Umdlavuza Wekhanda Nentamo

Umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo wakha phakathi noma endaweni ezungezile yekhanda nentamo, okuhlanganisa ikhala, umphimbo, i-larynx, umlomo, nama-sinuses. Kuyisimo esibucayi esingaba nomthelela nasezithweni ezibucayi eziseduze. Umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo umdlavuza oyinhloko ohlasela abantu ezindaweni zonke. Kodwa ngokuthuthuka kocwaningo nobuchwepheshe, izinga lokusinda liye lathuthuka ngokuqhubekayo eminyakeni embalwa edlule.

Uhlolojikelele Lomdlavuza Wekhanda Nentamo

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wekhanda nentamo kuncike ezintweni ezifana nohlobo lwesimila, usayizi, kanye nendawo yaso. Izimpawu nazo ziyahlukahluka kumuntu ngamunye futhi zincike ezintweni zangaphandle njengendawo yesimila.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isigaba sokululama ekwelashweni sibaluleke kakhulu njengokwelashwa ngokwako. Kungase kuhlanganise ukusebenzelana nochwepheshe bokubuyisela esimweni esivamile nabanye ochwepheshe abazosiza ekuqondiseni uhambo. Ukubikezelwa komdlavuza wekhanda nentamo kanye nokululama kuyinqubo enezici eziningi. Ngakho-ke, umuntu kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi banendlela yokweseka efanele yokubaqondisa kulolu hlelo.

Kungani i-APCC Oncologist Yomdlavuza Wekhanda Nentamo?

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wekhanda nentamo kudinga ukunakekelwa okuzinikele kochwepheshe. Kwa-APCC, ibhodi lezimila elihlanganisa imikhakha eminingi liqeqeshwe futhi linolwazi emikhakheni eyahlukene yomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa kwanamuhla kudinga ubuchwepheshe bamuva obusezingeni eliphezulu, futhi i-APCC inazo zonke izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu zokwenza lokho kube lula.

Umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo ungaba yinkimbinkimbi, futhi ku-APCC, ukunakekelwa komuntu siqu nokuphelele ngokusebenzisa indlela ehlukahlukene kusiza Ukuthola ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kugxilwe ekwelashweni nasekunikezeni ikhwalithi yokuphila engcono kakhulu.

Izinhlobo Zomdlavuza Wekhanda Nentamo

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo yilezi ezilandelayo:

• Umdlavuza womlomo uqala ukuvela eduze nendawo yomlomo wesiguli, okuhlanganisa izindebe, ulimi, izinsini, ulwelwesi lwe-cheep, noma ngemuva kwamazinyo okuhlakanipha.
• Umdlavuza weLaryngeal umdlavuza oqala ebhokisini lezwi noma emphinjeni.
• Umdlavuza we-Oropharyngeal uqala engxenyeni ephakathi yomphimbo, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-oropharynx. Umdlavuza womphimbo wuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza we-oropharyngeal.
• Umdlavuza we-nasopharyngeal uqala engxenyeni engenhla yentambo noma i-nasopharynx.
• Umdlavuza wendlala yamathe uqala ezindlaleni zamathe ezikhiqiza amathe.
• Umdlavuza we-Hypopharyngeal uqala ukukhula ngaphansi komphimbo noma ku-hypopharynx.
• Ikhala kanye nomdlavuza we-sinus kwenzeka lapho umdlavuza uqala ukukhula ezindaweni ezingenalutho emakhaleni noma ezikhaleni zamathambo ekhaleni.

Izigaba Zomdlavuza Wekhanda Nentamo

Kunezigaba ezine zomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo, kuye ngokuthi ukuphi kanye nosayizi.

