Ama-microorganisms athonya izici eziningi zempilo yethu kuhlanganise nokwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza othile. Ama-microorganisms angadlala indima kukho kokubili ukuqaliswa komdlavuza kanye nokuqhubekela phambili ngokukhiqiza ubuthi obulimaza i-DNA kanye nama-metabolites e-carcinogenic. Le mikhiqizo yenza izimila zimelane kakhulu nezidakamizwa ze-chemotherapeutic futhi zicindezele amasosha omzimba kumdlavuza.

Amasampula omtholampilo afana nobomvu, izicubu, i-CSF, uketshezi lomzimba, isikhwehlela, i-broncho-alveolar lavage, umchamo, indle njll acutshungulwa ngamasu avamile amasiko futhi ahlaziywe nge-microscopic. Amagciwane kanye nemvubelo okuhlukanisiwe kumasampula omtholampilo kusetshenziswa amasu amasiko ayaphinde akhonjwe futhi ahlolwe ukuthi akulungele yini ukuthola ama-antibiotics kanye nama-antifungal ngokulandelanayo. Lezi zindlela zokuxilonga ziqondisa udokotela ekuxilongeni okufanele kokutheleleka kwebhaktheriya, ukhunta kanye ne-mycobacteria, kube lula ukuqaliswa ngokushesha kwama-antibiotic, i-antifungal noma i-anti tubercular therapy.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-serological kunikezwa ukutheleleka nge-HIV, i-Hepatitis B kanye ne-Hepatitis C ngokuhlaziya amasampula e-serum ku-automated Immuno analyzer. Ukutholwa kwe-antibody ngokumelene ne-Cytomegalovirus, i-Herpes simplex virus kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa indlela ye-ELISA. Isivivinyo sokuxilonga esikhethekile se-serological esinikezwa eyunithi yethu i-Aspergillus galactomannan antigen ELISA assay.