schizophrenia

I-Schizophrenia yisifo sengqondo esibonakala ngokuziphatha okungavamile komphakathi kanye nokungakwazi ukuqonda iqiniso. Izimpawu ze-schizophrenia zihlanganisa ukucabanga okudidekile, ukubona izinto ezingekho, izinkolelo ezingamanga, ukungabi nogqozi kanye nokuncipha kwempilo yomphakathi. Izinkinga zempilo yengqondo njengokukhathazeka nokudangala zivamile kubantu abane-schizophrenia. Ngokuvamile, iziguli ezine-schizophrenic zivame ukusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa.

Umuntu one-schizophrenic unemicabango edidayo, abone izithombe zezinto ezingekho, ezwe imisindo engekho empeleni futhi alahlekelwe ukuxhumana namaqiniso. Kuyisifo esivamile esingahlasela noma ubani nanoma yisiphi isikhathi.

schizophrenia kuwukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okungapheli futhi kudinga ukwelashwa impilo yonke. Umuntu one-schizophrenic angase abe nezimpawu ngeziqephu noma njalo. Izimbangela zihlanganisa izici zemvelo kanye nezici zofuzo. Izici zemvelo njengokukhuliswa kwedolobha, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezifana nensangu ngesikhathi sobusha, ukuba khona kwezifo, iminyaka yabazali, ukushoda kwesondlo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, njll. kudlala indima enkulu.

Izinhlobonhlobo zezici zofuzo kanye nomlando womndeni nakho kubangela i-schizophrenia. Izici ezimbalwa zomphakathi ezifana nokungasebenzi isikhathi eside nobumpofu nazo zidlala indima ku-schizophrenia.

Njengokwemibiko eminingi yezibalo yango-2017, cishe u-1% wabantu abaningi une-schizophrenia. Ngokwesilinganiso, abesilisa bathambekele kakhulu ku-schizophrenia kunabesifazane futhi bangase babe nezimpawu ezinzima kakhulu kunabesifazane. Iziguli eziningi azilulami ngokuphelele. Cishe u-20% wamacala afuna usizo kungenzeka enze kahle.

Iziguli eziphethwe i-schizophrenia zivame ukuba nethuba elikhulayo lokuthuthukisa ezinye izindaba zezempilo. Iminyaka yokuphila yeziguli ezinjalo ingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-10 - 25 kunomphakathi jikelele. Amazinga okuzibulala phakathi kwalaba bantu cishe aphezulu ngo-5% kunomphakathi jikelele.

Abantu bavame ukuchaza kabi i-schizophrenia ukuze bahlukanise ukuphazamiseka kobuntu, okuwuhlobo oluhlukile lwesifo sengqondo. I-split personality disorder iyisifo esingajwayelekile uma siqhathaniswa ne-schizophrenia, esivamile.

Umuntu ovamile angase abonise izimpawu nezimpawu ze-schizophrenia kodwa akakwazi ukuthathwa njengesiguli esine-schizophrenic ngaphandle uma izimpawu ezinjalo zihlala isikhathi esincane sezinyanga ezingu-6. Kwesinye isikhathi, kuyenzeka ukuthi umuntu abe nesiqephu se-schizophrenia ngenxa yenguquko ezumayo nengamukeleki empilweni. Nokho, lapho izigaba ezithile zidlula, bayalulama kukho futhi ngeke baphinde bahlangabezane neziqephu ezinjalo. Ukucindezeleka kungabangela noma kukhuphule i-schizophrenia kodwa ucwaningo lufakazela ukuthi ukucindezeleka kukodwa akuyona imbangela ye-schizophrenia.