• Isigaba 0 sisho isigaba sokuqala somdlavuza wekhanda nentamo futhi sihlanganisa umdlavuza okhula engxenyeni lapho uqale khona. Awekho amangqamuzana anomdlavuza ezingqimbeni ezijulile, futhi usasakazekele kuma-lymph nodes.
• Isigaba I yilapho isimila sisincane kuno-2 cm futhi sisazothinta amaseli anempilo aseduze nezicubu.
• Isigaba II yilapho intamo nesimila sekhanda kunosayizi ophakathi kuka-2-4 cm futhi sisazothinta izicubu ezinempilo eziseduze, ama-node, noma izitho.
• Isigaba III sihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili. Esigabeni sokuqala, isimila sibaluleke kakhulu kuno-4 cm kodwa asizange sithinte izifunda eziseduze noma izicubu. Uma umdlavuza ungazange ukhule ube ezakhiweni eziseduze kodwa uthinta i-lymph node eyodwa ekhona ohlangothini olufanayo, ungena ngaphansi kwesigaba II.

Izimpawu Zomdlavuza Wekhanda Nentamo

Izimpawu zomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu, kuye ngendawo yesimila nobukhulu. Ezinye zezimpawu ezijwayelekile yilezi:

• Inqwaba noma iqhubu entanyeni
• Izilonda ezibuhlungu emlonyeni noma emphinjeni azipholi
• Umphimbo obuhlungu ongapheli
• Shintsha ekuhosheni kwezwi noma ubunzima ngenkathi ugwinya ukudla
• Isiqephu esimhlophe noma esibomvu olimini, ezinsinini, noma ulwelwesi lomlomo
• Inkinga yokuzwa noma ubuhlungu endlebeni
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula noma ukukhuluma
• Izinkinga nge-sinus ezihlala zivinjelwe

Izimbangela Zomdlavuza Wekhanda Nentamo

Umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo uvame kakhulu phakathi kwamadoda aneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50. Nakuba zingekho izimbangela eziqondile zomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo, kunezici ezithile eziyingozi umuntu angazigwema.

• Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kukagwayi kuyimbangela evamile yomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo. I indawo evamile yomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo umlomo; isizathu esiyinhloko ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi ngokweqile.
• Ukuphuza ngokweqile kungandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo.
• Ukutheleleka nge-HPV, noma i-human papillomavirus, ehambisana nomdlavuza wentamo nekhanda, iyakhula.
• Amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka enza kube nzima ngomzimba ukulwa nomdlavuza.
• Abantu abane-HIV noma abahlinzwe kakhulu banamathuba aphezulu okuba nesifo.
• Ukuchayeka kakhulu ezintweni zamakhemikhali noma emisebeni nakho kungadala umdlavuza.
• Ufuzo noma umlando womndeni womdlavuza wekhanda nentamo nawo andisa amathuba kakhulu.
• Ukungahlanzeki kwamazinyo kanye nokusetshenziswa kukasawoti ngokweqile ngezinye zezinto eziyingozi.

Ukwelashwa Komdlavuza Wekhanda Nentamo

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wekhanda nentamo kuncike ezintweni ezifana neminyaka yesiguli nesimo, uhlobo kanye nesigaba somdlavuza, nokunye. Ngokuvamile, ithimba lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizohlinzeka ngemininingwane yokwelashwa ngemva kokuxilongwa.

• Ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza wekhanda nentamo kuyindlela evelele engasiza ekususeni isimila. Odokotela abahlinzayo bangakwazi futhi ukususa ama-node aseduze ahlaselwe umdlavuza. Ukuhlinzwa ekhanda nasentanyeni idinga isikhathi sokulungiselela futhi ingenye yezindlela zokwelapha ezivame kakhulu zokususa umdlavuza. Intuthuko ku ukuhlinzwa kwerobhothi benze ukwelashwa kwaba ngcono futhi kuphumelele kakhudlwana.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yekhanda nentamo ingenye indlela evamile yemisebe indlela ukuthi i-oncology yokuhlinzwa kwekhanda nentamo amaqembu asebenzisa ukwelapha umdlavuza.
• I-Chemotherapy ihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ukubulala amangqamuzana anomdlavuza.
• Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe kusiza ukukhomba izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza futhi kunezinga elingcono lokusebenza.
• I-Immunotherapy isebenzisa amasosha omzimba esiguli ukulwa nomdlavuza.

