ONYANKWU ISI NA N'olu

Nchịkọta nke ọrịa kansa na olu

Ọrịa isi na olu bụ otu ọrịa kansa na-etolite na anụ ahụ na akụkụ nke mpaghara isi na olu, gụnyere ọnụ, akpịrị, imi, sinuses, na gland salivary. Ọtụtụ n'ime ọrịa cancer ndị a bụ squamous cell carcinomas, nke na-esi na mucosal lining nke ebe ndị a. Nchọpụta mmalite na nlekọta multidisciplinary dị mkpa maka ọgwụgwọ dị irè na nsonaazụ ka mma.

Ụdị ọrịa kansa na olu

A na-ekewa ọrịa cancer isi na olu dabere na ọnọdụ ha:

1. Ọrịa cancer nke oghere ọnụ:

• Gụnyere ọrịa cancer egbugbere ọnụ, ire, ala ọnụ, chịngọm, ǹtì ime, na elu ọnụ.

2. Ọrịa pharyngeal:

• Na-emetụta pharynx (akpịrị), kewara n'ime:

• Nasopharynx: akụkụ elu n'azụ imi.

• Oropharynx: Akụkụ etiti, gụnyere tonsils na isi nke ire.

• Hypopharynx: Akụkụ dị ala n'akụkụ esophagus.

3. Ọrịa kansa Laryngeal:

• Na-etolite na larynx (igbe olu), nke nwere eriri olu.

4. Ọrịa Gland Salivary:

• Ụdị na-adịghị ahụkebe na-emetụta glands ndị na-emepụta asu, dị ka parotid, submandibular, na sublingual glands.

5. Ọgba imi na Paranasal Sinus Cancer:

• Ọrịa cancer na oghere dị n'ime imi na sinuses gbara ya gburugburu.

6. Ọrịa thyroid:

• Ọ bụ ezie na a na-atụlekarị ya iche, ọrịa cancer thyroid na-etinye oge ụfọdụ n'ọrịa isi na olu n'ihi ọnọdụ ya.

Ihe kpatara nsogbu

Ihe ndị nwere ike ibute ọrịa kansa na olu gụnyere:

1. ụtaba na ịṅụ mmanya:

• Ịṅụ sịga na ịta ụtaba bụ ihe ndị kasị dị ize ndụ.

• Ịṅụ mmanya na-aba n'anya na-abawanye ohere, karịsịa mgbe ejikọtara ya na ịṅụ sịga.

2. Human papillomavirus (HPV):

• Ọrịa HPV, karịsịa HPV-16, bụ ihe na-ebute ọrịa cancer nke oropharyngeal.

3. Ịdị ọcha ọnụ adịghị mma:

• Iwe iwe na-efe efe na-adịte aka na oghere ọnụ na-abawanye ohere.

4. Mkpughe na Carcinogens:

• Mkpughe nke asbestos, uzuzu osisi, na ụfọdụ kemịkalụ.

5. Nje Virus Epstein-Barr (EBV):

• Ejikọtara ya na ọrịa kansa nasopharyngeal.

6. Nri na Nri:

• Nri dị ala na mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri nwere ike ịbawanye ihe egwu.

7. Mkpughe radieshon:

• Tupu radieshon na mpaghara isi na olu na-abawanye ohere nke ịmalite ọrịa kansa.

8. Afọ na okike:

• Nke a na-ahụkarị na ndị nwoke na ndị mmadụ karịrị afọ 50.

mgbaàmà

Mgbaàmà na-adabere na ebe ọrịa kansa nọ mana ọ nwere ike ịgụnye:

• Mgbaàmà zuru oke:

• Ọkpụkpọ ma ọ bụ ọzịza na-adịgide adịgide n'olu ma ọ bụ ihu.

• Ihe isi ike ilo ma ọ bụ akpịrị akpịrị na-adịgide adịgide.

• Mgbanwe olu ma ọ bụ mkpọtụ.

• Mbelata ibu na-akọwaghị.

• Ike ọgwụgwụ.

• Mgbaàmà akọwapụtara ebe:

• oghere ọnụ: Ọnya na-adịghị agwọ ọrịa, ọbara ọgbụgba, ma ọ bụ akwa ọcha/acha ọbara ọbara n'ọnụ.

