki (kazhinji kabhoni monoxide kana chinhu chakafanana), uye muchina unoyera kuti yakawanda sei gasi rinotorwa nemapapu ako roendeswa muropa rako.
5. Body Plethysmography: Muedzo uyu unosanganisira kugara mukati mekakamuri kadiki, kasina mhepo uye kufemera mumuromo. Chigadzirwa chacho chichayera mhepo yemhepo mukamuri paunenge uchifema, zvichibatsira kuongorora huwandu hwemapapu uye kudzivirira kwemhepo.
6. Methacholine Dambudziko Muedzo: Mumuedzo uyu, iwe unofemera kuwedzera huwandu hwemethacholine, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti nzira dzemhepo dzibate muvanhu vane asima. Mhinduro yacho inoyerwa ne spirometry kuona dhigirii rekufamba kwemhepo.

Sei Pulmonary Function Test Inoitwa?

PFTs inoitwa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kuongorora, kutarisa, nekugadzirisa mamiriro ekufema. Zvimwe zvezvikonzero zvinowanzoitika zvekuita pulmonary function test zvinosanganisira:

• Kuongorora Mamiriro Okufema: PFTs inowanzoshandiswa kuongorora mamiriro emapapu akadai seasthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis, uye emphysema. Vanobatsira kuona kuti mapapu ako ari kushanda zvakanaka sei uye kuti pane abnormalities aripo here.
• Kuongorora Chirwere cheLung: Kune vanhu vakatoonekwa kuti vane chirwere chemapapu, PFTs inoshandiswa nguva dzose kutarisa kushanda kwemapapu uye kuongorora kushanda kwekurapa. Shanduko mumhinduro dzebvunzo dzinogona kuratidza kana mamiriro ari kuwedzera kana kuve nani.
• Kuongorora Basa reLung Usati Wavhiyiwa: PFTs dzimwe nguva inoitwa vasati vavhiyiwa, kunyanya kana kuvhiyiwa kunosanganisira mapapu kana kufema. Vanobatsira kuongorora kana basa remapapu remurwere rakakwana kuti aite chirongwa ichi uye apore mushure.
• Kuongorora Kupfupika Kwekufema: Kana uri kuona kupfupika kusingatsananguriki kufema, PFT inogona kubatsira kuziva chikonzero chinokonzera. Inogona kusiyanisa pakati pezvirwere zvemapapu zvinodzivirira (semuenzaniso, pulmonary fibrosis) uye zvirwere zvinodzivisa (semuenzaniso, asthma kana COPD).
• Kuongorora Kusangana Nengozi Yebasa: Vanhu vakashanda munzvimbo dzine zvinhu zvinokuvadza (zvakadai seasbestos, guruva remarasha, kana zvimwe zvinosvibisa) vanogona kupiwa PFT yekuongorora kukanganisa pamapapu avo.

Magadzirirwo Ekuita YeyePulmonary Function Test

Nepo maPFT asingapindire uye ari nyore, zvakakosha kutevedzera nhungamiro yekugadzirira kuti uve nechokwadi chemhedzisiro. Hezvino zvekuchengeta mupfungwa:

• Dzivisa Kusvuta: Iwe unofanirwa kudzivisa kusvuta kweanenge maawa makumi maviri nemana usati waedzwa, sezvo kusvuta kunogona kukanganisa kushanda kwemapapu ako uye kukanganisa migumisiro.
• Dzivisa Kuemesa Maekisesaizi: Iwe unofanirwa kudzivirira maekisesaizi akasimba kweanenge maminetsi makumi matatu isati yaitwa bvunzo, sezvo ichigona kushandura mapapu ako kwenguva pfupi uye kukanganisa chokwadi chemhedzisiro.
• Mishonga: Mimwe mishonga, yakadai sebronchodilators, steroids, kana mamwe inhalers, inogona kukanganisa migumisiro yemuedzo. Iwe unofanirwa kuzivisa mutarisiri wako wehutano nezve chero mishonga yauri kutora, uye ivo vanokupa gwara rekuti ugadzirise kana kuinyima iyo isati yaongororwa.
• Kutsanya: Nepo kutsanya kusingawanzo kudikanwa, chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira kuti urege kudya chikafu chinorema musati bvunzo, kunyanya kana ichisanganisira yemapapu volume test kana body plethysmography.
• Pfeka Zvipfeko Zvinofadza: Zvinokurudzirwa kupfeka zvipfeko zvisina kusununguka zvinokutendera kufema zvakanaka. Mbatya dzakasimba dzinogona kukutadzisa kufema zvakanyanya uye zvinogona kukanganisa mhinduro dzebvunzo.
• Hunza Rondedzero yeZviratidzo Zvako uye Nhoroondo Yekurapa: Iva wakagadzirira kupa ruzivo rwezviratidzo zvako (sekukosora, kufema, kana kutadza kufema), chero nhoroondo yemamiriro ekufema, uye chero mishonga yauri kushandisa parizvino.

