What’s the Difference between a Heart Attack, a Cardiac Arrest, and a Myocardial Infarction?

What’s the Difference between a Heart Attack, a Cardiac Arrest, and a Myocardial Infarction?

Inputs by Dr. Sanjeekumar Kalkekar, Consultant, Cardiology, Apollo Hospitals, Navi Mumbai.

People
often use these terms interchangeably, but there are
vital differences. A heart attack is caused when the blood flow
to the heart is blocked, and a cardiac arrest occurs when the heart
malfunctions and stops beating abruptly.

Myocardial Infarction

While
Myocardial Infarctionis just another term for heart attacks, cardiac arrestsare
very different from them. A heart attack or Myocardial Infarction occurs when a
coronary artery, one of the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle,
gets blocked suddenly. The sudden blockage starves a portion of the heart
muscle of its vital blood supply, and the muscle dies. So simply put a heart
attack is the death of a part of the heart muscle.

Common heart attack symptoms include:

• Uncomfortable pressure, squeezing, or pain in
  the chest
• Pain or other uncomfortable sensations in the
  arm, back, neck, jaw or stomach
• Lightheadedness or dizziness
• Sudden nausea or vomiting
• Shortness of breath

Cardiac Attack

Cardiac
arrest is caused when the heart’s electrical system malfunctions, causing it to
beat rapidly and uncontrollably — or to stop beating in general. Without blood
circulating to the brain, lungs, and other organs, the person gasps or stops
breathing and becomes unresponsive within seconds.

Sudden
cardiac arrest signs and symptoms are immediate and severe. These include:

• Sudden collapse
• No pulse
• No breathing
• Loss of consciousness

Difference
between a Heart Attack and a Cardiac Attack

Cardiac arrest is different from a heart attack as the blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked. However, a heart attack can sometimes trigger an electrical disturbance that leads to sudden cardiac arrest. Other possible causes of cardiac arrest include heart failure, a clot in the lungs, and serious discrepancy of minerals in the blood, a drug overdose, or a blow to the chest.