Ciwon Kabari - Dalilai, Alamu, Hatsari, Ganewa, Jiyya da Rigakafin

Menene Cutar Kabari?

Cutar kabari, wanda kuma aka sani da goiter mai guba mai guba ko cutar Flajani-Basedow-Graves, cuta ce ta autoimmune wacce ke sa tsarin garkuwar jikin ku yayi kuskure akan glandar thyroid. Wannan yana haifar da haɓakar hormones na thyroid, yanayin da aka sani da shi hyperthyroidism.

Glandar thyroid ƙarama ce mai siffar malam buɗe ido wacce take a gaban wuyanka. Yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaita metabolism, matakan kuzari, zafin jiki, nauyi, da ƙari. Lokacin da matakan hormone thyroid ya yi girma sosai saboda cutar Graves, zai iya rushe ayyuka na jiki da yawa kuma ya haifar da matsalolin lafiya.

Ciwon Kabari: Mahimman Bayanai

• Babban dalilin Hyperthyroidism: Cutar kaburbura tana daya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da yawan aikin thyroid.
• Yadu Tasiri: Yawan adadin hormones na thyroid na iya shafar zuciya, ƙasusuwa, tsoka, hawan jini, haihuwa, fata, har ma da idanu.
• YAWAN JAMA'A: Yayin da zai iya shafar kowa, cutar Graves ta fi yawa a cikin:
  • Women
  • Mutanen da ba su kai shekara 40 ba

Alamomin Cutar Kabari

Cutar kaburbura na iya shafar tsarin da yawa a cikin jiki saboda yawan samar da hormones na thyroid. Alamun na iya tasowa a hankali ko bayyana ba zato ba tsammani, kuma tsananin su na iya bambanta daga mutum zuwa mutum.

Alamomin gama gari na Cutar Kabari:

• Haushi da damuwa
• Rashin nauyi ba tare da gangan ba duk da halaye na cin abinci na yau da kullun
• Hankalin zafi, ƙara yawan gumi, da dumi, fata mai laushi
• Gajiya da raunin tsoka
• Kyakkyawan rawar jiki a hannu ko yatsu
• Ƙunƙarar bugun zuciya ko gaggawar bugun zuciya ( bugun zuciya)
• Goiter (ƙaramar glandar thyroid)
• Yawan motsin hanji
• Barci na damuwa
• Rashin daidaituwar al'ada
• Rage sha'awar jima'i ko rashin aiki na maza

Wasu mutane kuma na iya haifar da takamaiman rikitarwa kamar:

• Kabari' ophthalmopathy - kumburin idanu, rashin jin daɗin ido, haske mai hankali
• Dermopathy na Graves – ja, fata mai kauri, yawanci akan shins ko saman ƙafafu

An yi bayanin waɗannan abubuwan dalla-dalla a cikin sashe na gaba.

Bayyanar Cutar Kabari

Cutar kabari na iya nunawa tare da takamaiman halayen halayen fiye da alamun hyperthyroid na gaba ɗaya. Biyu da aka fi sani sune Graves' ophthalmopathy da Graves' dermopathy.

Kabari 'Ophthalmopathy

Kusan kashi 30 cikin XNUMX na mutanen da ke fama da cutar Graves suna samun wannan matsalar da ke da alaƙa da ido. Yana faruwa lokacin da kumburi ya shafi tsokoki da kyallen takarda a kusa da idanu. Alamomin gama gari da alamun sun haɗa da:

• Ƙunƙarar idanu (exophthalmos)
• Matsin ido da zafi
• Janyewar ido ko kumbura
• Jajaye, idanu masu haushi
• Sensitivity zuwa haske
• Hasalima hangen nesa
• A lokuta masu tsanani, yana iya haifar da asarar hangen nesa

Dermopathy na Graves

Wannan wata alama ce da ba kasafai ke da alaka da fata ta cutar kabari ba. Yawanci yana shafar shins ko saman ƙafafu, yana haifar da:

• Ja, fata ta kumbura
• Nau'i mai kauri, mai kama da bawo orange
• Ya haifar da tarin mucopolysaccharides (nau'in carbohydrate) a cikin fata

Me Ke Kawo Ciwon Kabari?

