Benralizumab: Uses, Dosage, Side Effects and More

Benralizumab is a monoclonal antibody that has transformed the treatment landscape for severe eosinophilic asthma. This guide provides an in-depth exploration of Benralizumab, including its uses, dosage, side effects, interactions, and benefits.

What is Benralizumab?

Benralizumab is a biologic medication that targets interleukin-5 (IL-5) receptors on eosinophils, a type of white blood cell involved in allergic reactions and asthma. By depleting eosinophils, Benralizumab helps reduce inflammation in the airways, improving breathing and reducing asthma exacerbations.

Approved by the FDA in 2017, Benralizumab is marketed under the brand name Fasenra and is used to treat severe eosinophilic asthma in adults and adolescents.

Uses of Benralizumab

1. Severe Eosinophilic Asthma: Used as an add-on maintenance therapy for patients aged 12 years and older with severe eosinophilic asthma inadequately controlled with inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs).
2. Reduction in Oral Corticosteroid Dependence: Helps reduce or eliminate the need for systemic corticosteroids in patients requiring chronic use for asthma control.
3. Improvement in Quality of Life: Provides better asthma symptom control, reducing exacerbations and improving overall lung function.

Dosage of Benralizumab

Standard Dosage:

Adults and Adolescents (12 years and older):

• Initial Dose: 30 mg administered subcutaneously once every 4 weeks for the first 3 doses.
• Maintenance Dose: 30 mg every 8 weeks thereafter.

Administration:

Benralizumab is administered as a subcutaneous injection, typically in the upper arm, thigh, or abdomen. Injections are usually given by a healthcare provider, but patients can self-administer after proper training.

Note: Dosage adjustments are not required for renal or hepatic impairment.

Side Effects of Benralizumab

While Benralizumab is generally well-tolerated, some side effects may occur.

Common Side Effects:

• Headache
• Pharyngitis (sore throat)
• Fever
• Injection site reactions (pain, redness, swelling)
• Fatigue

Severe Side Effects:

• Hypersensitivity Reactions: Rash, itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing, which can occur during or after the injection.
• Anaphylaxis: Rare but life-threatening allergic reaction requiring immediate medical attention.

Patients experiencing severe or unusual symptoms should seek medical advice promptly.

Interaction with Other Medicines

Benralizumab has minimal drug interactions, as it is not metabolized by the liver or kidneys. However, it is essential to discuss all medications with a healthcare provider to ensure safety.

1. Concurrent Asthma Medications: Benralizumab is typically used alongside inhaled corticosteroids and LABAs. It does not replace these medications but complements them.
2. Immunosuppressive Therapies: Caution is advised when combining Benralizumab with other immunosuppressive treatments, as this may increase the risk of infections.
3. Vaccines: Live vaccines should be avoided during treatment, as Benralizumab suppresses certain immune functions. Non-live vaccines are safe but may be less effective.

Benefits of Benralizumab

1. Efficacy in Severe Eosinophilic Asthma: Reduces the frequency of asthma exacerbations significantly.
2. Steroid-Sparing Effect: Minimizes or eliminates the need for oral corticosteroids, reducing associated side effects like weight gain and osteoporosis.
3. Improved Lung Function: Enhances breathing capacity and symptom control, allowing for better physical activity and daily life participation.
4. Convenient Dosing Schedule: Infrequent dosing (every 8 weeks after the initial phase) ensures convenience and adherence.
5. Low Systemic Side Effects: Targeted action against eosinophils limits systemic adverse effects compared to traditional asthma treatments.

FAQs About Benralizumab

1. What is Benralizumab used for?
   Benralizumab is used to treat severe eosinophilic asthma in patients who are not well-controlled with standard inhaled therapies.
2. How does Benralizumab work?
   It targets IL-5 receptors on eosinophils, reducing their numbers and preventing inflammation in the airways.
3. How is Benralizumab administered?
   It is given as a subcutaneous injection every 4 weeks for the first 3 doses, then every 8 weeks thereafter.
4. Can Benralizumab replace my inhaler?
   No, it is an add-on therapy and does not replace inhaled corticosteroids or rescue inhalers.
5. What are the common side effects of Benralizumab?
   Common side effects include headache, sore throat, injection site reactions, and fatigue.
6. Can I self-administer Benralizumab?
   Yes, after receiving proper training from your healthcare provider, you can self-inject Benralizumab at home.
7. Is Benralizumab safe for children?
   It is approved for use in adolescents aged 12 years and older. Safety in younger children has not been established.
8. What happens if I miss a dose?
   Contact your healthcare provider for guidance. Do not double the dose to compensate for a missed one.
9. Are there any dietary restrictions while on Benralizumab?
   No specific dietary restrictions are required. Maintain a healthy diet to support overall well-being.
10. Is Benralizumab safe during pregnancy?
    The safety of Benralizumab during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not well established. Discuss risks and benefits with your doctor.

Brand Names of Benralizumab

Fasenra® (AstraZeneca)

Conclusion

Benralizumab is a game-changing therapy for severe eosinophilic asthma, providing effective symptom control, reducing exacerbations, and improving the quality of life for patients. Its targeted mechanism of action and convenient dosing schedule make it a valuable option for patients struggling with poorly controlled asthma.