Biochemistry iko kushandiswa kwekemikari pakudzidza kwebiological process pamasero uye mamorekuru. Biochemistry yave hwaro hwekunzwisisa ese biological process. Inopa tsananguro yezvikonzero zvezvirwere zvakawanda uye yakawana nzvimbo yayo mukuongororwa uye kurapwa kwegomarara.

Musoro uye Mutsipa oncology: Ferritin, lipid-associated sialic acid (LSA), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) uye TPA (Tissue Polypeptide Specific Antigen) inoita seinonzwira tsitsi.
zvicherechedzo zvekufungidzira kwegomarara remusoro nemutsipa.
Pediatric Oncology & Hematology: NA

Chiropa chekushanda bvunzo dzinogona kuitwa kuti uongorore kushanda kwechiropa chako, uko gomarara remudumbu rinogona kupararira.
Tumor Markers: Makaka CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) uye CA 19-9 (cancer antigen) dzimwe nguva anosimudzwa mugomarara remudumbu pamwe nemamwe magomarara.
Chiropa Kenza: Kuongororwa kweropa kunoitwa kutarisa kusakanganiswa mukushanda kwechiropa, izvi zvinosanganisira kuongororwa kweAlanine transaminase (ALT). ALT ienzyme inowanikwa muchiropa inobatsira kushandura mapuroteni kuita simba remasero echiropa. Kana chiropa chakuvadzwa, ALT inoburitswa muropa uye mazinga anowedzera. Aspartate transaminase (AST). AST ienzyme inobatsira kugadzirisa amino acids. Kufanana neALT, AST inowanzovapo muropa pamazinga akaderera. Kuwedzera kweAST mazinga kunogona kuratidza kukuvara kwechiropa, chirwere kana kukuvara kwemhasuru.
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP): ALP ienzyme inowanikwa muchiropa nemapfupa uye yakakosha pakupwanya mapuroteni. Yakakwirira-kupfuura-yakajairika mazinga eALP anogona kuratidza kukuvara kwechiropa kana chirwere, senge yakavharwa bile duct kana zvimwe zvirwere zvemapfupa.
Albumin uye yakazara mapuroteni: Albumin imwe yemapuroteni akati wandei anogadzirwa muchiropa. Muviri wako unoda mapuroteni aya kurwisa utachiona uye kuita mamwe mabasa. Yakaderera-kupfuura-yakajairika mazinga ealbumin uye yakazara protein inogona kuratidza kukuvara kwechiropa kana chirwere. Bilirubin. Bilirubin chinhu chinogadzirwa panguva yekuparara kwemasero matsvuku eropa. Bilirubin inopfuura nepachiropa uye inobuditswa mutsvina. Kukwira kwebilirubin (jaundice) kunogona kuratidza kukuvara kwechiropa kana chirwere kana mamwe marudzi eanemia.
Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT): GGT is enzyme muropa. Yakakwirira-kupfuura-yakajairika mazinga anogona kuratidza chiropa kana bile duct kukuvadzwa.
Tumor Markers - Serum AFP: AFP inomirira alpha-fetoprotein. Iprotein inogadzirwa muchiropa chemwana ari kukura. Vakuru vane hutano vanofanira kunge vane mazinga akaderera eAFP. Huwandu hweAFP hunogona kuve chiratidzo chegomarara rechiropa uye hunogona kubatsira kuongorora gomarara kana ikashandiswa nemimwe ongororo. Muedzo unogonawo kushandiswa kubatsira kutarisa kushanda kwekurapa kenza uye kuona kana kenza yadzoka mushure mekunge wapedza kurapwa.