I-Proton Therapy kanye Nezinzuzo zayo Zokwelashwa Komdlavuza Wekhanda Nentamo

I-Proton therapy isebenzisa imishayo ye-proton enamandla amakhulu ukuletha imisebe kumaseli anomdlavuza. Kuwuhlobo lokwelapha ngemisebe olusebenzisa imishayo ye-proton ukucekela phansi amangqamuzana anomdlavuza futhi awavimbe ekukhuleni nasekuhlukaniseni ngokuqhubekayo. Ngokuya ngesigaba somdlavuza, ingasetshenziswa njengendlela yokwelapha ezimele noma ihlanganiswe nezinye izindlela zendabuko ezifana nokwelapha ngamakhemikhali.

Izinzuzo zokwelashwa kwe-proton yomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo yilezi:

• Ingozi ephansi yomthelela kwezinye izakhiwo ezibalulekile: Ukwelashwa kwe-Proton kungasebenza kahle kakhulu kumathumba ekhanda nentamo eyinkimbinkimbi. Yehlisa imisebe ezakhiweni ezibalulekile eziseduze, okuhlanganisa amehlo, ubuchopho, umlomo, njll.
• Imisebenzi ebalulekile yomzimba ihlala ingathintekile: Ukwelashwa kuqinisekisa ukuthi imisebenzi ebalulekile yomzimba, ehlanganisa iphunga, ukubona, ukunambitha, nokunye, ihlala ingakaze ithintwe phakathi nokwelashwa.
• Ukunemba: Enye inzuzo ebalulekile yalokhu kwelashwa ukunemba kwe-proton beam esiza ukususa izimila eziyinkimbinkimbi ngenkathi kulawulwa umthamo wemisebe.
• Indlela eqondene nawe nenezigwegwe eziningi: Ithimba le-proton lisebenza kahle nezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Futhi ithimba lokunakekelwa komdlavuza e-APCC lisebenza kuzo zonke izimo ngazinye ngenkathi lidala uhlelo lomuntu siqu olufaneleka kangcono kulelo cala.

Ithimba elinakekela umdlavuza e-APCC licubungula izici ezihlukahlukene ngenkathi lisebenza ngendlela efanelekela isiguli.

Iziguli Zomdlavuza Wekhanda Nentamo Zingazilungiselela Kanjani Ukwelashwa Kwe-Proton?

Ukwelashwa kwe-proton kudinga ukuhlela ukuze umthamo wemisebe nomthelela ulungile. Ngezansi kukhona ezinye izinto isiguli esingakwazi ukuzenza ukulungiselela ukwelashwa kwe-proton.

• Ukulungiswa kokwelashwa kuqala ngokufaniswa kweseshini efanayo yokwelapha ukuze isiguli sikhululeke ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.
• Isiguli singase futhi sihlolwe i-MRI noma i-CT ukuze kwakhiwe kabusha isimila esibonakalayo.
• Kubalulekile ukuqonda yonke inqubo yokwelashwa ngaphambi kokuqala kokwelashwa. Ithimba le-oncology nethimba lokunakekelwa lizokwazi ukunikeza imininingwane edingekayo mayelana nezikhathi ezidingekayo kanye nokulindelwe phakathi neseshini ngayinye.
• Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wekhanda nentamo kungaba nemiphumela ethile engemihle, kuhlanganise nokucanuzela kwenhliziyo. Kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngemiphumela emibi engase ibe khona kanye nokwelashwa ngaphambi kokwelashwa.
• Ngaphambi kokwelashwa, ithimba lokunakekela lihlinzeka ngohlelo olungase luhlanganise imithi, ukuhlolwa, kanye nama-aphoyintimenti; isiguli kufanele silandele uhlelo.
• Gxila emzimbeni ngenkathi udla ukudla okunempilo futhi uzivocavoca njalo ukuze wenze umzimba wakho uqine ukuze uthole ukwelashwa.
• Xoxa futhi ucele usizo lapho kudingeka khona. Uma kunesidingo sezokuthutha, ukunakekelwa kwezingane, noma eminye imisebenzi, kuhle ngaso sonke isikhathi ukubabuza ngaphambi kokwelashwa. I-APCC inezinsiza ezinhle kakhulu ezingasiza iziguli nemindeni ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Yiziphi Iziguli Zomdlavuza Wekhanda Nentamo Ezizuza Kakhulu Ku-Proton Therapy?