Kuturikira Migumisiro Yekuedza

Mhedzisiro yepulmonary function test inoongororwa nemupi wehutano, kazhinji pulmonologist, uyo anodudzira iyo data kubva pane akati wandei akakosha zviyero:

• Kumanikidzwa Kupera Kwevhoriyamu (FEV1): Izvi zvinoyera kuti wakawanda sei mweya waunogona kuburitsa musekondi imwe mushure mekutora kufema kwakadzika. Icho chimwe chezviratidzo zvakakosha zvekushanda kwemapapu, kunyanya mukuongorora zvirwere zvemapapu zvinodzivisa zvakadai seasthma neCOPD.
• Kumanikidzwa Kukosha Kukwanisa (FVC): Izvi zvinoyera huwandu hwemhepo hwaunogona kuburitsa nesimba mushure mekutora kufema kwakadzika. FVC yakaderedzwa inogona kuratidza zvirwere zvemapapu zvinodzivirira, zvakadai sepulmonary fibrosis kana interstitial lung disease.
• FEV1/FVC mwero: Chiyero cheFEV1 kusvika kuFVC chinoshandiswa kusiyanisa zvirwere zvemapapu zvinodzivisa uye zvinodzivisa. Chiyero chepasi chinoratidza zvirwere zvemapapu zvinodzivisa, nepo chiyero chakanaka kana chakakwirira chinogona kuratidza zvirwere zvinodzivisa.
• Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF): Izvi zvinoyera kumhanya kwepamusoro kwaunogona kufema. Inowanzo shandiswa kuongorora kuomarara kweasthma uye kuti murwere anogona sei kubata kuyerera kwemhepo panguva yekurwiswa kweasthma.
• Yese Lung Capacity (TLC): Izvi zvinoyera huwandu hwese hwemhepo mumapapu mushure mekufema kwakadzika. Zvinobatsira kuongorora kuti mhepo yakawanda sei inogona kubatwa nemapapu uye inogona kuratidza mamwe mamiriro emapapu.
• Diffusing Capacity (DLCO): Izvi zvinoyera kuti magasi akaita seokisijeni anopfuura sei kubva mumapapu achienda muropa. Zvinonyanya kubatsira pakuongorora zvirwere zvakaita se emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis, uye mamwe mamiriro anokanganisa alveoli (madiki emhepo masaga mumapapu).

Normal Range uye Test Migumisiro Dudziro

Kududzira mhedzisiro yePFT kunoenderana nekuenzanisa zviyero kune zvakasimbiswa zvakajairwa tsika. Aya maitiro anogona kusiyana zvichienderana nezera, bonde, kureba, uye rudzi. Kazhinji, mitsara inotevera inoonekwa seyakajairika:

• FEV1: Kumunhu ane hutano, FEV1 inofanirwa kunge iine 80% yehukoshi hunofanotaurwa zvichienderana nezera, bonde, uye kukura.
• FVC: FVC inofanirawo kunge iine 80% yehuwandu hunofungidzirwa kumunhu ane hutano. Ukoshi hwakaderera hunogona kuratidza mamiriro emapapu anoganhurira.
• FEV1/FVC mwero: Chiyero chehutano chinowanzopfuura 70-80%. Chiyero chiri pasi pe70% chinogona kuratidza zvirwere zvemapapu zvinodzivisa seCOPD kana asthma.
• DLCO: Iyo yakajairika DLCO inowanzo pfuura 80% yehuwandu hwakafanotaurwa, kunyangwe izvi zvinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro ega ega. A yakaderera DLCO inoratidza kusakanganiswa kwekuchinjana kwegasi mumapapu, inowanzoonekwa mune emphysema kana pulmonary fibrosis.
• FTA: Huwandu hwemapapu hunofanirwa kuwira mukati meyakajairika renji zvichienderana nehukuru hwemuviri wako. Iyo yakaderera TLC inogona kuratidza kudzora zvirwere zvemapapu, nepo TLC yakakwira inogona kuratidza emphysema kana mamwe mamiriro ekudzivirira.

Ngozi uye Zvinetso zvePFT

Nepo pulmonary function bvunzo kazhinji dzakachengeteka, kune mashoma angangoita njodzi uye kufunga kunofanirwa kuziva:

• Kusagadzikana Kwekufema: Vamwe varwere vanogona kusangana nekusagadzikana zvishoma panguva ye spirometry kana zvimwe zvikamu zvebvunzo, kunyanya kana vaine mamiriro emapapu aripo. Zvakakosha kuzivisa nyanzvi kana uchinzwa kureruka, dzungu, kana kupera simba.
• Hyperventilation: Munguva yekuedzwa, unogona kukumbirwa kuti ufemese nesimba kana inhale, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira ku hyperventilation (kukurumidza kufema). Izvi zvinowanzopfupika asi zvinogona kukonzera kusagadzikana kana dzungu.
• Kurwara: Kana bronchodilator ikashandiswa panguva yekuongororwa kana kana mudziyo usina kucheneswa zvakanaka, pane njodzi diki yekutapukirwa. Zvisinei, njodzi iyi yakaderera zvikuru.
• Kuturikira zvisirizvo kweZvabuda: Mune zvimwe zviitiko, bvunzo ingangoda kudzokororwa kana mhedzisiro isingaenderane kana kujeka. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uteedzere mirairo yese nemazvo kuti uve nechokwadi chezvakanakisa zvinogoneka.

Murwere FAQs Nezve Pulmonary Function Tests

• Chii chinonzi Pulmonary Function Test (PFT)?

  PFT iboka rebvunzo rinoshandiswa kuona kuti mapapu ako ari kushanda zvakanaka sei. Inoyera mafambiro emhepo, mavhoriyamu emapapu, uye nemafambiro anoita mapapu ako okisijeni kuenda kuropa, zvichibatsira kuongorora nekutarisa mamiriro emapapu.

• Ndinofanira kugadzirira sei PFT?

  Gadzirira nekudzivisa kusvuta kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana usati waedzwa, kurega maekisesaizi akasimba, uye kuzivisa chiremba wako nezvemishonga ipi neipi yaunotora. Pfeka zvipfeko zvisina kusimba uye dzivirira kudya kunorema nguva pfupi isati yaitwa bvunzo.

• PFT inorwadza here?

  Kwete, PFT inzira isiri-invasive. Iwe unogona kunzwa kusagadzikana paunenge uchifuridzira mumuromo kana kubata mweya wako, asi hazvifanirwe kukonzera kurwadziwa.

• PFT inotora nguva yakareba sei?

  Muedzo we pulmonary function unowanzo tora anenge makumi matatu kusvika makumi matanhatu maminetsi, zvichienderana nerudzi rwebvunzo dzinodiwa uye kuoma kwekuongorora.

• Ndezvipi zvinogona kuonekwa nePFT?

  PFT inogona kuona uye kuongorora mamiriro akaita seasthma, COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, emphysema, zvirwere zvemapapu, uye dzimwe nyaya dzekufema. Inoshandiswawo kutarisa mafambiro ezvirwere izvi.

• Ndedzipi njodzi dzePFT?

  Njodzi idzi ishoma asi dzinogona kusanganisira kusagadzikana kana dzungu, kunyanya kana uchinge wakumbirwa kubata mweya wako kana kufema nesimba. Pane zvakare njodzi diki yekutapukirwa kana michina isina kucheneswa nemazvo.

• PFT yakarurama zvakadii?

  PFTs ndeyechokwadi kana ikaitwa nemazvo uye ichidudzirwa nenyanzvi yakadzidziswa. Vanopa ruzivo rwakakosha mukushanda kwemapapu uye kubatsira mukuongorora mamiriro ekufema.

• Chii chinoitika kana bvunzo dzisina kunaka?

  Kana zvigumisiro zvichiratidza dambudziko remapapu, mutarisiri wako wehutano anogona kukurudzira kumwe kuedzwa kana kurapwa, sekugadzirisa mishonga kana zvimwe zvidzidzo zvekufungidzira, kuti uongorore mamiriro acho zvakanyanya.

• Ndingadya ndisati ndaongororwa here?

  Iwe unofanirwa kudzivirira kudya chikafu chikuru usati waedzwa, asi chikafu chakareruka chinowanzo gara zvakanaka. Zvakakosha kuti usasvuta kana kurovedza muviri usati waongororwa zvakare.

• Ko PFT ichaona asthma here?

  Hongu, PFT inogona kuona asthma nekuyera kubuda kwemhepo mukati nekubuda mumapapu. Muvarwere vane asima, kuyerera kwemhepo kunogona kudzikiswa, kunyanya panguva yekurwisa asima.

mhedziso

Iyo Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) chishandiso chakakosha chekuongorora hutano hwemapapu uye kuongorora huwandu hwakasiyana hwemamiriro ekufema. Kunyangwe iwe uri kuongororwa asthma, COPD, kana chero imwe chirwere chemapapu, ruzivo rwakawanikwa kubva kuPFT rwakakosha pakutarisa nekugadzirisa hutano hwemapapu ako. Nekugadzirira kushoma kunodiwa uye njodzi dzakaderera dzakabatanidzwa, PFT chinhu chakachengeteka, chinoshanda, uye chakakosha chekuziva nekurapa mamiriro emapapu nekukurumidza. Kana uine zvimwe zvinokunetsa kana mibvunzo nezve bvunzo, gara uchibvunza mutarisiri wako wehutano kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.