Izimbangela ze-schizophrenia azichazwa ngokuqondile. Nokho, kuthiwa kungase kube nengxube yezinto. Bahlanganisa -

• Biology of the Brain – Ukungalingani kwenani lamakhemikhali athile ebuchosheni abhekele ukulawula ukucabanga nokuqonda. Ukungalingani phakathi kwama-neurotransmitters afana ne-dopamine, i-glutamate ne-serotonin nakho kungaba imbangela. Lawa ma-neurotransmitters anesibopho sokudlula kolwazi phakathi kwamaseli ezinzwa ebuchosheni. Ukungalingani kwenani lala makhemikhali kungashintsha indlela umuntu asabela ngayo ekushukumiseni, kumenze abe nenkinga ekucubunguleni umsindo, ukubona, ukunambitha kanye nephunga futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuphumele ekuboneni izinto ezingekho kanye nokukhohlisa.
• Izinto Zokuthuthukisa – Ukukhula okungalungile kokuxhumana nezindlela ebuchosheni ngesikhathi sokukhula komntwana esibelethweni nakho kungase kuholele ku-schizophrenia ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lapho umama okhulelwe ebhekana nengcindezi futhi engondleki kahle ngesikhathi ekhulelwe, ayanda amathuba omntwana okuba ne-schizophrenia kamuva ekuphileni. Ukwenyuka kwezinga lokuchayeka ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane esibelethweni ngesikhathi sokubeletha nakho kungaba yimbangela.
• I-Genetic Ukwakheka Komuntu– I-schizophrenia iqala emindenini futhi ijwayele ukudlula isuka kwesinye isizukulwane iye kwesinye. Izinguquko zamahomoni nezomzimba njengokuthomba kanye nokuqala kokuthomba kungase kube ezinye zezimbangela zofuzo ze-schizophrenia.
• Amagciwane kanye Nezifo Zamasosha omzimba - Izici zemvelo zingenza umuntu agule isikhathi eside. Ukuthola izifo ezinzima nokulaliswa esibhedlela isikhathi eside kungenza umuntu abe sengozini enkulu ye-schizophrenia.
• I-schizophrenia ebangelwa izidakamizwa - Ukusetshenziswa kwe-cannabis kuvame ukuholela ekuvuseni isiqephu sokuqala sokuhlaselwa kwe-schizophrenia kubantu abaningi. Ezidakamizweni ezifana nensangu kanye ne-LSD, kuye kwabikwa izehlakalo eziningi zokubuyela emuva. Ama-steroid athile, izikhuthazi kanye neminye imithi kadokotela nayo kuthiwa idala i-schizophrenia kanye nesifo sengqondo. Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa notshwala kudlulele cishe kuhhafu walabo abane-schizophrenia.
• Izingosi zemvelo - Indlela yokuphila ingenye yezinto ezinkulu ezihambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwe-schizophrenia. Indawo yokuhlala, ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ebusheni, kanye nezingcindezi zangaphambi kokubeletha yizinto ezimbalwa esingazibala ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo. Ukuhlukumezeka kwasebuntwaneni, ukuba isisulu sokuxhashazwa, ukungasebenzi komndeni, ukushona komzali, njll. kwandisa ingozi ye-schizophrenia nesifo sengqondo.

Njengoba lezi ziyizimbangela ze-schizophrenia, ziningi izici ezidala lesi sifo noma izimpawu zibe zimbi kakhulu. Ukucindezeleka kuyisici esiyinhloko esiyimbangela. Ukushintsha kwesimo somuntu senhlalo nezomnotho kungase kumenze athambekele ekuhlaselweni yi-schizophrenia. Ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi, ukukhula kwezinye izifo/izimo, ukulahlekelwa obathandayo, nezinye izinguquko nakho kungase kubangele i-schizophrenia.

Akubona bonke abantu abane-schizophrenia abahlangabezana nezimpawu nezimpawu ezifanayo. Abanye bangase babe nezimpawu kancane kancane kanti abanye bangase babe nokuvela kwezimpawu kungazelelwe. Ukuhlaselwa kwe-schizophrenia kwenzeka emijikelezweni yokuxolelwa nokubuyela emuva.

Nakuba izimpawu ezivelele zenzeka kamuva, abantu abaningi babonisa izimpawu zokuqala ze-schizophrenia.

