Pathology

Pathology ndechimwe chezvikamu zviri pasi pemasevhisi emurabhoritari inova ndiyo inokonzeresa kuongororwa, uye inofanotaura ingangoita kosi yekiriniki nekudaro vachigadzira hwaro hwekona hwekutarisira.
 Mienzaniso inotambirwa nerabhoritari yezvirwere inogadziriswa matishu inoteverwa nekugadzirira nehunyanzvi hunotibatsira kuongorora matishu pasi pemaikorosikopu. Iyo yakanyatsogadziriswa uye yakagadziriswa tishu inobvumira kuchengetedza kwakaringana kwetishu uye kushandiswa kwetishu kuti uwedzere kuferefeta kusanganisira Immuno histochemistry uye mamorekuru zvidzidzo.  Mhando huru dzezvienzaniso zvinogamuchirwa nerabhoritari yezvirwere zvinosanganisira Zvikuru zvemitezo yese kana zvikamu zvayo, zvinobviswa panguva yekuvhiya. Zvidimbu zvematishu pane kuti nhengo dzese dzibviswe semabiopsies senge excision biopsies -tishu inobviswa nescalpel (eg kuchekwa kweganda kune inofungirwa mole), core biopsy- tsono inopinzwa mune inonyumwa kuti ibvise pakati pematishu. inogona kuongororwa pasi pemaikorosikopu (semuenzaniso kuongorora bundu rezamu) uye kunyange kuongororwa kwemwongo webhonzo nechinangwa chekuongorora.  Kuti uongororwe nekukasira uye mamiriro emuganho panguva yekuvhiya (intra- operative assessment) chikamu chechando chinoitwa. Izvi zvinobvumira chiremba wokuvhiya kuti asarudze ukuru hwekuvhiya munzvimbo yemitambo pachayo.

Immuno histochemistry inzira yemurabhoritari inoshandiswa kuona maantigen chaiwo (mapuroteni) mumatishu emasero anoenderana nekuzivikanwa kweantigen-antibody. Pathologists vanoshandisa IHC kuongorora kana bundu riri bhenen kana kuti rakashata, kuona nhanho yaro uye giredhi, uye kuona rudzi rwesero uye kwakabva metastasis kuitira kuwana nzvimbo yebundu rekutanga. Isu tinoita Immuno histochemistry tichishandisa yakazara otomatiki chikuva chekuongorora, akasiyana-siyana ekufungidzira uye ekufungidzira mamakisi mugomarara pathology. Tine mapaneru akagadzirirwa carcinomas, sarcoma uye lymphomas. Our hormone receptor panel inowanikwa seLymphoma Panel markers CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5,CD7,CD8, CD10 ,CD15, CD20,CD21,CD23,CD30, CD43, CD56, CD68, CD79a, CD138, LCA, LMP, BCL2, BCL6, MUM-1, Oct-2, BOB -1, CYCLIND1, CD138, KAPPA, LAMBDA, c- Myc, ALK and Non Lymphoma Panel markers ALKD5F3, CD31 ,CD34, CD99, CK,CK(HMW), CK7, CK20, CK5/6, CK8/18, EMA, GATA-3, Glypican - 3, GCDFP-15, SMA, MSA, PSA, PSAP,PLAP, VIMENTIN, DESMIN, HMB45, HER2NEU, CA125,CALDESMON, ,INHIBIN ALPHA,CALRETININ, BEREP4, TTF, GCDFP15, CKIT, CEA(Monoclonal), CEA (polyclonal), SYNAPTOPHY, SPOSINGROM, 100GRONPHY CALCITONIN, THYROGLOBULIN, MART1,MYOD1,CK19,CDX2,BETACATENIN,CD1a,AMACAR,ANNEXIN,ARGI NASE,CD56,HHV8,IgG4,IgG,EMA,PAX-8, PD-1,RCC, S100,SOX-B -2, SOX-10, GFAP, IDH-11, ATRX, NF, OLIG-1, P2, P53, KI63, EBER -ISH, MLH- 67, MSH-1, PMS-2, MSH-2,BRAF, D6, CKIT, DOG-240, E- cadherin, GRANZYME-B, HEP-1, IgG, IgG1, INI-4, RCC, SALL1, STAT-4,WT-6, FLI. Isu tinoita zvakare yakakura neuro-oncology immunohistochemistry mapaneru epakati nerve system tumors. Pamusoro pezvo, marabhoritari yedu inoshandisawo bvunzo senge in situ hybridization yeEpstein- Barr Virus, Microsatellite Instability Panel, BRAF yekuyedza, PD-L1 kuyedza (SP1 uye SP142) iyo inoita basa rakakosha mukuita munhu manejimendi evarwere kuburikidza neakananga immunotherapy.

Routine and Ultrasound guided fine aspiration aspiration procedures: Fluid nezvidimbu zvidiki zvetishu (masero ega ega kwete mapoka emasero, semuenzaniso mukati memvura inobva kumativi emapapu) anogona kuwanikwa tsono yakanaka. Izvi zvinoitwa uchishandisa tsono yakatetepa kupfuura iyo inoshandiswa mucore biopsy, asi nehunyanzvi hwakafanana. Rudzi urwu rwezvinhu runowanzo kuve mvura kwete kusimba, uye rwunoendeswa kune cytology kwete histology. Cytology inosanganisira kugadzirira masiraidhi uye kuzivisa gynecological (Pap smears) uye asiri-gynecological samples (mvura yemuviri uye cerebrospinal fluid). Isu tinoita Liquid Based Cytology tichishandisa semi-otomatiki maitiro ekugadzira yunifomu kupararira kwemasero epithelial anotigonesa kupa mhedzisiro inogutsa. Isu tinoshandisawo maseru blocks sechijairira adjunct kune yakajairwa cytological smears yakagadzirirwa kuongororwa kwemvura. Aya maseru blocks anogona kuzoenderera mberi kushandiswa kune immunohistochemistry uye mamorekuru zvidzidzo.

Dhipatimendi rinotarisa nezveropa neropa rine chekuita negomarara iro rinotora chikamu chegumi muzana cheese magomarara. Inobva mumwongo webhonzo inova ndiyo inonyanya kugadzirwa kweropa uye inokanganisa kugadzirwa nekushanda kwemasero eropa. Ropa rinoumbwa nemhando nhatu dzemasero: masero matsvuku eropa, masero machena eropa uye maPlatelets. Kana iri gomarara, kugadzirwa kweropa kunovhiringwa nekuda kwekukura kwerudzi rusina kujairika rwesero reropa. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzinosanganisira:  Leukemia: Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekukasika kugadzirwa kwemasero eropa asina kujairika mumwongo izvo zvinokanganisa kukwanisa kwemwongo kugadzira masero matsvuku eropa nemaplatelet.  Lymphoma: Iyi imhando yegomarara reropa rinokanganisa nzira ye lymphatic iyo inokonzera kugadzira lymphocytes (rudzi rwewhite blood cell rinorwisa utachiona) uye nekubvisa mvura yakawandisa kubva mumuviri. Kukura kusingadzoreki kweaya abnormal lymphocytes kunokonzera lymphoma inopararira kune lymph nodes uye mamwe matishu.  Myeloma: Ndirwo rudzi rwekenza yeropa inobata masero eplasma (masero machena eropa anokonzera kugadzirwa kwezvirwere zvinorwisa zvirwere mumuviri), zvichiita kuti dzive dzisina simba.

Haemato oncology yakashongedzerwa nechimiro chehunyanzvi Flow Cytometry muchina unotarisa zvimwe zvinhu (zvicherechedzo/masoja ekudzivirira chirwere) pa kana mumasero anobatsira kuona kuti ndeapi marudzi emaseru. Uyu muedzo unogona kushandiswa kuona kana lymphocytes mumuenzaniso weropa ine CLL masero. Saizvozvo kuyerera Cytometry inogona kushandiswa kuona abnormal masero machena anonzi blasts mungave mumwongo kana peripheral ropa. Kuputika uku kana kwawanikwa muhuwandu hweropa kana bone mwongo kunonzi acute leukemia. Flow Cytometry inogonesawo kuzivikanwa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzeleukemia. Mushure mekurapwa, kuyerera Cytometry inogona kushandiswa kuongorora kana kuputika kuchiripo kana kubviswa zvachose nechemotherapy. Izvi zvinodaidzwa kunzi kuoneswa kwechirwere chidiki chasara kana MRD. Flow Cytometry inogona kuongorora Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma muLymph Nodes nekunzwa kwakanyanya uye hunyanzvi pamwe chete nemamwe maNon-Hodgkin lymphomas uko kunogona kuitwa ongororo yekuona kuti lymphoma iripo here kana kuti kwete. Flow Cytometry inoshandiswa kuImmuno phenotyping yemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira ropa rose, mwongo, serous cavity fluids, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, uye yakasimba tishu. MuFlow Cytometry, sampuli yemaseru kubva kubiopsy, cytology specimen, kana sampuli yeropa inorapwa nemasoja ekudzivirira chirwere. Masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anonamira kune mamwe marudzi emaseru ane maantigen anokwana nawo. Kazhinji, zvese zvinotora kuona imwe mhando yesero kugadzira monoclonal antibody kuti ione sero iro. Ipapo dhayi yefluorescent inonamirwa kune antibody, uye inoyerera Cytometry inogona kuwana ese maseru anonangwa neantibody. Iwo maseru anobva apfuudzwa pamberi pechitsiko chelaser kuti abudise anobatsira data plots kune ane hunyanzvi cytometrist kududzira. Acute Leukemia Panel- B-Lymphoid Markers & Acute Myeloid Leukemia Panel B-Lymphoid Markers inosanganisira CD10, CD19, CD20, CD22, Nuclear TDT T- Lymphoid uye NK Markers CD1a, CD 2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7, CD8, CD56 Myeloid Markers CD13, CD15, CD16,CD33, CD117 Monocytic Markers CD4, CD11b, CD14, CD64 Cytoplasmic Markers – MPO, CD79a uye CD3 Non-Lineage specific Markers CD34, HLADR, CD45, Myeloma Panel Cyto Kappa, cyto Lambda, CD56, CD10, CD38, CD138, CD19, CD28 & CD20, Chronic B Lymph proliferative Disorder Panel Kappa, Lambda, CD45, CD38, CD10c, CD11, CD19, CD5, CD20, CD103, CD180, IgM, CD200, CD43, CD21, CD3, CD16, CD56, CD7, CD8, TCR g/d, FMC4 , CD7 & CD23, CD45+ Stem cell enumeration CD34, Iso clonic control, Viability dhayi, Stem count mabedhi.