• Pharynx: Mgbu mgbe ilo, nti mgbu, ma ọ bụ mmetụta nke ihe rapaara na akpịrị.

• Larynx: Igwe ọkụ, ihe isi ike iku ume, ma ọ bụ ụkwara na-adịgide adịgide.

• Ọgba imi/Sinuses: Mgbachi imi, ọbara imi, ma ọ bụ mgbu ihu.

• Ọkpụkpụ Salivary: Ọzịza n'agba, ịma jijiji ihu, ma ọ bụ ike imeghe ọnụ.

nchoputa

Nchọpụta nchọpụta gụnyere ngwakọta nke nyocha anụ ahụ, onyonyo, na biopsy:

1. Nyocha ụlọ ọgwụ:

• Nyocha na palpation nke isi na n'olu mpaghara maka ọkpụkpụ ma ọ bụ ihe na-adịghị mma.

2. Ọmụmụ ihe onyonyo:

• Nyocha CT na MRI: Nye nkọwa zuru ezu banyere etuto ahụ na oke ha.

• Nyocha PET: Chọpụta metastases ma chọpụta nzaghachi ọgwụgwọ.

• Ultrasound: A na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ụbụrụ thyroid na salivary gland.

3. Endoscopy:

• Ịhụ anya akpịrị, oghere imi, ma ọ bụ larynx nwere oke mgbanwe.

4. Biopsy:

• A na-enyocha ihe nlele anụ ahụ iji kwado ụdị ọrịa kansa.

5. Nnwale molekụla:

• Na-achọpụta itinye aka na HPV ma ọ bụ EBV, na-eduzi atụmatụ ọgwụgwọ.

Nhazi

A na-ahazi ọrịa cancer isi na olu site na iji usoro TNM:

• T: Ogo na oke nke etuto isi.

• N: Gbasaa n'ọnụ ọnụ lymph dị nso.

• M: Ọnụnọ nke metastasis dị anya.

Usoro dị site na ọkwa nke mbụ (nke mpaghara) ruo na ọkwa IV (nke dị elu ma ọ bụ metastatic).

Ngwọta Ngwọta

Ọgwụgwọ dabere n'ụdị, ogbo, na ebe ọrịa kansa dị, yana ahụike zuru oke nke onye ọrịa:

1. Ịwa ahụ:

• Ọkpụkpụ Tumor:

• Na-ewepụ etuto ahụ na oke anụ ahụ dị mma.

• Mgbasa Node Lymph:

• Na-ewepụ ọnụ ọnụ lymph emetụtara n'olu.

• ịwa ahụ na-ewughachi:

• Weghachite ọrụ na ọdịdị site na iji graft ma ọ bụ prosthetics.

2. Usoro ọgwụgwọ radieshon:

• Eji naanị ya ma ọ bụ yana yana ịwa ahụ ma ọ bụ chemotherapy.

• Usoro dị elu gụnyere:

• Ọgwụgwọ Radiation Modulated siri ike (IMRT) maka ebumnuche ziri ezi.

• Proton Therapy iji belata mmebi nke anụ ahụ dị mma.

3. Chemotherapy:

• A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe maka ọrịa kansa dị elu.

• Ejikọtara ya na radieshon (chemoradiation) maka nsonaazụ ka mma.

4. Usoro ọgwụgwọ ezubere iche:

• Ọgwụ dị ka cetuximab lekwasịrị anya na protein EGFR dị na ụfọdụ ọrịa kansa na olu.

5. Immunotherapy:

• Ndị na-egbochi ihe nleba anya dị ka nivolumab ma ọ bụ pembrolizumab dị irè maka ọrịa kansa na-aga n'ihu ma ọ bụ metastatic.

6. Nlekọta ihe mgbu:

• Na-elekwasị anya na ijikwa mgbaàmà dị ka mgbu, ihe isi ike ilo, ma ọ bụ iku ume n'ọnọdụ ndị dị elu.

prognosis

Amụma maka ọrịa kansa isi na olu dabere na:

• Ụdị na Ebe: Nasopharyngeal na ọrịa cancer salivary gland na-enwekarị prognoses dị iche iche.

• Ogbo: Ọrịa cancer nke mmalite (Ogbo I-II) nwere nsonaazụ ka mma.