Izindlela zokuziphatha ezimbalwa eziyizimpawu zokuqala ezibonisa i-schizophrenia zihlanganisa:

• Ukubona izithombe ezingekho
• Ukuzwa imisindo engekho
• Ukuma komzimba okungajwayelekile
• Shintsha ebuntwini
• Ukwehluleka ukulala
• Ukungakwazi ukugxilisa ingqondo
• Ukubonakaliswa okwedlulele kwemizwelo (uthando, intukuthelo, ukwesaba, njll.)
• Akukho ukubonakaliswa kwemizwelo, ukuziphatha okuluhlaza
• Shintsha ekubukekeni
• Ukuba matasa kakhulu ngenkolo noma ukusebenzelana nemimoya
• Ukuzizwa njalo kokugadwa
• Indlela yokubhala nokukhuluma engenangqondo
• Ukusebenza kabi kwezemfundo nobuchwepheshe

Zimbalwa noma eziningi zalezi zimpawu zivamile kubantu abavamile kodwa uma ezimbalwa zalezi zimpawu zivela futhi zihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamaviki ama-2, umuntu kufanele afune usizo.

Izimpawu ze-schizophrenia zingahlukaniswa zibe ezimbili

• Izimpawu Ezinhle
• Izimpawu Ezingezinhle

Izimpawu Ezinhle

Lezi yiziphazamiso eziza “njengesengezo” sobuntu bomuntu. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• Iziphambeko - umuntu obhekene nenkohliso angase abe nomuzwa wokuthi ungumuntu odumile noma azibheke njengoNkulunkulu noma inkolo. Bangase futhi bakholwe ukuthi babhekwe ngeso lokhozi noma bayahlolwa.
• ukusangana - Umuntu obona izinto ezingekho uphila kude neqiniso. Bavame ukubona, ukuzwa, ukunambitha, ukuzwa nokuhogela izinto ezingekho ngempela. Ngokuvamile, bezwa amazwi acatshangelwayo ebayala.
• Ukuziphatha Okungahlelekile - Umuntu angase abe nokunyakaza okuvame ukumenza akhathazeke futhi acindezeleke ngaphandle kwesizathu. Angase abonise izenzo zamawala futhi athukuthele ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• Inkulumo Engalungile - Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukushintshashintsha kwezihloko njalo nokuzumayo ngenkathi ukhuluma, kwakha amagama nemisindo, amagama aphindaphindayo nemibono.

Izimpawu Ezingezinhle

Lawa ngamakhono “alahlekile” ebuntwini bomuntu.

• Ukuhoxiswa Komphakathi - Umuntu one-schizophrenia angase athande ukuzibamba ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi. Laba bantu bavame ukukhetha ukuhlala bodwa futhi kude nesixuku.
• Akukho ukubonakaliswa kwemizwelo - Abantu ngabanye bangase bangakwazi ukukhombisa noma ukubuyisela imizwa. Kuhlanganisa nokuntula umdlandla. Izimpendulo ezijwayelekile zemizwa azikho.
• Izimpawu ezingezinhle zivame ukuholela emazingeni aphansi empilo futhi zivame ukuba umthwalo osindayo kunezimpawu ezinhle. Umuntu okhombisa izimpawu ezingezinhle kuvame ukuba nzima ukuthi abuyele esimweni esijwayelekile. Futhi abasabeli kahle emithini.
• Ezinganeni, izimpawu ezivamile ze-schizophrenia zihlanganisa ukuncipha kokukhula kwemoto (ukubambezeleka ekufinyeleleni ingqopha-mlando), ukuncipha kobuhlakani, ukukhetha ukudlala uwedwa kunaseqenjini, ukungasebenzi kahle ezifundweni, emphakathini. ukukhathazeka, Njll

Ezinganeni, lesi simo kunzima kakhulu ukusibona. Ukuziphatha kwentsha okuvamile kucishe kusondele kulokho kokuziphatha kwe-schizophrenic. Ingane ene-schizophrenic mancane amathuba okuthi ibe nenkohliso futhi ingase ibe nokubona izinto ezingekho.

