I-Molecular Pathology

I-Molecular Pathology iwumkhakha we-pathology esebenzisa izimiso, amasu namathuluzi ebhayoloji yamangqamuzana okuyithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni umuthi onembile.

I-Myeloid neoplasms

• I-Acute Myeloid Leukemia.
• I-Myeloproliferative neoplasms.
• I-Myelodysplastic syndromes.
• I-Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms.
• I-Myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms ene-eosinophilia kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha kwezakhi zofuzo.
• I-Mastocytosis.

I-lymphoid neoplasms

• I-B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma
• I-lymphocytic leukemia engapheli
• I-Plasma cell neoplasms
• I-B-cell lymphoma yezinga eliphezulu

Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukene obufana ne-PCR yesikhathi sangempela, i-Fluorescence in situ hybridization (INHLANZI), ukuhlaziywa kwe-Fragment kanye ne-Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) kusiza ukuveza ngokunembile ukungavamile kofuzo okubangela isifo.

• I-PCR ivumela ukukhuliswa kwezingcezu ze-DNA ukuze kube lula ukutholwa. I-PCR ingase isetshenziselwe ukubheka izinguquko ezithile kufuzo noma ku-chromosome, ezingasiza ekutholeni nasekuxilongeni isimo sofuzo noma isifo, esifana nomdlavuza.
• I-PCR yesikhathi sangempela iqala ngesifanekiso se-DNA/RNA (ekhishwe kusampula yesiguli) kanye nezinhloso zenzuzo (isb. Ukuguqulwa kwe-JAK2 kuma-myeloproliferative neoplasms noma imibhalo yokuhlanganisa ye-BCR-ABL ku-CML) kukhuliswa izikhathi eziyizigidi eziningi, ezingatholwa ngesikhathi sangempela futhi kubikwe ngokwekhwalithi (itholiwe/ayitholwanga) noma ngokomthamo (isb. amakhophi/ml).
• FISH – indlela ye-molecular cytogenetics/indlela yaselabhorethri yokuthola kanye nokuthola ukulandelana kwe-DNA ethile ku-chromosome, Lapho amasampuli acutshungulwa khona ukuze kube lula ukuboshwa kwe-DNA eqondiwe nge-DNA yophenyo ebhalwe nge-fluorochrome, evumela ukubonwa okulandelayo ngesibonakhulu se-fluorescence.
• Ukuhlaziywa kweziqephu: Ngemva kokukhulisa okuhlosiwe (i-PCR evamile), ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokubonwa kwezingcezu ezilebulwe ngokukhanyayo (i-DNA) ngokusekelwe kusayizi (isb. Ukungaqini kwe-Microsatellite).
• I-NGS (Ukulandelana kwesizukulwane esilandelayo) - Inika amandla ukutholwa ngesikhathi esisodwa kwezinguquko zofuzo ezihlotshaniswa nokuxilonga kanye ne-prognostically kuzakhi zofuzo eziningi lapho ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe kutholakala khona. Ukuhlolwa kuqala ngokulungiselela umtapo wezincwadi futhi ithempulethi ewumphumela ikhuliswa ngokuhlanganyela futhi inothiswe okubuye kulandelelwe ngokulandelana. Ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kuchazwa kusetshenziswa isofthiwe etholakalayo ethengiswayo exhumanisa nokwelashwa okufanelekile okutholakalayo, izinhlolo zokwelashwa kanye nobungozi.

• Izimila eziqinile:

  I-10ng yokufaka i-nucleic acid ithola okuqondiwe okungenziwa kuzo zonke izakhi zofuzo ezingama-52. Uma kukhonjwa okuqondiwe okungenziwa, kunikezwa ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe, okuqondiswe kuzakhi zofuzo ezithile namaprotheni abandakanyeka ekukhuleni nasekusindeni kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza ngaphandle kokuthikameze amaseli avamile. Isebenza ngokuvimbela izimpawu zokukhula ezibalulekile ekwandeni kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza, isheshisa ukubhujiswa kwawo futhi yehlise nokukhiqizwa kwemithambo yegazi emisha edingekayo ukuze iphile. Lokhu kwelashwa kuzokwandisa isikhathi sokuphila kwesiguli futhi kuthuthukise umphumela ophelele wesiguli. Isiza ekuxilongeni ama-sarcomas ezicubu ezithambile kanye namathumba amaseli ayindilinga amancane ngokuthola isici esingavamile se-cytogenetic.

• I-Myeloid neoplasms:

  Kusukela Ngesikhathi esisodwa kuthola konke okungalungile kofuzo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zofuzo ezingama-79 ngokuhlolwa okukodwa kunokulandelana. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuwusizo kakhulu ekuxilongeni ama-neoplasms e-myeloid kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwawo njengokuncoma kwesiqondiso. Ihlinzeka ngolwazi lokubikezela ukuthi isiguli sizodinga yini ukwelashwa okujwayelekile noma umthamo omkhulu wokwelapha ngamakhemikhali noma ukufakelwa umnkantsha wethambo ukuze kwelashwe unomphela. Kuyasiza futhi ekukhetheni iziguli zokwelashwa okuhlosiwe.

• I-Lymphoid neoplasms:

  Isiza ekuhlukaniseni ubungozi futhi iqondise ukwelashwa.