Gwajin Aikin Koda (KFT)

Menene aikin koda na al'ada?

Koda gabobi ne masu siffar wake kuma girman hannu ne. Koda biyu suna kwance a kowane gefen kashin baya, na baya zuwa ciki da kuma ƙarƙashin kejin hakarkarin.

Koda suna kula da matakin ruwa na jiki da ma'adanai daban-daban masu mahimmanci. Suna tace abubuwan sharar gida da ruwa mai yawa daga cikin jini kuma suna fitar da su daga jiki a matsayin fitsari.

Ƙarin ayyuka na kodan sun haɗa da samar da:

• Vitamin D
• Jajayen kwayoyin jini
• Hormones da ke tsarawa karfin jini

Menene alamun matsalolin koda?

Alamomin da za su iya nuna matsalar koda sun haɗa da:

• Hawan jini
• Jinin cikin fitsari
• Yawan sha'awar yin fitsari
• Wahalar fara fitsari
• Fitsari mai zafi
• Kumburi na hannaye da ƙafafu 

Yaushe likita zai ba da shawarar KFT?

• idan likita yana tunanin kodan bazai yi aiki ba bisa dalilai masu haɗari, alamun asibiti, da alamu
• Don tantancewa da tantance dalilin rashin aikin koda
• Idan yanayin da zai iya cutar da koda, kamar ciwon sukari ko hawan jini, shima yana tare
• Don saka idanu kan ci gaban cututtukan koda da amsa magani

Menene nau'ikan KFTs?

Hanyoyi daban-daban don tantance aikin koda sun haɗa da:

• Nazarin Urinal: Yana bincikar furotin, jini, muji, bakteriya, da sukari a cikin fitsari. Yana iya taimakawa gano koda daban-daban da cututtuka na urinary tract, ciki har da kullum koda cuta, ciwon sukari, ciwon mafitsara, da duwatsun koda. Tunda akwai dalilai daban-daban na furotin a cikin fitsari, cutar koda bazai zama sanadin ko yaushe ba. Likitan na iya maimaita wannan gwajin bayan ƴan makonni don ganin idan sakamakon ya kasance iri ɗaya. Wasu gwaje-gwajen fitsari suna buƙatar ƙaramin ƙara kawai, yayin da wasu suna buƙatar tarin fitsari a cikin awanni ashirin da huɗu da suka gabata. Gwajin fitsari na sa'o'i 24 zai nuna yawan fitsarin kodan ku da kuma auna daidai yadda kodan ke aiki a kullum.

Za a samar da akwati don tattara samfurin fitsari sannan a aika shi zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje don yin bincike a asibitin likita ko asibiti.

• Protein na fitsari: Kasancewar furotin a cikin fitsari ana kiransa proteinuria. Kuna iya samun wannan ma'aunin a matsayin wani ɓangare na gwajin fitsari ko gwajin dipstick. Ya kamata a tabbatar da ingantaccen gwajin dipstick (≥1+) ta:

• Binciken microalbuminuria: Wannan shine mafi mahimmancin gwajin dipstick wanda zai iya gano ɗan ƙaramin adadin albumin (nau'in furotin na fitsari mafi yawanci). Yawan adadin albumin a cikin fitsari na iya nuna rashin aikin koda. Mutanen da ke cikin haɗarin rashin aikin koda (misali, waɗanda ke da ciwon sukari or hauhawar jini) yakamata a yi wannan gwajin ko rabon albumin-to-creatinine (ACR) idan ma'aunin dipstick gwajin su na proteinuria mara kyau.
• ACR: Lokacin da muka raba adadin albumin na fitsari ta hanyar creatinine na fitsari, zamu sami ACR. Ana ɗaukar ACR <30 na al'ada. ACR tsakanin 30-300 yana nuna matsakaicin albuminuria. ACR> 300 yana nufin albuminuria mai tsanani. 

• Creatinine Clearance: Wannan kimantawa tana kwatanta matakin creatinine a cikin samfurin fitsari na awanni 24 zuwa adadin creatinine a cikin jini don nuna adadin sharar da kodan ke tacewa kowane minti daya.

• Samfuran jini: Gwaje-gwaje guda biyu waɗanda ke buƙatar samfurin jini da aka ɗauka a asibitin likita ko wurin asibiti sun haɗa da gwajin BUN da gwajin jini na creatinine. Mai fasaha ya fara ɗaure bandeji na roba a kusa da hannu na sama, wanda ke sa jijiyoyin da ke lanƙwasa hannu su fi fice. Ma'aikacin yana tsaftace wurin a kan jijiyar, bayan haka sai su zame wani rami maras kyau ta fata da kuma cikin jijiya, yana sa jini ya kwarara cikin bututun gwaji. Bayan gwajin, mai fasaha zai sanya gauze da bandeji akan wurin huda. Mai fasaha zai aika bututun zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje don bincike.

• Gwajin creatinine: Creatinine samfuri ne na al'ada na rushewar tsokoki na lalacewa da tsagewar jiki, wanda yawanci ana tacewa gaba ɗaya daga jini ta hanyar kodan. A cewar Gidauniyar Kidney Foundation, matakin creatinine> 1.2 milligrams/deciliter (mg/dL) ga mata da> 1.4 mg/dL ga maza yana nuna rashin aikin koda. Tare da rashin aikin koda na ci gaba, matakin creatinine a cikin jini yana ƙaruwa. Gwajin creatinine na jini shine mahimmancin kimanta aikin koda kuma yana ƙayyade haɓaka a cikin creatinine na jini.

• Urea nitrogen (BUN): The Gwajin BUN yana taimakawa wajen tantance adadin nitrogen na urea, samfurin rushewar furotin na abinci, a cikin jini. Tare da lalacewar koda, haɓakar BUN kuma na iya tasowa daga shan wasu magunguna, gami da aspirin da wasu nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta. Mutane da yawa suna buƙatar sanar da likitocin su game da magungunan su da tarihin ci. Idan ana buƙatar wannan gwajin, mutum zai buƙaci dakatar da waɗannan magunguna na ƴan kwanaki kafin gwajin. Matsayin BUN na yau da kullun yana daga 7 da 20 mg/dL. Yayin da aikin koda ke raguwa, matakin BUN ya tashi, kuma mafi girma zai iya nuna al'amurran kiwon lafiya, ciki har da rashin aiki na koda.

• Ƙimar tacewa ta Glomerular (GFR): Wannan yana gwada yadda kodan ke tace sharar gida da ruwa mai yawa daga jini. Za mu iya ƙayyade ƙimar ta la'akari da sigogi na asibiti daban-daban:
  • Matsakaicin matakin creatinine
  • Shekaru
  • Jinsi
  • race
  • Height
  • Weight

Wannan gwajin yana auna yadda kodan ke cire sharar gida da ruwa mai yawa daga jini. GFR na yau da kullun na iya bambanta dangane da shekaru (zai iya raguwa da shekaru). Za mu iya ƙididdige GFR a matsayin millilita/minti/1.73m2 ^. Matsakaicin ƙimar GFR shine 90 ko sama da haka. GFR ƙasa da 60 yana nuna cewa wani nau'in matsalar koda ya fara. Idan GFR na wani ya faɗi ƙasa da 15, yana cikin babban haɗarin buƙatar dialysis ko dashen.

Gwaje-gwajen Hoto waɗanda zasu iya taimakawa tare da haɓaka cututtukan cututtuka tare da KFTs

• Duban dan tayi da CT: Ana iya amfani da su don nemo abubuwan da ba su dace ba a girman koda ko matsayi ko cikas kamar duwatsu ko ciwace-ciwace.
• Wataƙila muna buƙatar a koda biopsy a cikin wadannan yanayi:
  • Don gano farkon cutar da ci gaba da kuma ƙayyade yiwuwar amsawa ga magani
  • Don kimanta girman lalacewar koda 
  • Don gano dalilan ƙwace koda kin amincewa

Menene hanyoyin magance cututtukan koda da wuri?

Idan KFTs sun nuna cewa cutar koda ce ke haifar da ita, kulawar likita za ta mayar da hankali kan cututtukan da ke haifar da hakan. Baya ga wayar da kan mutum game da salon rayuwa da gyare-gyaren abinci, likitoci na iya rubuta magunguna don magance hauhawar jini da ciwon suga. Ana iya buƙatar tura likita zuwa ga likitan zuciya ko likitan zuciya dangane da sakamakon gwaji da kuma cikakken hoton asibiti. Za a buƙaci maimaita KFTs don lura da ci gaban da martanin magani.

Disclaimer: Wannan labarin don dalilai ne na bayanai kawai kuma ba madadin shawarar likita ba. Tuntuɓi ƙwararren kiwon lafiya don ganewa, jiyya, ko damuwa.