Ezinye izimpawu okufanele uzibheke entsheni zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhoxa kubangani nomndeni
• Ukusebenza okungekho emfundweni
• Ukuthukuthela
• Isimo sokucindezeleka noma esibi
• Inkinga yokulala
• Ukungabi nesisusa

Njengoba ingekho imbangela eqondile ye-schizophrenia, izici zobungozi azikwazi ukulinganiswa ngokunembile.

Ezinye zazo zihlanganisa:

• Umlando womndeni we-schizophrenia
• Ukuguga kukababa
• Ukukhulelwa kanye nezinkinga zokubeletha
• Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ebusheni nasebudaleni obusha
• Ukuphazamiseka kwamasosha omzimba
• Ukuhlukumezeka kwengane

Uchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo uzohlola isiguli ukuze ahlole izimpawu esibhekana nazo. Akukho ukuhlola okuhlosiwe ukuhlonza i-schizophrenia nokho ukuhlolwa okuthile kungayalwa ukuze kugwenywe ezinye izifo nezimo. Udokotela kuzodingeka akhiphe izimo ezingaba khona njenge-bipolar mood disorder, ukuze aqinisekise i-schizophrenia kumuntu. Udokotela kufanele futhi aqinisekise ukuthi izimpawu azibangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, imithi noma esinye isimo sezokwelapha.

Isiguli kufanele sibe nezimpawu okungenani ezimbili ezijwayelekile kulezi ezilandelayo:

• Iziphambeko
• ukusangana
• Ukuziphatha okungahlelekile noma kwe-catonic
• Inkulumo engahlelekile
• Izimpawu ezingezinhle zihlala isikhathi esiningi phakathi namasonto ama-4 adlule
• Udokotela angase enze lezi zivivinyo ezilandelayo

Ukuhlolwa Kwemvelo: Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kukhishwe ezinye izimo zempilo ezicashile ngaphambi kokuqinisekisa ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

Ukuhlola: Inqubo yokuhlola utshwala nezidakamizwa iyenziwa ukuze kukhishwe izimbangela. Izifundo zokufanekisa ezifana I-MRI noma i-CT scan nayo inga-odolwa.

Ukuhlolwa Kwengqondo: Uchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo ubheka ukubukeka komuntu, isimo sakhe sengqondo, imicabango, ukukhohlisa, imibono engekho, ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa, imicabango yokuzibulala njll. okuhlanganisa ingxoxo yomndeni nokuphila komuntu siqu.

Usizo lwezokwelapha olufanele kanye nesiqondiso esivela kochwepheshe kungabangela umphumela ongcono, wesikhathi eside ezigulini. Alikho ikhambi le-schizophrenia. Ukwelashwa okufanele kungasiza umuntu ukuba aphile ukuphila okuphumelelayo nokwanelisayo. Abantu abafuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngesikhathi sokuqala kwesimo baba ngcono ngokushesha futhi bangaphila impilo evamile.

Ukululama ku-schizophrenia kungenzeka ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa imithi kanye nokuvuselela. Nakuba imithi isiza ekulawuleni isimo, ukuhlunyeleliswa kwesimilo kuvame ukudlala indima enkulu ekubuyiseni ukuzethemba namakhono umuntu awadingayo ukuze aphile impilo ekhiqizayo emphakathini.

• Ukuvuselelwa: Isiza abantu ngabanye ukuthi babuyisele amakhono abo njengokuqashwa, ukupheka, ukuhlela imali, ukuzijabulisa, ukuxazulula izinkinga, ukulawula ingcindezi, ukuthenga, ukuhlanza, njll.
• Amaqembu Wokuzisiza: Abantu abanenkinga yengqondo bahlinzeka ngokusekela njalo kubantu abanezinkinga ezibucayi zengqondo.
• Ukwelashwa/ukwelulekwa: Kuhlanganisa izindlela zokwelapha zokukhuluma zomuntu ngamunye nezeqembu ezisiza iziguli namalungu omndeni ekuqondeni isimo ngendlela engcono.