Ukwelashwa kwe-proton kuzuzisa kakhulu umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo njengoba kunezinhlaka ezinkulu ezifana nomgodi womlomo, izindlala zamathe, i-pharyngeal mucosa, izicubu zobuchopho, i-larynx, kanye nentambo yomgogodla eduze kwesimila.

Kungaba inketho yokwelapha enhle kakhulu ezigulini ezinomdlavuza ongakasabalali ezindaweni ezikude. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungaba inketho enhle kakhulu ezimweni lapho ukuhlinzwa kungenakwenzeka. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi isinqumo sokwelashwa sincike esimweni ngasinye futhi singanqunywa kuphela ochwepheshe bomdlavuza. Bacabangela izici ezifana nesiteji somdlavuza, indawo, impilo yesiguli, nezinye ngaphambi kokuphothula uhlelo lokwelapha.

Ukuze uqonde kabanzi mayelana nokwelashwa kwe-proton kweziguli ezinomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo, kuyancomeka ukuxhumana nethimba lokunakekelwa komdlavuza futhi uqonde ubungozi nezinzuzo.

Ubude beProton Therapy kuCancer Wekhanda Nentamo?

Ubude besikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-proton yomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo bungancika ezintweni eziningi njengesigaba somdlavuza, indawo, impilo yesiguli, kanye nenhloso yokwelashwa. Ngokwesilinganiso, kuya ngesimo sesiguli, ukwelashwa kwe-proton kunikezwa ngezikhathi zansuku zonke izinsuku ezi-3 kuye kweziyi-5 ngesonto. Amaseshini anikezwa amasonto angama-4-7. Iseshini ngayinye ingahlala phakathi kwemizuzu eyi-15-30. Ubude besikhathi bungaba bufushane kuye ngokuthi umdlavuza ungakanani.

Ithimba elinakekela umdlavuza lingasebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezifana nechemotherapy noma ukuhlinzwa kanye nokwelashwa kwe-proton. Kutuswa ukuxhumana nethimba lokunakekela umdlavuza ukuze uthole uhlelo oluqondile lokwelapha kanye nobude besikhathi okulindelekile.

Uxilongwa Kanjani Umdlavuza Wekhanda Nentamo?

Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kuyisihluthulelo sokwelashwa okubuyiselwe esimweni saso. Ithimba le -cancer yekhanda nentamo lenza ukuhlolwa okuningi kanye nokuhlolwa kwesiguli ukuze liqonde umdlavuza futhi linikeze isibikezelo. Ukuthola umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo kungafaka ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, i-endoscopy, ukuhlolwa kwezithombe, ama-X-ray, ama-PET CT scan, kanye nama-MRI. Udokotela we-cancer angancoma futhi ukuhlolwa kwe-biopsy noma kwegazi ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa okufanele.

Ukuvimbela Umdlavuza Wekhanda Nentamo

Kunezinyathelo ezimbalwa eziphakanyiswa amaqembu odokotela abahlinza umdlavuza ekhanda nasentanyeni ukuvikela abantu emdlavuzeni wekhanda nasentanyeni.

• Yeka ukubhema ugwayi futhi wehlise ukusetshenziswa kotshwala ngokweqile
• Ukuthola umgomo we-HPV kungakuvikela ku-HPV futhi ngaleyo ndlela kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yomdlavuza
• Gcina impilo enempilo ngokuhlanzeka kwamazinyo okufanele
• Okokugcina, umuntu kufanele ahlale ebonana nodokotela ngokushesha nje lapho ehlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izinguquko emzimbeni