Cutar kaburbura ta samo asali ne sakamakon rashin aiki a cikin tsarin rigakafi, amma ainihin dalilin da ke tattare da wannan martanin na rigakafi har yanzu ba a san shi ba.

A cikin mutane masu lafiya, glandan pituitary, wani ƙaramin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta wanda yake a gindin kwakwalwa, yana daidaita aikin thyroid ta hanyar samar da hormone thyroid-stimulating (TSH). TSH yana nuna alamar thyroid don samar da hormones masu dacewa: thyroxine (T4) da triiodothyronine (T3).

Duk da haka, a cikin mutanen da ke fama da cutar Graves, tsarin rigakafi yana haifar da antibody mai karɓar thyrotropin (TRAb). Wannan antibody yana kwaikwayon TSH, yana haifar da glandon thyroid don yin aiki da yawa kuma ya haifar da yawan hormones na thyroid, yana haifar da hyperthyroidism.

Matsayin TRAb a cikin Alamomin Ido da Fata

• A cikin ophthalmopathy na Graves, TRAb antibody kuma yana shafar kyallen takarda da tsokoki a kusa da idanu, yana haifar da kumburi da haɓakar carbohydrates, wanda zai iya haifar da kumburin idanu, zafi, da matsalolin hangen nesa.
• A cikin Graves' dermopathy, irin wannan tsari na iya haifar da kauri da jajayen fata, musamman akan shins da saman ƙafafu.

Menene Abubuwan Haɗarin Cutar Kaburbura?

Cutar kabari na iya shafar kowa, amma wasu dalilai suna ƙara yuwuwar haɓaka wannan cuta ta thyroid ta autoimmune:

• Jima'i: Mata sun fi maza kamuwa da cutar kabari sosai.
• Age: Yawanci yana bayyana a cikin mutane masu ƙasa da shekaru 40.
• Tarihin Iyali: Halin yanayin halitta yana taka muhimmiyar rawa. Idan kana da dangi na kurkusa mai cutar Graves ko wata cuta ta autoimmune, haɗarinka ya fi girma.
• Sauran Yanayi na Autoimmune: Yanayi kamar Nau'in ciwon sukari na 1, rheumatoid amosanin gabbai, ko cutar celiac na iya ƙara haɗarin ku.
• Damuwa: Matsayi mai girma na damuwa ko damuwa na jiki na iya haifar da farawa a cikin daidaikun mutane tare da tsinkayen kwayoyin halitta.
• Ciki ko Haihuwar Kwanan nan: Canje-canje na Hormonal a lokacin ko bayan ciki na iya haifar da cutar Graves a cikin mata masu kamuwa da kwayoyin halitta.
• Shan taba: Shan taba sigari yana cutar da tsarin garkuwar jiki kuma yana haifar da haɗarin haɓakar ophthalmopathy na Graves, babban matsalar ido.

Duk da yake waɗannan abubuwan haɗari suna haɓaka damar ku, wasu mutane masu cutar Graves ba su da masaniyar abubuwan haɗari kwata-kwata.

Menene Matsalolin Ciwon Kabari?

Idan ba a kula da shi ba, cutar kabari na iya haifar da matsaloli masu tsanani da suka shafi gabobin jiki da tsarin jiki daban-daban. Waɗannan sun haɗa da:

• Matsalolin Zuciya: Cutar kaburbura na iya haifar da bugun zuciya da ba daidai ba (arrhythmias), cardiomyopathy (cutar tsokar zuciya), har ma da gazawar zuciya, saboda aikin da zuciya ke yi daga tsawaita hyperthyroidism.
• Matsalolin Ciki: Mata masu juna biyu da ba a kula da su ba ko kuma rashin kulawar cutar Graves suna cikin haɗarin mafi girma:
  • Zina
  • Haihuwa kafin haihuwa
  • Preeclampsia (hawan hawan jini)
  • Rashin girma tayi
  • Matsalolin zuciya na uwa
• Thyroid Storm (Rikicin Thyrotoxic): Gaggawa mai barazanar rai wanda ya haifar da matsanancin matakan hormone thyroid. Alamomin sun hada da zazzabi, saurin bugun zuciya, tashin hankali, da rudani, kuma suna iya haifar da gazawar gabobi idan ba a yi gaggawar magance su ba.
• Ciwon Kashi: Dogon lokaci, hyperthyroidism ba tare da magani ba zai iya tsoma baki tare da shayar da calcium da ma'adinai, wanda zai haifar da osteoporosis, yanayin da ƙasusuwa ya zama rauni da raguwa.

Ganewar ganewa cikin gaggawa da kuma dacewa da cutar Graves suna da mahimmanci don guje wa waɗannan sakamako masu tsanani.

Yaya Ake Gano Cutar Kaburbura?

Binciken cutar kabari ya ƙunshi haɗuwa da gwajin jiki, gwaje-gwajen jini, da nazarin hoto don tantance aikin thyroid da kuma yin watsi da wasu yanayi. Mabuɗin matakan bincike sun haɗa da:

1. Jarabawar Jiki

Likitan zai:

• Duba don kumburi a cikin thyroid gland shine yake (goiter)
• Bincika idanu don haushi, fitowa, ko kumburi
• Auna bugun zuciya, hawan jini, da neman rawar jiki, wanda ke nuna yawan aiki mai ƙarfi

2. Gwajin Jini

Wadannan suna taimakawa tantance aikin thyroid kuma gano aikin autoimmune:

• Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH): Sau da yawa ana kashe shi a cikin cutar kabari
• Hormones na thyroid (T3 da T4): Yawanci haɓaka
• thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) ko thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb): takamaiman ƙwayoyin rigakafi waɗanda ke tabbatar da yanayin autoimmune na cutar Graves.

3. Gwajin Iodine na Radiyo (RAIU).

• Yana auna yawan iodine radioactive da thyroid ke sha
• A cikin cutar Graves, abin da ake ɗauka yana da yawa kuma yana yaduwa, yana nuna yawan aiki a cikin gland.

4. Thyroid Ultrasound

• An ba da shawarar ga marasa lafiya waɗanda ba za su iya yin gwajin rediyoaktif ba (misali, mata masu juna biyu)
• Yana tantance girman da nau'in thyroid kuma yana iya gano nodules

5. Gwajin Hoto (CT ko MRI)

• Ana iya amfani da shi idan ana zargin Graves' ophthalmopathy
• Taimakawa kimanta girman shigar ido da kawar da wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da alamun

Farko da ingantaccen ganewar cutar ta Graves yana da mahimmanci don fara magani akan lokaci da kuma hana rikitarwa.

Zaɓuɓɓukan Maganin Cutar Kabari

Jiyya don cutar Graves yana nufin rage samar da hormone thyroid, sarrafa alamun bayyanar cututtuka, da kuma magance matsalolin kamar Graves' ophthalmopathy. Zaɓin magani ya dogara da shekaru, tsananin alamun bayyanar cututtuka, yanayin rashin lafiya, da abubuwan da ake so.

1. Radiactive Iodine Therapy (RAI)

• Abin da shi ne: Marasa lafiya suna ɗaukar ƙaramin adadin iodine na rediyoaktif baki.
• Yadda yake aiki: Glandar thyroid yana sha iodine don samar da hormones. Radioiodine yana hari kuma yana lalata ƙwayoyin thyroid masu yawan aiki, yana raguwa da gland kuma yana rage matakan hormone.
• Farko: Alamun suna inganta cikin ƴan makonni zuwa watanni.
• Ga wanda yake: Yawancin manya marasa ciki.
• Hanyoyin da ke faruwa: Ƙaruwa na ɗan lokaci a cikin matakan hormone thyroid, taushin wuyansa, da yuwuwar cutar da alamun ido a cikin ophthalmopathy na Graves.
• Ba da shawarar don: Mata masu ciki/masu shayarwa da masu matsakaicin matsakaicin ciwon ido.
• Bayan jiyya: Ana iya buƙatar maganin maye gurbin maganin thyroid na tsawon rai.

2. Magungunan Anti-Thyroid

• misalan: Methimazole, Propylthiouracil (PTU)
• Yadda suke aiki: Wadannan kwayoyi suna toshe thyroid gland daga samar da wuce haddi hormones.
• Maganin da aka fi so: Methimazole shine yawanci magani na layin farko saboda ƙarancin illa.
• Lokacin daukar ciki: An fi son PTU a lokacin farkon trimester, saboda methimazole na iya haifar da lahani na haihuwa.
• Hanyoyin da ke faruwa: Rash, ciwon haɗin gwiwa, lalacewar hanta, da raguwar adadin fararen ƙwayoyin jini.

3. Beta Blockers

• misalan: Propranolol, Atenolol, Metoprolol
• Nufa: Wadannan magungunan ba sa maganin cututtukan da ke ciki amma suna kawar da alamun cututtuka kamar:
  • Saurin bugun zuciya
  • Tremors
  • Rashin haƙuri na zafi
  • juyayi
  • sweating
  • Ƙarfin tsoka
• Bai dace da: Mutanen da ke fama da asma ko ciwon sukari ba tare da kulawar likita ba.

4. Tiyata (Thyroidectomy)

• Hanyar: Sashe ko cikakken cirewar glandar thyroid.
• Lokacin da ake amfani da shi: Lokacin da wasu jiyya suka kasa, lokacin daukar ciki (idan gaggawa), ko kuma a lokuta masu girma na goiters.
• Hadarin: Yiwuwar lalacewa ga igiyoyin murya ko glandar parathyroid (wanda ke daidaita calcium).
• Bayan tiyata: Ana buƙatar maye gurbin hormone thyroid na tsawon rai.

5. Magani ga Kabari 'Ophthalmopathy

• Ƙananan lokuta: Shafa ido ( hawaye na wucin gadi), gels da dare, da kari na selenium.
• Matsakaici zuwa mawuyacin hali:
  • Corticosteroids don rage kumburin ido
  • Gilashin Prism don gyara hangen nesa biyu
  • Tiyatar lalatawar Orbital idan an yi barazanar hangen nesa - ya haɗa da cire kashi tsakanin kwas ɗin ido da sinus don sauƙaƙe matsa lamba.
  • Orbital radiotherapy don rage kumburi a cikin tsokoki na ido idan corticosteroids ba su da tasiri

Ana iya magance cutar ta kaburbura tare da kan lokaci kuma magani mai dacewa. Tuntuɓi ƙwararru don nemo madaidaicin tsarin jiyya wanda ya dace da yanayin ku.

Rigakafin Cutar Kabari

A halin yanzu, ba a san hanyoyin da za a bi don rigakafin cutar Graves ba, saboda har yanzu ba a san ainihin musabbabin cutar ba. Tun da yake yana da tasiri da yawa daga cututtukan autoimmune da kwayoyin halitta, babu takamaiman matakan rigakafi da likitoci zasu iya ba da shawarar. Duk da haka, kula da salon rayuwa mai kyau da kuma kula da damuwa na iya taimakawa wajen rage haɗarin haifar da amsawar autoimmune a cikin waɗanda ke da yanayin halitta.

Lokacin Ganin Likitan Cutar Kaburbura

Idan kun fuskanci alamun bayyanar cututtuka irin su asarar nauyi da ba a bayyana ba, gajiya mai tsayi, saurin bugun zuciya, damuwa, ko canje-canje a idanunku ko fata, yana da mahimmanci kada ku yi watsi da su. Waɗannan na iya zama alamun cutar Graves ko wani yanayin da ke da alaƙa da thyroid.

Binciken farko da magani na lokaci yana da mahimmanci don hana rikitarwa da sarrafa alamun yadda ya kamata.

Nemi alƙawari tare da likitan endocrinologist a Asibitocin Apollo

Call 1860-500-1066 don yin shawarwari tare da kwararrunmu.