Ngaphandle kwalokhu, isiguli sinikezwa imishanguzo ye-antipsychotic ukulawula izimpawu ze-schizophrenia. Le mithi inciphisa ukungalingani kwezinto eziphilayo okubangela i-schizophrenia. Ukusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele kwale mithi nakho kuzogcina isiguli singabheki futhi. Yonke imithi ye-anti-psychotic kufanele ithathwe njengoba kunqunywe udokotela hhayi ngenye indlela.

Ama-antipsychotic ajwayelekile kanye ne-atypical yizinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu zemithi ye-antipsychotic.

Ama-antipsychotic ajwayelekile abizwa ngokuthi ama-antipsychotic ajwayelekile. Baphatha ngempumelelo izimpawu ezinhle. Ezinye izibonelo zezidakamizwa ezinjalo yiChlorpromazine, Perphenazine, Fluphenazine, Mesoridazine, Thiothixene, njll.

Ama-antipsychotic esizukulwane esisha noma esizukulwaneni esisha aphatha izimpawu ezinhle nezingezinhle. Ziza nemiphumela engemihle embalwa. Ezinye izibonelo i-Aripiprazole, i-Asenapine, i-Clozapine, i-Olanzapine, i-Risperidone, i-Ziprasidone, ukusoka njll

Izidakamizwa ze-antipsychotic ziza nemiphumela engemihle njengomlomo owomile, ukozela, ukuqunjelwa, ukuyeka-ukubhema, isiyezi, ukungaboni kahle, njll. Le miphumela emibi ivamise ukunyamalala emasontweni ambalwa. Imiphumela emibi enzima futhi engavamile ihlanganisa i-tic yobuso, nokulahlekelwa ukulawulwa kwemisipha.

Alukho ucwaningo oluphakamisa izenzo ezingavimbela noma zibambezele ukuqala kwalesi simo. Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwemithi kusenesikhathi kanye nokungenelela kube yinzuzo esigulini. Kubantu abasengozini enkulu, ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo kunganciphisa ingozi ye-psychosis kamuva ekuphileni. Ukugwema izidakamizwa nokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa kungaba enye yezindlela zokuvimbela i-schizophrenia. Ukuzivocavoca njalo kufakazele ukuthi kunomphumela omuhle empilweni engokomzimba nengqondo yalabo abane-schizophrenia.

Iqala kanjani i-schizophrenia?

Ama-hallucinations kanye nenkohliso yizimpawu eziyinhloko ze-schizophrenia ezimweni eziningi. Kungenzeka babonakale phakathi kweminyaka eyi-16 kuya kwengama-30.

Ingabe i-Schizophrenia ingelapheka?

I-Schizophrenia yisifo sengqondo esingamahlalakhona. Nakuba ingelapheki ngokuphelele, ingaphathwa ngosizo lokwelashwa nemithi.

Ingabe i-schizophrenia iwukuphazamiseka kobuntu obuhlukene?

Cha. I-schizophrenia ihluke ngokuphelele ekuhlukaneni kobuntu.

Ingabe abantu abane-schizophrenia bayingozi?

Ezimweni eziningi, iziguli azinalo udlame futhi ngenxa yalokho aziyona ingozi.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezine ze-schizophrenia?

Esikhathini esidlule, i-schizophrenia yayinezinhlobo ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi i-paranoid, i-disorganized, catatonic, i-childhood kanye ne-schizoaffective.

I-Apollo Hospitals inodokotela Wengqondo ongcono kakhulu eNdiya. Ukuze uthole odokotela beNgqondo abahamba phambili edolobheni lakho eliseduze, vakashela izixhumanisi ezingezansi:

• Udokotela wengqondo e-Bangalore
• Udokotela wengqondo e-Chennai
• Udokotela wengqondo eHyderabad
• Udokotela wengqondo eDelhi
• Udokotela wengqondo eMumbai
• Udokotela wezifo zengqondo e-Kolkata