Kuika Bone Marrow (BMT) - Mitundu, Zizindikiro, Kachitidwe, Mtengo ku India, Zowopsa, Kuchira ndi Ubwino

Kodi Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) ndi chiyani?

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) ndi njira yachipatala yomwe mafupa owonongeka kapena odwala amasinthidwa ndi maselo athanzi a mafupa. M’mafupa ndi minyewa yofewa yomwe imapezeka pakati pa mafupa, ndipo ndi imene imapanga maselo a magazi, kuphatikizapo maselo ofiira a magazi, maselo oyera a magazi, ndi mapulateleti. Maselo a magaziwa ndi ofunika kwambiri pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana m’thupi, kuphatikizapo kunyamula mpweya wa okosijeni, chitetezo cha m’thupi, ndiponso kutsekeka kwa magazi.

Kuika mafupa ndi chithandizo chopulumutsa moyo kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mitundu ina ya khansa, matenda a magazi, ndi matenda a chitetezo cha mthupi. Njirayi imachitika pamene mafupa a wodwala sangathe kupanga maselo athanzi a magazi chifukwa cha matenda, kusokonezeka kwa majini, kapena kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda. mankhwala amphamvu kapena ma radiation therapy.

Njira ya BMT imaphatikizapo kusonkhanitsa mafupa athanzi kapena maselo a tsinde kuchokera kwa wopereka kapena kwa wodwala mwiniwake (pankhani ya autologous transplant). Maselo athanzi ameneŵa amawaika m’thupi la wodwalayo, kumene amayamba kupanga maselo athanzi a magazi. Kuika mafupa m'mafupa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda monga khansa ya m'magazi, lymphoma, ndi matenda ena a magazi.

Cholinga cha Kusintha kwa Mafupa a Bone

Cholinga chachikulu cha kuika mafupa m'mafupa ndicho kubwezeretsa kapena kukonza fupa lomwe lawonongeka kapena lomwe ladwala. Zimenezi zingathandize kubwezeretsa kupangidwa kwa maselo athanzi a magazi, kulola thupi kukhalanso ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi matenda, kunyamula mpweya wabwino, ndi kutsekereza magazi moyenera.

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya kuyika mafupa: autologous ndi allogeneic.

1. Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation: Mtundu umenewu umaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mafupa a wodwalayo kapena maselo a tsinde. Mafupa a wodwalayo amatengedwa, kusungidwa, kenaka amawaikanso m'thupi mwawo atalandira mankhwala a chemotherapy kapena ma radiation kuti athetse vuto lawo.
2. Kusintha kwa Mafupa a Allogeneic: Mumtundu uwu, wodwala amalandira mafupa kapena maselo a tsinde kuchokera kwa wopereka wathanzi. Maselo a woperekayo amafananizidwa ndi wodwalayo kutengera zizindikiro zingapo za majini kuti achepetse chiopsezo chokanidwa.

N'chifukwa Chiyani Kusintha Kwa Mafupa Kumachitidwa?

Kupatsirana kwa mafupa (BMT) kumachitidwa pofuna kuchiza matenda osiyanasiyana omwe mafupa amatha kuwonongeka kapena kuwonongeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maselo a magazi asamapangidwe bwino. Izi zitha kubweretsa zovuta zowopsa monga kuperewera kwa magazi, matenda pafupipafupindipo kutaya magazi.

BMT imathandizira:

• M'malo mwa mafupa omwe ali ndi matenda kapena owonongeka ndi maselo athanzi.
• Yambitsani kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri a chemotherapy kapena ma radiation pothandizira kuchira kwa mafupa.
• Kuchiza kapena kusintha kwambiri kusokonezeka kwa majini posintha jini yosokonekera kudzera m'maselo athanzi opereka.
• Gwiritsirani ntchito mphamvu ya chitetezo cha mthupi ya woperekayo ya “graft-versus-disease”, makamaka mu leukemia.

Zolinga Zazikulu Za Kuika Mafupa

Kusintha kwa Gene mu Genetic Disorders

Kwa zinthu ngati Thalassemia, Matenda Aakulu Odwala, ndi ndithu matenda obadwa nawo a chitetezo chamthupi, kuika fupa kumapereka chithandizo chotheka mwa kusintha jini yolakwika kapena yosowa ndi maselo athanzi. Chiwopsezo chamankhwala chimakhala chokwera kwambiri mwa odwala achichepere omwe ali ndi abale ofananirako, koma zotsatira zake zimasiyana malinga ndi kulemedwa kwa matenda komanso nthawi yomuika.

Thandizo Pa Nthawi Yochizira Khansa Yambiri

• Mankhwala a mlingo waukulu wa khansa yamagazi nthawi zambiri amawononga mafupa a wodwalayo. Kupatsirana kumathandiza kubwezeretsa m'matumbo mwamsanga, kuchepetsa mavuto monga matenda kapena kutuluka magazi.
• Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri mu autologous transplants, kumene maselo amtundu wa wodwalayo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawonekedwe a chithandizo chothandizira.

Graft-versus-Disease (GvD) Mmene Mumayatsira Allogeneic

• In allgeneic transplants, maselo a chitetezo cha mthupi angathandize kuthetsa maselo a khansa otsala. Izi kumezanitsa motsutsana ndi leukemia (GvL) zotsatira ndizothandiza makamaka ngati matenda a myeloid leukemia ndi makhansa ena obwerera m'mbuyo kapena omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.

Zomwe Zimagwiridwa ndi Bone Marrow Transplantation

• Leukemia - Khansa ngati acute myeloid leukemia (AML) ndi khansa ya m'magazi (ALL) Nthawi zambiri amathandizidwa ndi BMT, makamaka pazochitika zobwereranso, zotsutsana, kapena zowopsa kwambiri.
• Lymphoma - BMT imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma lymphomas monga Hodgkin ndi or Non-Hodgkin's samva chithandizo kapena kuyambiranso pambuyo pa chithandizo choyambirira.
• Multiple Myeloma - Ngakhale sizochiritsa, autologous BMT ndi gawo lamankhwala okhazikika ndipo imathandizira kuti munthu akhale ndi moyo wautali.
• Aplastic Anemia - Aplastic anemia ndi Kulephera kwakukulu kwa mafupa komwe BMT imabwezeretsa mphamvu yopanga maselo abwino a magazi.
• Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) - Matenda a Myelodysplastic ndi kuti BMT ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamene zovutazi zikupita patsogolo kapena kuyambitsa zizindikiro zazikulu monga matenda kapena kutuluka magazi.
• Matenda a Sickle Cell - Kwa odwala osankhidwa, kuikidwa m’mafupa a m’mafupa kungathe kuchiritsa mwa kulowetsa m’malo mwa kupanga maselo ofiira a m’magazi osokonekera.
• Thalassemia - Thalassemia makamaka mwa ana ndi achikulire omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa, BMT imapereka mwayi wochiza kwathunthu.
• Matenda ena a Genetic ndi Autoimmune -BMT ikhoza kuganiziridwa motsimikizika matenda obadwa nawo a metabolic kapena chitetezo chamthupi ndi matenda oponderezedwa osalabadira mankhwala ochiritsira.

Zizindikiro za Kuika Mphuno Yamafupa

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT), kuphatikiza onse awiri autologous (kuchokera m’thupi la wodwalayo) ndi allogenic (kuchokera kwa wopereka) transplants, amaganiziridwa pamene mankhwala ochiritsira akulephera, kapena pamene amapereka mwayi wabwino wochiritsira kapena chikhululukiro cha nthawi yaitali. Kusankha mtundu wa kumuika ndi nthawi yake zimadalira momwe wodwalayo alili, matenda, momwe angayankhire, komanso thanzi lake lonse.

Autologous Transplant

tsinde maselo anasonkhanitsidwa ku thupi la wodwalayo

• Hodgkin's ndi Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Muzochitika zomwe zabwereranso kapena zokana, autologous BMT ndi chithandizo chokhazikika ndipo, nthawi zambiri, njira yokhayo yochizira.
• angapo Myeloma: Ngakhale sikuchiritsa, kuika autologous ndi gawo lofunikira pa chithandizo choyambirira ndipo kumatalikitsa moyo.
• Matenda Oopsa a Myeloid Leukemia (AML): Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo la chithandizo chophatikiza kuti apititse patsogolo mwayi wochira pambuyo poyambira chemotherapy.

Kuyika kwa autologous nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati tsinde ya wodwalayo ilibe matenda ndipo imatha kuthandizira kuchira pambuyo pa mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri.

Allogenic Transplant

Maselo amasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera kwa wopereka (ogwirizana kapena osagwirizana)

• Thalassemia: Makamaka odwala achichepere, allogenic BMT ikhoza kupereka chithandizo chotheka.
• Aplastic Anemia Yambiri: M’mafupa akamalephera kupanga maselo okwanira a magazi, kuikidwa kwa wopereka chithandizo kungathe kubwezeretsa ntchito yabwino.
• Matenda Abadwa: Kuphatikizapo zolakwika za jini imodzi monga matenda a sickle cell kapena immunodeficiencies.
• Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): Zikavuta kapena kubwereranso pambuyo pa chithandizo chomwe mukufuna.
• AML Yachiwopsezo Chachikulu kapena Yobwereranso: Chiwopsezo choyambiranso chikakhala chachikulu kapena matenda amayambiranso pambuyo polandira chithandizo.
• Kubwereranso kwa Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): Makamaka odwala omwe alephera kulandira chithandizo choyambirira.
• Advanced kapena Refractory Hematologic Malignancies: Monga follicular lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), ndi refractory myeloma.

Zizindikiro Zowonjezera Zowonjezera

• Kulephera kwa Njira Zina: Pamene mankhwala amphamvu, ma radiation, kapena njira zina zochiritsira sizigwira ntchito.
• Matenda Owopsa kwambiri kapena Owopsa: Kwa zinthu zomwe sizingatheke kukwaniritsa chikhululukiro chokhazikika ndi mankhwala ochiritsira.
• Kubwereranso Kapena Kubwereranso kwa Khansa: Kuyesa kuchiza kapena kutalikitsa chikhululukiro matenda akabweranso.
• Matenda Osauka ndi Zosankha Zamakono: Pamene kupatsirana kwa mafupa kumapereka malingaliro abwino opulumuka.

Kuyenerera Kuyika Mafupa a Bone

Lingaliro loti alowe m'mafupa a mafupa ndilogwirizana, lopangidwa ndi gulu la madokotala osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo akatswiri a hematologists, oncologists, ndi akatswiri opangira opaleshoni. Zinthu monga thanzi lonse la wodwalayo, siteji ya matendawa, ndi kupezeka kwa wopereka woyenerera (wa ma transplant a allogeneic) amaganiziridwa. Kawirikawiri, odwala omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino ndipo amatha kulekerera njira yochiritsira kwambiri amaonedwa kuti ndi oyenerera kuti achite ntchitoyi.

Komabe, pali zinthu zina zomwe zingalepheretse wodwala kukhala woyenerera, monga:

• Matenda owopsa omwe sangathe kuwongolera
• Kulephera kwa ziwalo (mwachitsanzo, mtima, chiwindi, kapena impso kulephera)
• Ukalamba nthawi zina
• Kusowa wopereka woyenera kwa allgeneic transplants

Mitundu ya Kuika M'mafupa

Monga tanena kale, pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya kuyika mafupa: autologous ndi allogeneic. Mtundu wa kuikidwa kumene wodwala amakumana nawo umadalira momwe alili komanso zinthu zina zachipatala.

1. Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation

Mu autologous mafupa transplantation, fupa la wodwalayo kapena tsinde maselo amasonkhanitsidwa, kusungidwa, kenako kuziika m'thupi mwawo atalandira chemotherapy kapena radiation. Kuyika kwamtunduwu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zina za khansa, monga khansa ya m'magazi, lymphoma, kapena multipleeloma. Ubwino waukulu wa autologous BMT ndikuti palibe chiopsezo chokanidwa popeza maselo ndi a wodwalayo. Komabe, m’mafupa a wodwalayo ayenera kukhala athanzi mokwanira kuti atulutse maselo okwanira a magazi asanayambe kuchitidwa opaleshoniyo.

2. Kuika Mafupa a Allogeneic

Pakuyika kwa mafupa a allogeneic, maselo a tsinde kapena mafupa amatengedwa kuchokera kwa wopereka wathanzi, yemwe angakhale wachibale (m'bale, kholo) kapena osagwirizana. Maselo a woperekayo ayenera kufanana ndi zizindikiro za chibadwa cha wodwalayo kuti achepetse chiopsezo cha kukanidwa ndi matenda a graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Kuyika kwa allogeneic kumagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pamene mafupa a wodwalayo awonongeka kwambiri kapena akudwala ndipo sangathe kukonzanso maselo athanzi okha. Kuyika kwamtunduwu kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazovuta zama genetic monga sickle cell anemia.

3. Chingwe Kuika Magazi

Kuika magazi kwa chingwe ndi mtundu wina wa allogeneic transplant, momwe maselo oyambira amasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku umbilical chingwe magazi a mwana wakhanda. Magazi a chingwe ali ndi ma stem cell ambiri ndipo ndi njira yabwino ngati wopereka wamkulu woyenera palibe. Ngakhale kupatsirana magazi kwa chingwe kumakhala ndi malire, monga nthawi yotalikirapo, akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri nthawi zina, makamaka kwa odwala.

4. Syngeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation

Nthawi zina, mafupa amatha kuikidwa kuchokera ku mapasa ofanana, njira yotchedwa syngeneic bone marrow transplantation. Mtundu woterewu umakhala ndi chiopsezo chotsika kwambiri cha kukanidwa, chifukwa chibadwa chimakhala chofanana, koma chimagwira ntchito kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mapasa ofanana.

Contraindications kwa Bone Marrow Transplantation

Ngakhale kupatsirana kwa mafupa (BMT) ndi njira yopulumutsa moyo kwa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'magazi, matenda a chibadwa, ndi zofooka za chitetezo cha mthupi, sizoyenera aliyense. Chisankho chopitiriza ndi kuika mafupa m’mafupa chimaphatikizapo kulingalira mosamalitsa za thanzi lonse la wodwalayo, siteji ndi mtundu wa nthendayo, ndi kuopsa kokhalapo. Zinthu zina kapena zinthu zina zingapangitse wodwala kukhala wosayenera kuyika mafupa.

1. Matenda Oopsa

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa, osalamuliridwa sangakhale oyenera kuyika mafupa. Izi zili choncho chifukwa njira yopangira mankhwala amphamvu amphamvu kapena ma radiation omwe amafunidwa musanawaike kufooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi likhale lolimba kulimbana ndi matenda. Odwala okhawo omwe ali ndi matenda oyendetsedwa bwino kapena othetsedwa ayenera kupitiliza njirayi. Ngati matenda apezeka, ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi kuchotsedwa musanawaike.

2. Kulephera kwa chiwalo

Kuika mafupa a m'mafupa kungapangitse kuti thupi likhale lopanikizika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la mtima, chiwindi, impso, kapena mapapu sangathe kulekerera njirayi. Kulephera kwa chiwalo chimodzi kapena zingapo zofunika kwambiri kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha zovuta panthawi komanso pambuyo pa kumuika, zomwe zingakhale zoopsa. Pachifukwa ichi, kulephera kwa chiwalo ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zotsutsana kwambiri ndi BMT.

3. Zaka Zapamwamba

Ngakhale kuti msinkhu wokha siwotsutsa mtheradi, ukalamba ukhoza kuonjezera ngozi zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuyika mafupa. Akuluakulu achikulire amatha kuchira pang'onopang'ono, kuchuluka kwa matenda, komanso kuwopsa kwa zovuta, monga matenda a graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) kapena kulephera kwa ziwalo. Thanzi lonse la wodwalayo komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito zimathandizira kwambiri kudziwa ngati BMT itheka akakalamba.

4. Kudwala Kwambiri

Odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu monga matenda a shuga osalamulirika, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kapena matenda ena aakulu akhoza kukhala pachiopsezo chowonjezereka cha zovuta panthawi yomwe amuikamo. Matendawa amatha kusokoneza mphamvu ya thupi yolekerera chithandizo chamankhwala, ma radiation, ndi kuchira pambuyo pa kumuika. Asanapitirire, madokotala amawunika thanzi lonse la wodwalayo komanso kuthekera kolimbana ndi zovuta za BMT.

5. Kusowa Wopereka Woyenerera (Allogeneic Transplantation)

Kwa odwala omwe akudwala mafupa a allogeneic, kukhala ndi wopereka woyenera ndikofunikira. Maselo a tsinde la woperekayo ayenera kufanana ndi zizindikiro za chibadwa cha wodwalayo kuti achepetse chiopsezo chokanidwa kapena GVHD. Ngati wodwala alibe mchimwene wake, kholo, kapena wopereka wosagwirizana ndi chibadwa, kupeza wopereka woyenera kungakhale kovuta. Kuletsa uku kungapangitse kuti kulowetsedwa kwa allogeneic kukhala kosayenera kwa anthu ena.

6. Khansa Yogwira Ntchito Yopanda Kuyankha pa Chithandizo Choyambirira

Kwa odwala ena, kupatsirana kwa mafupa sikuvomerezeka ngati khansa yawo ili yoopsa kwambiri ndipo sanayankhepo mankhwala ena, monga chemotherapy kapena radiation. Zikatero, mwayi wopeza zotsatira zabwino zowaika ukhoza kukhala wochepa. Matendawa ayenera kukhululukidwa kapena kulamulidwa BMT isanayambe kuonedwa ngati njira yochizira.

7. Thanzi la Maganizo ndi Kusokonezeka kwa Chidziwitso

Zomwe zimachitika m'maganizo ndi m'maganizo zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kuikidwa kwa mafupa a mafupa zingakhale zofunikira, zomwe zimafuna kuti odwala azikhala okonzeka m'maganizo kuti athane ndi zovuta zomwe zikubwera. Odwala omwe ali ndi kupsinjika maganizo kwambiri, nkhawa, kapena kusokonezeka kwa chidziwitso zomwe zimawalepheretsa kumvetsetsa kapena kutsatira ndondomeko ya chithandizo akhoza kukumana ndi zovuta zina. Kuwunika kwa thanzi laubongo nthawi zambiri kumakhala gawo la kuwunika koyambirira kuti atsimikizire kuti odwala ali okonzeka m'maganizo kuti achite izi.

8. Kulephera Kuchita Mankhwala Olimbitsa Thupi Kapena Ma radiation

Odwala omwe sangathe kulekerera mlingo waukulu wa mankhwala amphamvu a chemotherapy kapena ma radiation chifukwa cha kufooka kwa thanzi labwino kapena zochitika zina zomwe sizingakhale zoyenera ku BMT. chemotherapy isanachitike komanso ma radiation ndizofunikira kuti matendawa athetse komanso kupanga malo kuti maselo atsopano alowe m'mafupa. Ngati mankhwalawa saloledwa, kumuikako sikungapambane.

Mmene Mungakonzekere Kuthira Mafupa

Kuika mafupa a mafupa ndi njira yovuta yomwe imafuna kukonzekera bwino kuti mukwaniritse zotsatira ndikuchepetsa zovuta. Njira yokonzekera imatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa kumuika (autologous vs. allogeneic) ndi momwe wodwalayo alili. Nazi mwachidule njira zomwe anthu ambiri amachitira pokonzekera kupatsirana mafupa:

1. Pre-Transplant Assessment

Asanachite BMT, odwala amawunikiridwa bwino kuti awone thanzi lawo lonse ndikuwona ngati ali oyenera kuchitapo kanthu. Kuunikaku kumaphatikizapo:

• Mayeso Athupi: Kupimidwa kwathunthu kuti muwonetsetse thanzi labwino.
• Mayesero a Magazi: Mayesero angapo a magazi kuti awone momwe chiwalo chikuyendera, kuchuluka kwa maselo a magazi, ndi zina zilizonse zomwe zingayambitse.
• Mayeso Ojambula: X-ray, CT ikuyang'anakapena MRIs atha kuchitidwa kuti awone momwe ziwalo zamkati ndi m'mafupa zilili.
• Mayesero a Ntchito ya Mtima ndi Mapapo: Chifukwa cha kupsinjika komwe BMT imayika pathupi, odwala nthawi zambiri amayesedwa mtima ndi mapapo.
• Kuwunika kwa Matenda: Kuwunika matenda omwe akugwira ntchito, monga ma virus, mabakiteriya, kapena mafangasi, kuti atsimikizire kuti athandizidwa asanawaike.
• Mental Health Evaluation: Kuwunika kwamalingaliro kuti atsimikizire kuti wodwalayo ali wokonzeka kuthana ndi zovuta za BMT.

2. Kusankha Mtundu wa Kuika Mafupa

Gulu lachipatala la wodwalayo lidzasankha ngati wodwalayo ali woyenera kuti azitha kuyika mafupa a autologous kapena allogeneic, malingana ndi chikhalidwe chawo ndi zinthu zina monga kupezeka kwa opereka. Pankhani ya allogeneic transplants, gulu lidzagwira ntchito kuti lizindikire wopereka wofanana, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kulemba kwa HLA (human leukocyte antigen).

3. Kukolola Maselo a Mafupa Kapena Mafupa a Mafupa

Kwa odwala omwe akukumana ndi BMT autologous, maselo a tsinde kapena fupa la mafupa adzakololedwa ntchito isanayambe. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi ndondomeko yotchedwa apheresis, kumene maselo a tsinde amatengedwa kuchokera m’magazi a wodwalayo pogwiritsa ntchito makina. Maselo amasungidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mtsogolo. Nthawi zina, mafupa amakololedwa mwachindunji kudzera mu singano yomwe imalowetsedwa m'fupa la wodwalayo (nthawi zambiri kuchokera mchiuno).

4. Conditioning Regimen

Asanayambe kumuika, odwala amapatsidwa mankhwala otchedwa mawonekedwe kukonza thupi ku maselo atsopano. The conditioning regimen nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo:

• mankhwala amphamvu: Mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga maselo a khansa, kuchotsa m’mafupa, ndi kupondereza chitetezo cha m’thupi.
• Mafunde: Nthawi zina, chithandizo cha radiation chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera pa mankhwala amphamvu kuti ayang'ane mbali zina za thupi zomwe matendawa amatha kufalikira.
• Mankhwala a Immunosuppressive: Ngati kumuikako ndi allogeneic, wodwalayo atha kulandira mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chitha kukana maselo a woperekayo.

5. Kukonzekera kwa Wopereka (Kwa Allogeneic Transplant)

Kwa ma transplants a mafupa a allogeneic, woperekayo amayesanso kufufuza kuti atsimikizire kuti maselo ali otetezeka komanso ogwirizana. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Mayesero a Magazi: Kuonetsetsa kugwirizana pakati pa wopereka ndi wolandira.
• Kutolere Maselo a Stem: Woperekayo amakumana ndi njira yofanana ndi apheresis, kumene maselo amasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera m'magazi awo kapena m'mafupa.

6. Kukonzekera Mwamalingaliro ndi Kothandiza

Odwala akulangizidwa kuti akonzekere mwamalingaliro ndi momwe angasinthire. Izi zikuphatikizapo kukambirana za mavuto omwe angakhalepo, kumvetsetsa nthawi yochira, kukonzekera chithandizo cha banja ndi olera, ndi kukonzekera kukhala m'chipatala.

Kupatsirana kwa Bone Marrow: Ndondomeko Yapang'onopang'ono

Kuika mafupa ndi njira zambiri zomwe zimafuna kukonzekera mosamala ndi kugwirizana. M'munsimu muli tsatanetsatane wa zomwe zimachitika ndondomekoyi isanayambe, mkati, komanso pambuyo pake.

1. Ndondomeko Isanayambe: Kukonzekera Kumuika M'mbuyo

Mayeso a pre-transplant akamalizidwa, wodwalayo amapatsidwa mankhwala (chemotherapy ndi / kapena radiation). Cholinga chachikulu cha gawo lokonzekera ndikukonzekeretsa thupi kuti lilandire maselo atsopano. Gawoli nthawi zambiri limatenga masiku angapo ndipo limafunikira kuchipatala.

2. Tsiku la Kuika Ena

Tsiku la kumuika ndi losavuta. Wodwala amapatsidwa catheter (chubu chochepa thupi) kuti apereke maselo amtundu mwachindunji m'magazi. Njira imeneyi imachitika kudzera mu njira ya IV, mofanana ndi kuikidwa magazi. Maselo a tsinde amapita ku fupa la mafupa, kumene amayamba kuchulukana ndikuyamba kupanga maselo abwino a magazi.

3. Chisamaliro cha Pambuyo Kumuika

Pambuyo pa kumuika, wodwalayo amayang'aniridwa mosamala m'malo osabala, popeza chitetezo cha mthupi chimafooka chifukwa cha mankhwala amphamvu kapena ma radiation. Njira zotsatirazi zikukhudzidwa ndi chisamaliro cha pambuyo pa transplant:

• Kuwunika: Zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa magazi, komanso kugwira ntchito kwa chiwalo kumawunikidwa pafupipafupi kuti azindikire zizindikiro zilizonse za matenda kapena zovuta.
• Chithandizo Chothandizira: Wodwala akhoza kulandira maantibayotiki, mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti asatengere matenda, limodzinso ndi kuikidwa magazi ngati n’koyenera.
• Kupewa kwa GVHD: Pazinthu zamtundu wa allogeneic, mankhwala oletsa chitetezo cha mthupi amaperekedwa kuti ateteze matenda a graft-versus-host (GVHD), mkhalidwe umene maselo opereka amapereka amaukira thupi la wodwalayo.

4. Kukondana

Engraftment ndi njira yomwe ma cell tsinde obzalidwa amayamba kukula ndi kupanga maselo atsopano a magazi. Izi zimachitika pakadutsa milungu iwiri kapena inayi mutatha kumuika, koma zimatha kutenga nthawi yayitali. Odwala amayang'aniridwa panthawiyi kuti adziwe zizindikiro za zovuta ndipo amathandizidwa ndi kuikidwa magazi kapena mankhwala ngati kuli kofunikira.

Zowopsa ndi Zovuta za Kuika Mafupa a Mafupa

Ngakhale kupatsirana mafupa ndi njira yopulumutsira moyo, kumakhudzana ndi zoopsa zingapo komanso zovuta. Kumvetsetsa zoopsazi ndikofunikira kuti odwala azitha kupanga zisankho zomveka bwino pakuchita njirayi.

1. Matenda

Chifukwa cha kuponderezedwa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi, odwala amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda. Matendawa amatha kukhala a bakiteriya, mavairasi, kapena mafangasi ndipo amatha kuchitika panthawi yamankhwala kapena panthawi yopatsirana.

2. Matenda a Graft-Versus-Host (GVHD)

Mu ma transplants a allogeneic, GVHD imachitika pamene maselo a chitetezo cha wopereka akuukira thupi la wodwalayo, poganiza kuti ndi lachilendo. GVHD imatha kukhala yowopsa kapena yosatha, ndipo imakhudza ziwalo monga khungu, chiwindi, ndi matumbo. Kuopsa kwa GVHD kumatha kusiyana, ndipo mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi vutoli.

3. Kuwonongeka kwa Ziwalo

Mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri a chemotherapy ndi ma radiation amatha kuwononga ziwalo monga chiwindi, mtima, impso, ndi mapapo. Ngakhale magulu azachipatala amasamala kuti achepetse kuwonongeka kwa chiwalo, zimakhalabe pachiwopsezo chomwe chingakhalepo panthawiyi.

4. Kukana Kumezanitsa

Nthawi zina, thupi la wodwalayo akhoza kukana kuziika tsinde maselo, makamaka allogeneic transplants. Kukana kungayambitsidwe ndi kusokonekera kwa chitetezo chamthupi ndipo nthawi zambiri amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chathupi.

5. Kutaya magazi ndi Kuperewera kwa magazi m'thupi

Panthawi yochira, odwala amatha kutaya magazi kapena kuchepa kwa magazi chifukwa cha kuchira pang'onopang'ono kwa maselo a magazi. Nthawi zambiri kuikidwa magazi kumafunika nthawi imeneyi.

6. Makhansa Achiwiri

Nthawi zina, odwala amatha kukhala ndi khansa yachiwiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mankhwala a chemotherapy kapena ma radiation omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakumuika. Kuwunika pafupipafupi ndikofunikira kuti muzindikire ndi kuchiza khansa iliyonse yatsopano msanga.
 

Kuchira Pambuyo pa Kuika Mafupa a Bone

Kuika mafupa a mafupa (BMT) ndi njira yovuta komanso yovuta, ndipo kuchira kumatha kusiyana kwambiri malinga ndi zinthu monga thanzi lonse la wodwalayo, zaka, mtundu wa kuika (autologous vs. allogeneic), ndi zovuta zilizonse panthawiyi. Kumvetsetsa nthawi yochira komanso kutsatira malangizo a pambuyo pake ndikofunikira kuti pakhale zotsatira zabwino ndikuwonetsetsa kuti machiritso akuyenda bwino.

Nthawi Yochira Mwamsanga (Masiku mpaka Masabata Pambuyo pa Kumuika)

Masabata angapo oyambirira pambuyo pa kuikidwa m'mafupa ndi ovuta kwambiri. Panthawi imeneyi, chitetezo cha mthupi cha wodwalayo chimakhalabe chosokoneza chifukwa cha mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri a chemotherapy kapena radiation therapy, ndipo zimatenga nthawi kuti maselo a tsinde ayambe kutulutsa maselo athanzi a magazi.

• Kukhala Pachipatala: Odwala ambiri amayenera kukhala m'chipatala kwa 2 mpaka masabata a 4 mutatha kuikidwa. Kukhala kumeneku ndikofunikira pakuwunika kuchira, kupewa ndikuwongolera matenda, komanso kuthandizira chitetezo chamthupi pamene chikuchira pang'onopang'ono.
• Kukhalitsa: Engraftment ndi njira yomwe maselo a tsinde oikidwa amayamba kukula ndi kupanga maselo a magazi. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika pakatha milungu iwiri kapena inayi mutamuika, koma zimatha kutenga nthawi yayitali. Kuthiridwa mwazi kungakhale kofunikira panthaŵi imeneyi kuthandiza wodwalayo kukhalabe ndi chiŵerengero chokwanira cha maselo a mwazi.
• Chiwopsezo cha matenda: Odwala aziyang'aniridwa mosamala ngati ali ndi matenda panthawiyi. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chitetezo chamthupi, matenda amadetsa nkhawa kwambiri, ndipo maantibayotiki, antifungal, ndi antivayirasi nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa kuti apewe zovuta.
• Thandizo Labwino: Thandizo la zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndi lofunika kwambiri panthawi yochira, makamaka popeza wodwalayo akhoza kutaya chilakolako, nseru, kapena zilonda pakamwa. Katswiri wazakudya amathandizira kupanga zakudya zopatsa thanzi kuti zithandizire kuchira komanso thanzi labwino.

Nthawi Yochira Yapakatikati (Miyezi 1 mpaka 3 Pambuyo Pomuwatsira)

Maselo a tsinde a wodwalayo akayamba kugwira ntchito bwino, cholinga chochira chimasinthiratu kuti chithandizire kukhala ndi thanzi labwino komanso kulimbitsa mphamvu. Gawoli ndilofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera zotsatira zoyipa ndikuyambitsanso zochitika zanthawi zonse.

• Kubwezeretsa kwa Immune System: Zitha kutenga miyezi ingapo kuti chitetezo chamthupi chibwerere bwino. Odwala nthawi zambiri amafunikira kumwa mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi kuti apewe matenda a graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) mu transplants allogeneic.
• Thandizo la Thupi: Chifukwa cha chikhalidwe champhamvu cha chithandizo ndi nthawi yotalikirapo kuchipatala, odwala ambiri amafooka ndi kutopa. Thandizo lolimbitsa thupi ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zambiri zimalimbikitsidwa kuti mukhalenso ndi mphamvu komanso kuyenda.
• Maudindo Otsatira: Kuyendera pafupipafupi ndi a kuika gulu liyenera kuyang'anira momwe zikuyendera, kuyang'anira matenda, ndi kuyesa ntchito ya chiwalo. Maulendowa ndi ofunikira kuti muzindikire zovuta zilizonse msanga.

Kuchira Kwa Nthawi Yaitali (Miyezi 3 mpaka 12 Pambuyo pa Kumuika)

Kuchira kumapitirirabe kupitirira nthawi yomwe adagonekedwa kuchipatala, ndipo odwala ena amafunikira chaka chimodzi kapena kuposerapo kuti athe kuyambiranso mphamvu ndi thanzi lawo asanawasinthire.

• Kuphatikizidwanso muzochita Zachizolowezi: Pofika miyezi 3 mpaka 6, odwala ambiri amayamba kubwerera kuntchito, ngakhale angafunikirebe kuchepetsa kukhudzana ndi anthu, kupewa zakudya zina, komanso kutsatira malangizo opewera matenda.
• Kumanganso kwa Immune System: Chitetezo cha mthupi cha wodwalayo chidzapitirirabe bwino pakapita nthawi, ndipo katemera wokhazikika angafunike ngati gawo la chisamaliro chokhazikika.
• Chithandizo Chothandizira: Odwala ena angafunike kumwa mankhwala nthawi zonse kuti athe kuthana ndi mavuto aakulu monga GVHD, kuchepa kwa magazi, kapena vuto la chiwalo. Kuwunika kwa nthawi yayitali kudzafunika.

Malangizo kwa Aftercare

• Kupewa MatendaPewani kukhudzana ndi odwala, sambani m'manja pafupipafupi, ndipo tsatirani malangizo oletsa matenda monga momwe gulu lachipatala likunenera.
• Kuwunika Zizindikiro: Yang'anirani zizindikiro za zovuta monga kutentha thupi, zotupa pakhungu, kutuluka magazi kwachilendo, kapena kutopa kosalekeza, ndipo dziwitsani dokotala mwachangu.
• Kusunga Chakudya Chathanzi: Yang'anani pazakudya zokhala ndi michere kuti zithandizire chitetezo chamthupi ndikuchira. Zakudya zing'onozing'ono, kawirikawiri zimakhala zosavuta kulekerera panthawi yochira.
• Kuthandizirana: Si zachilendo kukhala ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana pambuyo pomuika. Thandizo lamaganizo ndi uphungu zingathandize odwala kuthana ndi zovuta zamaganizo panthawi yochira.

Ubwino Wa Kuthira Mfupa

Kuika mafupa a mafupa kumapindulitsa kwambiri, makamaka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mitundu ina ya khansa kapena matenda a magazi. Kwa anthu ambiri, itha kukhala chithandizo chopulumutsa moyo, kupereka mwayi woti akhululukidwe kwa nthawi yayitali kapenanso kuchiritsa.

1. Kubwezeretsa Kapangidwe ka Maselo Amagazi Abwino

Ubwino wina waukulu wa kuika mafupa m'mafupa ndi kubwezeretsanso kupanga maselo athanzi a magazi. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda monga khansa ya m'magazi, lymphoma, kapena aplastic anemia nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto lalikulu la maselo a magazi, zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa magazi, kutopa, matenda, ndi magazi. Pambuyo pa BMT yopambana, maselo a tsinde oikidwawo amayamba kupanga maselo ofiira a magazi, maselo oyera a magazi, ndi mapulateleti, zomwe zimathandiza kuti thupi la wodwalayo lizigwira ntchito bwino.

2. Kuthekera Kwa Kukhululukidwa Kwa Nthawi Yaitali Kapena Kuchiritsidwa

Kwa odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi khansa yamagazi monga khansa ya m'magazi kapena lymphoma, kupatsirana kwa mafupa kungayambitse kukhululukidwa kwa nthawi yaitali kapena kuchiritsidwa. Mwa kusintha mafupa owonongeka kapena odwala ndi maselo athanzi, BMT imachotsa chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa, kupereka mpata woyambitsa mwatsopano komanso kupititsa patsogolo kwambiri kupulumuka.

3. Moyo Wabwino Kwambiri

Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu lamagazi kapena mikhalidwe monga matenda a sickle cell kapena thalassemia, kuikidwa m'mafupa kungathandize kwambiri kuti moyo ukhale wabwino. Kupititsa patsogolo bwino kumachepetsa nthawi zambiri zowawa, kugonekedwa m'chipatala, ndi kuikidwa magazi, zomwe zimathandiza odwala kuti abwerere kuzinthu zachizolowezi ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino.

4. Chithandizo cha Matenda a Genetic

Kuphatikiza pa khansa, BMT ingakhalenso njira yochizira matenda ena obadwa nawo kapena obadwa nawo, monga sickle cell anemia ndi kwambiri kuphatikiza immunodeficiency (SCID). Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mikhalidwe imeneyi, kupititsa patsogolo bwino kungapereke chithandizo, kuthetsa kufunika kosamalira moyo wonse komanso kupititsa patsogolo moyo.

5. Ntchito Yowonjezera Yachitetezo cha Chitetezo

Kuika mafupa a mafupa kumathandizanso kubwezeretsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la chitetezo chamthupi kapena omwe adalandira chithandizo chamankhwala. Mafupa atsopanowa amapanga maselo oyera a magazi, omwe amathandiza thupi kulimbana ndi matenda komanso kukhala ndi thanzi labwino.

Kuika Bone Marrow vs. Njira Zina

Nthawi zina, pangakhale njira zina zopangira mafupa. Njira zina izi zimadalira momwe akuchiritsira komanso thanzi la wodwalayo.

1. Chemotherapy Yokha

Pazovuta zina za khansa, chemotherapy yokha ikhoza kukhala njira ina kuposa BMT. Chemotherapy imatha kupha maselo a khansa ndipo nthawi zina kubwezeretsa m'mafupa. Komabe, pazovuta kwambiri za khansa ya m'magazi kapena lymphoma, BMT ikhoza kukhala njira yokhayo yopezera chikhululukiro cha nthawi yaitali. Ngakhale chemotherapy imagwira ntchito nthawi zina, sikubwezeretsa mafupa a mafupa monga BMT imachitira.

2. Stem Cell Therapy

Stem cell therapy ndi njira yomwe ikubwera m'malo mwa kupatsirana kwa mafupa achikhalidwe. Nthawi zina, ma cell stem amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda amagazi polowetsa mwachindunji maselo athanzi m'thupi. Komabe, BMT ikadali njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakubwezeretsanso maselo ogwirira ntchito, makamaka pochiza khansa yamagazi.

Mtengo Wosinthira Bone Marrow ku India

Mtengo woika mafuta m'mafupa (BMT) ku India nthawi zambiri umachokera ku ₹15,00,000 mpaka ₹30,00,000. Mitengo ingasiyane malinga ndi chipatala, malo, mtundu wa zipinda, ndi zovuta zomwe zimachitika.  

• Kuika Bone Marrow mu Zipatala za Apollo India kumapereka ndalama zochepetsera mtengo poyerekeza ndi mayiko a Kumadzulo, ndi nthawi yoikidwa mwamsanga komanso nthawi yabwino yochira.
• Onani njira zotsika mtengo za Bone Marrow Transplantation ku India ndi kalozera wofunikira kwa odwala ndi osamalira
• Kudziwa mtengo wake weniweni, tiuzeni tsopano.   

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri (FAQ)

1. Kodi ndiyenera kudya chiyani ndisanalowetse m'mafupa ndi pambuyo pake (BMT)?
 BMT isanachitike, zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso zopatsa thanzi zimathandizira thupi lanu kuthana ndi chithandizo. Pambuyo pa kuikidwa, chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chimaponderezedwa, kotero muyenera kutsatira zakudya za neutropenic - kupewa zakudya zosaphika kapena zosaphika. Ku zipatala za Apollo, akatswiri azakudya amapanga mapulani ake kuti awonetsetse kuti ali ndi thanzi labwino akachira.

2. Kodi odwala okalamba angathe kuikidwa m'mafupa?
 Inde, odwala okalamba amatha kuikidwa m'mafupa, malinga ndi msinkhu wawo, ntchito ya ziwalo, ndi comorbidities. Ku zipatala za Apollo, wodwala aliyense amawunikiridwa asanamuikepo kuti awone ngati akuyenera komanso kuchepetsa zoopsa.

3. Kodi kuika mafupa m'mafupa ndikotetezeka kwa odwala onenepa kwambiri?
 Kuika mafupa a m'mafupa kumatha kuchitidwa mosamala kwa odwala onenepa kwambiri, koma pamafunika kuwunika mosamala ndikuwongolera zoopsa zomwe zingachitike monga matenda amtima komanso kuchiritsa mabala. Zipatala za Apollo zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana pofuna kupititsa patsogolo thanzi la odwala kale, panthawi, komanso pambuyo pa BMT kuti zitsimikizire zotsatira zabwino kwambiri.

4. Kodi odwala matenda a shuga angathe kuikidwa m'mafupa bwinobwino?
 Inde, odwala matenda a shuga amatha kuikidwa m'mafupa. Komabe, matenda a shuga amayenera kuyendetsedwa bwino musanachite njirayi kuti achepetse chiopsezo cha matenda ndi zovuta pakuchira. Zipatala za Apollo zimapereka chisamaliro chapadera kuti aziwunika kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi munthawi yonseyi.

5. Kodi kupatsirana kwa mafupa kumayendetsedwa bwanji kwa odwala omwe ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi (kuthamanga kwa magazi)?
 Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa amatha kuikidwa m'mafupa mosatetezeka ndi kuwongolera bwino kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi. Magulu a akatswiri a chipatala cha Apollo amawunika mosamala ndikuchiza matenda oopsa asanafike komanso pambuyo pa BMT kuti achepetse kuopsa kwa mtima ndikuthandizira kuchira bwino.

6. Kodi ndingatenge mimba pambuyo poika mafupa?
 Mimba pambuyo pa BMT ndizotheka, koma mankhwala ena a chemotherapy ndi ma radiation omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi ya chithandizo amatha kusokoneza chonde. Chipatala cha Apollo chimapereka upangiri wosamalira chonde komanso chithandizo cha uchembele ndi ubereki pambuyo pa kumuika.

7. