He aha ka maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai?

ʻO ke kanesa ʻōpū he ʻano kanesa e hoʻomaka ana i loko o nā pūnaewele o ka ʻōpū ʻōpū—ʻo ia ke kino hakahaka ma ka ʻōpū haʻahaʻa e mālama ana i ka mimi ma mua o kona haʻalele ʻana i ke kino. ʻO ia kekahi o nā kanesa maʻamau ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā pākeke. Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa wale nō, ʻoi aku ma mua o 80,000 mau hihia hou i ʻike ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

ʻO ka nūhou maikaʻi, ua ʻike mua ʻia nā maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū he nui, i ka wā maʻalahi ke mālama ʻia. Hiki i ka ʻike mua ʻana ke hana i kahi ʻokoʻa nui i ke ola a me ke ʻano o ke ola. Eia nō naʻe, he ʻano maʻamau ka hoʻi hou ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū ma hope o ka mālama pono ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi he mea nui loa ka mālama lōʻihi.

He aha nā ʻano o ke Kanesa ʻŌpū Mimi?

Aia kekahi mau ʻano like ʻole o ke kanesa ʻōpū. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa e kōkua i nā kauka e koho i ka hoʻolālā lapaʻau maikaʻi loa.

• ʻO ka maʻi kanesa urothelial (maʻi kanesa cell hoʻololi): ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau (ma kahi o 90% o nā hihia āpau). Hoʻomaka i loko o nā pūnaewele urothelial e hoʻopili ana i ka ʻōpū mimi.
• ʻO ka maʻi puʻupuʻu squamous: Hoʻopili ʻia i ka huhū lōʻihi o ka ʻōpū mimi, i kekahi manawa ma muli o nā maʻi maʻi mau a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka catheter no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻAʻole maʻamau akā hiki ke hoʻouka kaua.
• adenocarcinoma: Kākaʻikahi loa (ma kahi o 1-2% o nā hihia). Hoʻomaka i loko o nā pūnaewele glandular i loko o ka uhi o ka ʻōpū mimi.
• ʻO ka maʻi maʻi kino liʻiliʻi: Kākaʻikahi loa. Ulu koke a mālama pinepine ʻia me ka chemotherapy a me ka radiation.
• Sarcoma: ʻAno laha ʻole. Hoʻomaka i loko o nā ʻiʻo o ka ʻōpū mimi.

He aha nā kumu o ke Kanesa ʻŌpū Mimi?

Hoʻomaka ka maʻi kanesa i ka wā e loli ai ka DNA i loko o nā pūnaewele mimi (mutates), e ulu ai nā pūnaewele me ke kāohi ʻole. ʻOiai ʻaʻole maopopo mau ke kumu pololei, hiki i kekahi mau kumu ke kōkua:

• Hoʻohana i ka paka: ʻO ka puhi paka ke kumu nui loa. Komo nā kemika i loko o ka uahi paka i ke koko, kānana ʻia e nā puʻupaʻa, a pau i loko o ka mimi, e hōʻino pololei ana i nā hunaola mimi.
• Hoʻolaha kemo: ʻO ka hoʻokaʻaʻike lōʻihi me kekahi mau kemika ʻoihana, ʻoiai nā mea hoʻoluʻu a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe, e hoʻonui paha i ka pilikia.
• Ka huhū mau o ka ʻōpū mimi: ʻO nā maʻi e hoʻomau nei, nā pōhaku mimi ʻōpū, a i ʻole ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana i ka catheter hiki i kekahi manawa ke alakaʻi i ka maʻi kanesa.
• Nā hoʻololi hoʻoilina: ʻO kekahi mau mutations i hoʻoilina ʻia a loaʻa paha e hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka maʻi kanesa.

He aha nā kumu pilikia no ka maʻi ʻōpū?

Aia paha ʻoe i ka nui o ka pilikia o ka maʻi ʻaʻai mimi inā loaʻa iā ʻoe:

• Nā kumu ola:
  • Ka puhipaka (cigarette, cigars, paipu).
  • Ka nui o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana i kekahi mau kemika ma kahi hana (e like me, i loko o nā ʻoihana laholio, ʻili, paʻi, a pena paha).
• Nā moʻolelo pilikino:
  • Ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū ma mua (kiʻekiʻe ka pilikia o ka hoʻi hou ʻana).
  • Nā maʻi mimi lōʻihi a i ʻole nā ​​​​pōhaku.
  • ʻO ka chemotherapy i hala a i ʻole ka radiation pelvic.
• Makahiki a me ke kāne:
  • ʻO ka hapa nui o nā maʻi ma luna o 55.
  • ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kāne i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi ʻōpū mimi ma mua o nā wahine he 3-4 mau manawa ka nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi ʻōpū.
• Pūʻuluʻohana: ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hoahānau pili me ka maʻi ʻōpū mimi e hoʻonui iki i ka pilikia.
• Nā kumu wai inu: Ua pili ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka arsenic i ka wai inu i ka maʻi ʻaʻai mimi ma kekahi mau wahi.

He aha nā hōʻailona o ke Kanesa ʻŌpū Mimi?

Hōʻike pinepine ka maʻi ʻōpū i nā hōʻailona mua. Inā ʻike ʻoe iā lākou, he mea nui e ʻike koke i ke kauka.

Nā ʻōuli mua:

• ʻO ke koko i loko o ka mimi (hematuria) - hiki ke ʻike ʻia he poni, ʻulaʻula, a ʻeleʻele paha.
• Kūʻai pinepine.
• ʻEha a wela paha i ka wā e mimi ana.
• Ka wikiwiki (makemake nui e mimi koke).

Nā hōʻailona holomua:

• ʻEha kua a i ʻole ka ʻeha pelvis.
• ʻAʻole hiki ke mimi.
• ʻO ka pohō kaumaha i wehewehe ʻole ʻia.
• Ka luhi a i ʻole ka nāwaliwali.
• Ka pehu ʻana ma nā wāwae.

Ma muli o ka nui o kēia mau hōʻailona hiki ke hana ʻia e nā maʻi mimi a i ʻole nā ​​​​pōhaku puʻupaʻa, he mea koʻikoʻi ka loiloi olakino.

Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ke kanesa o ka ʻōpū?

Hoʻohana nā kauka i kekahi mau hoʻokolohua e hōʻoia i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū:

• Cystoscopy: Hoʻokomo ke kauka i kahi mea lahilahi e like me ka paipu i kapa ʻia he cystoscope ma o ka urethra i loko o ka ʻōpū mimi e nānā pololei i ka uhi o ka ʻōpū mimi. Hoʻohana ʻia ka wai e hoʻopiha i ka ʻōpū mimi, e ʻae ana i ke kauka e ʻike i nā wahi ʻē.
• ʻO Biopsy: Inā loaʻa nā wahi kānalua i ka wā o ka cystoscopy, lawe ʻia nā laʻana ʻiʻo (biopsies). A laila e nānā ʻia kēia mau laʻana ma lalo o kahi microscope e kahi pathologist e hōʻoia i ke alo o nā hunaola kanesa.
• Urine Cytology: Ua nānā ʻia kahi hāpana o ka mimi ma lalo o kahi microscope e nānā i kekahi mau hunaola ʻē aʻe a i ʻole nā ​​​​pūnaewele maʻi kanesa.
• Nā hoʻāʻo kiʻi: Hoʻohana ʻo CT Urogram i nā kukuna X a me kahi kala hoʻohālikelike e hana i nā kiʻi kikoʻī o ka ʻōpū mimi a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ke ala mimi, e kōkua ana i ka ʻike ʻana i ka nui a me ka wahi o ke kanesa. Hāʻawi ʻo MRI a me ultrasound i nā hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī o ke ala mimi.
• Pyelogram Retrograde: He hoʻāʻo kiʻi kahi e hoʻokomo ʻia ai kahi waihoʻoluʻu i loko o ke ala mimi e ʻike maopopo ʻia ai nā ʻano ma nā kukuna X.

Ka Papa Hana o ke Kanesa ʻŌpū Mimi

Ma hope o ka hōʻoia ʻana, hoʻoholo nā kauka i ke ʻano o ka holomua o ke kanesa. Kōkua kēia i ke alakaʻi ʻana i nā hoʻoholo lapaʻau.

Ke hoʻonohonoho

• Pae 0: ʻO ke kanesa ma ka ʻili o ka ʻōpū mimi wale nō.
• Pae I: Hohola i loko o nā ʻiʻo pili ma lalo o ka uhi.
• Pae II: Ua hōʻea i ka ʻiʻo o ka ʻōpū mimi.
• Pae III: Hohola i ka momona a puni a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​ʻōpū kokoke.
• Pae IV: Hoʻolaha i nā lymph nodes, nā iwi, a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​ʻōpū mamao.

Kāleka

• Nā puʻupuʻu haʻahaʻa: ʻOi aku ke ʻano o nā pūnaewele e like me nā pūnaewele maʻamau; ulu mālie pinepine.
• Nā puʻupuʻu kiʻekiʻe: Ke nānā aku nei nā pūnaewele he ʻano ʻē loa a ʻoi aku ka palahalaha.

Nā Koho Lapaʻau no ke Kanesa ʻŌpū Mimi

ʻAla:

• ʻO ka wehe ʻana o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū (TURBT): No nā maʻi ʻaʻai superficial, hana ʻia kahi TURBT e wehe i ka puʻupuʻu ma ke kahakaha ʻana mai ka paia o ka ʻōpū mimi, i kekahi manawa ukali ʻia e ka fulguration e puhi i ke koena o ke kino.
• ʻO ka Cystectomy hapa a radical paha: No nā maʻi ʻaʻai kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole e komo mai nā ʻiʻo, a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi ʻaʻai komo mai, pono paha kahi cystectomy hapa a radical paha (ka wehe ʻana i kahi hapa a i ʻole ka ʻōpū holoʻokoʻa). Hana ʻia kahi hoʻohuli mimi e hana i kahi ala hou no ka mimi e haʻalele ai i ke kino ma hope o kahi cystectomy radical.

Nā lāʻau lapaʻau:

• Intravesical Chemotherapy: Hāʻawi pololei ʻia i loko o ka ʻōpū mimi no nā maʻi ʻōpū mimi ʻaʻole invasive e hōʻemi i ka pilikia o ka hoʻi hou ʻana.
• Kemoterapi ʻōnaehana: Hāʻawi ʻia ma o kahi aʻa koko no nā maʻi ʻaʻai invasive, pinepine ma mua o ke ʻoki ʻana e hoʻēmi i ka puʻupuʻu a i ʻole ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka hui pū ʻana me ka radiation therapy.
• Immunotherapy: Hoʻoikaika i ka ʻōnaehana pale e hakakā i ka maʻi kanesa. ʻO Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) kahi mea immunotherapy i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no ka maʻi ʻōpū ʻaʻai non-muscle-invasive e hōʻemi i ka hoʻi hou ʻana. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau systemic e like me pembrolizumab a me nivolumab e mālama i ka maʻi ʻōpū ʻaʻai holomua a i ʻole e pale i ka hoʻi hou ʻana ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana.
• Lapaʻau Radiation: Hoʻopau nā kukuna ikehu kiʻekiʻe i nā hunaola kanesa. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka wā hiki ʻole ke ʻoki kino a i ʻole e hoʻēmi i nā puʻupuʻu ma mua o ke ʻoki kino.

Proton Therapy: I ka manawa hea ia e pili ai?

ʻO ka proton therapy kahi ʻano radiation e hoʻohana ana i nā kukuna proton ma kahi o nā X-ray. No ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū, hāʻawi kēia ʻano hana i ka hiki ke mālama maikaʻi i ka ʻōpū, hoʻonui i ka kaohi kūloko, a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka radiation photon (X-ray) maʻamau, e lilo ia i mea pono loa no nā poʻe maʻi me ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū invasive i kūpono ʻole no ke ʻoki ʻana. Hiki ke pono i kekahi mau hihia e kaupalena i ka hōʻino ʻana i nā ʻōpū a puni, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia ka lāʻau lapaʻau mua maʻamau no ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū.

He aha ka wānana no ke kanesa ʻōpū?

ʻO ke ola ʻana o ka maʻi ʻōpū mimi e pili ana i ke kahua, ka nui, a me ke olakino holoʻokoʻa.

• Nā maʻi ʻaʻai mua (Kahua 0 a me I): Kiʻekiʻe nā helu ola me ka mālama kūpono.
• Pae II a me III: ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka manawa e ho'ōla ai akā hiki nō naʻe me ka mālama koʻikoʻi.
• Pae IV: ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka mālama ʻana, akā hiki i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou ke hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ke ola.

Ma ka awelika, ʻo ka nui o ke ola ʻana he 5 makahiki no ka maʻi ʻōpū mimi ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma kahi o 77%, akā ʻokoʻa nui kēia ma muli o ke kahua.

Ka Nānā ʻana a me ka Kāohi ʻana i ke Kanesa ʻŌpū Mimi

ʻAʻohe hoʻāʻo nānā maʻamau no ka maʻi ʻaʻai mimi i loko o ka heluna kanaka maʻamau. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka poʻe i ka pilikia kiʻekiʻe ke pōmaikaʻi mai nā hoʻāʻo mimi maʻamau a i ʻole cystoscopy.

Nā ʻōlelo aʻo pale:

• E haʻalele i ka puhi pua ʻana.
• E kaupalena i ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā kemika ma kahi hana.
• E inu i ka nui o nā wai (hoʻoheheʻe i nā mea ʻino i loko o ka mimi).
• E mālama koke i nā maʻi ʻōpū mimi.

No nā maʻi maʻi honua

Hele mai nā kānaka mai nā wahi a puni o ka honua i nā Halemai Apollo no ka mālama ʻana i ke kanesa ʻōpū. E alakaʻi kā mākou hui lawelawe maʻi honua iā ʻoe mai ka ʻimi ʻana i ka pilina virtual mua a hiki i ka mālama ʻana ma India a laila hoʻi i ka home ma hope o ka mālama ʻana.

Nā lawelawe i loko o:

• Nā manaʻo lapaʻau a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana
• Ma mua o ka hōʻea ʻana i ka loiloi olakino o nā hōʻike a me nā kiʻi.
• Ka huakaʻi a me ka loiloi
• Kōkua me nā leka kono visa, nā hoʻoili mokulele, a me nā koho noho kokoke.
• Hoʻolaʻa nā mea hoʻoponopono maʻi honua e alakaʻi i kēlā me kēia pae.
• Kākoʻo ʻōlelo a moʻomeheu
• Nā lawelawe unuhi ma nā ʻōlelo he nui.
• ʻO nā wehewehe maʻalahi a maʻalahi i kēlā me kēia pae me nā hoʻolālā mālama kākau.
• Hoʻohui kālā
• ʻO nā koho a me nā pūʻolo lapaʻau maʻalahi ke hiki.
• Kākoʻo me nā ʻano uku uku honua a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻinikua.
• Ka hoʻomau o ka mālama
• Nā moʻolelo kaʻana like, kiʻi, a me nā hōʻuluʻulu lāʻau lapaʻau no nā kauka home.
• ʻO Telemedicine ka hahai ʻana no ka maʻalahi ma hope o ka hoʻi ʻana i ka home.