Urinalysis: Iyi ibvunzo yerabhu yekutarisa ropa nezvimwe zvinhu mumuenzaniso weweti.
Urine cytology: Pamuedzo uyu, sampu yeweti inotariswa nemaikorosikopu kuona kana paine kenza kana pre- cancer maseru mairi. Cytology inoitwawo pane chero kugezwa kwedundira kunotorwa panguva yecystoscopy (ona pazasi). Cytology inogona kubatsira kuwana mamwe magomarara, asi haina kukwana. Kusawana gomarara pabvunzo iyi hazvirevi kuti hauna cancer. Urine tsika: Kana uine zviratidzo zvekuvhenekera, muedzo uyu unogona kuitwa kuti uone kana utachiona (panzvimbo yekenza) ndicho chikonzero. Urinary tract infections negomarara redundiro zvinogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvakafanana. Kune tsika yeweti, sampuli yeweti inoiswa mundiro murabhoritari kubvumira chero mabhakitiriya aripo kuti akure. Zvinogona kutora nguva kuti utachiona huwedzere, saka zvinogona kutora mazuva mashoma kuti uwane zvabuda pabvunzo iyi.
Biochemistry: Kuongororwa kweropa kunoshandiswa kunyanya kuve nechokwadi chekuti itsvo dzako dziri kushanda zvakanaka. Serum blood urea nitrogen uye creatinine mazinga anofanirwa kuwanikwa kune vese varwere vanofungirwa gomarara redundiro. Kana chirwere chemetastatic chichifungidzirwa, nhamba yakakwana yeropa uye yakazara metabolic panel, kusanganisira alkaline phosphatase level uye kuongorora kwekushanda kwechiropa, zvakakodzera. Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR): Yakaderedzwa inofungidzirwa glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) yakawanikwa ichisanganiswa nenjodzi yakawedzera zvakanyanya yekenza yerenal uye urothelial.

Urine cytology: Renal cell cancer ichava neropa muweti yavo. Kana murwere aine transitional cell carcinoma (mu renal pelvis, ureter, kana dundira), dzimwe nguva bvunzo yakakosha yemuenzaniso weti (inonzi urine cytology) inoratidza masero chaiwo egomarara muweti. Complete blood count (CBC): Ichi chiyedzo chinoyera huwandu hwemasero akasiyana muropa. Iyi mhedzisiro yebvunzo inowanzova isina kujairika muvanhu vane gomarara reitsvo.
Biochemistry bvunzo: Yakakwira mazinga echiropa enzymes dzimwe nguva anowanikwa. High blood calcium levels inogona kuwanikwa iyo inogona kutungamirira kune mamwe maedzo ekufungidzira. Kuongororwa kwekemikari yeropa kunoyerawo kushanda kwetsvo, iyo inonyanya kukosha kana mimwe miedzo yekufungidzira kana kuvhiyiwa kwakarongwa.

Tumor Makers cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3), cancer antigen 27.29 (CA 27.29), uye carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) - yakashandiswa kubatsira kutarisa kenza yemazamu yemazamu (chirwere chepamusoro),

Tumor markers: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEAs) inomiririra boka rakasiyana-siyana re glycoprotein, rine maantigenic determinants. CEA inogadzirwa nemunyori maseru eyakajairwa munhu mukuru gastrointestinal turakiti uye kubvumidzwa kunoitwa kunyanya muchiropa. Mamiriro epamusoro emucherechedzo anowanikwa muvarwere vane chiropa metastases kubva kucarcinoma yekoloni. CEA assays anobatsira mumapapu emapapu ekiriniki manejimendi.
Chromogranin A: ipuroteni yakaburitswa kubva kumasero euroendocrine ayo akaratidzirwa muserum yevarwere vane kenza yemapapu. Adrenocorticotropic hormone: duku cell carcinoma yemapapu (SCLC), iyo yakabva kune neuroendocrine tissue, inogona kukura kuva paraneoplastic endocrine syndromes, yakadai seCushing syndrome, nekuda kwekubuda kusina kufanira kwe ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
Insulin-yakafanana nekukura kwe1 (IGF1): mazinga akakwirira ekutenderera insulini-yakafanana nekukura chinhu 1 (IGF1), iyo huru ligand yeIGF1R, inowedzera dambudziko rekuita zvirwere zvemapapu mune ramangwana.

Neuron specific enolase (NSE): high serum mazinga eNSE akaonekwa kune varwere vane neuroblastomas uye gliomas yakaipa, nezvimwewo.

Tumor Markers - Carcino Embryonic Antigen (CEA): Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa tumor marker ye colorectal cancer is carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Ongororo yeropa yeiyi bundu marker dzimwe nguva inogona kuratidza kuti mumwe munhu angave ane colorectal cancer, asi haigone kushandiswa ega kuongorora kana kuongorora cancer Makwiriro eECA anogona kuratidza kuti gomarara rapararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri. Mukuwedzera, mamwe mamiriro ehutano anogona kukonzera CEA kuwedzera. Muedzo weECA unowanzo shandiswa kutarisa gomarara remukati kune vanhu vari kutorapwa. Hazvibatsiri semuyedzo wekuongorora. Testicular Cancer:Kune zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha zvinomaka bundu zvegomarara retesticular: Alpha-fetoprotein: AFP iprotein inovanzwa nefetal yolk sac, chiropa uye mudumbu uye inoonekwa muhuwandu hwepamusoro muropa re "fetus". AFP inogona kuvanzwa neNSGCT ine embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor kana teratoma. Netsanangudzo, seminoma kana choriocarcinoma haiburitse AFP. Naizvozvo, chero murwere ane yakakwira AFP anofanirwa kunge aine isiri seminomatous chikamu che testis cancer.
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG): HCG iglycoprotein inogadzirwa ne placenta kuchengetedza corpus luteum panguva yekuzvitakura. HCG inogona kukwidziridzwa muhuwandu hwehumwe huipi, kusanganisira kenza yechiropa, yemapapu, pancreas uye mudumbu. Mune germ cell tumors ye testis, kusanganisira ese seminomas uye NSGCT, masero egomarara anogona kushandura kuita syncytiotrophoblasts (yakajairika chikamu cheiyo placenta) uye secrete HCG. Nhamba dzinopfuura 5,000 IU dzinowanzoratidza NSGCT, uye muNSGCT, mazinga epamusoro eHCG anobatanidzwa nehutachiona hwakaipisisa. Zvisinei, HCG- inogadzira seminoma (inenge 15 muzana yemaseminomas) ine fungidziro yakafanana seminoma isingaburitse HCG.
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH): LDH ndeye cellular enzyme inowanikwa mune yega yega yemuviri. Yakanyanya kuwanda yeLDH mune yakajairika tishu inowanikwa mumhasuru (kusanganisira skeletal, moyo uye yakatsetseka tsandanyama), chiropa uye uropi. LDH haina kunyanya kutarisisa cancer ye testis pane HCG kana AFP. Nekudaro, yakakwira LDH mazinga anoenderana neakakwira bundu mutoro mu seminoma uye kudzokorora muNSGCT.

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test: Ropa rinotorwa kubva mutsinga iri muruoko rwako roongororwa nokuda kwePSA, chinhu chinongogadzirwa neprostate gland. Chiyero chepamusoro-kupfuura-chakajairika chePSA chinogona kuratidza hutachiona hweprostate, kuzvimba, kuwedzera kana kenza.

Ropa rekuongorora: Kuongororwa kwemaitiro ekuongororwa kwerenal function, electrolytes uye kuongororwa kwechiropa kuchakurudzirwa nachiremba kuti abatsire mukurapa, kuongorora uye kutevera. Gomarara Reganda: Vanachiremba vanowanzo ongorora ropa kuti vawane mazinga echinhu chinonzi lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) vasati varapwa. Kana iyo melanoma yapararira kunzvimbo dziri kure dzemuviri, yakakwira LDH level inoshandiswa pakuita uye kushanda kwekurapa.
Bone Cancer: Vanhu vane osteosarcoma kana Ewing sarcoma vanogona kunge vane alkaline phosphatase yakakwirira uye lactate dehydrogenase mazinga muropa. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuziva kuti mazinga akakwirira haarevi gomarara nguva dzose.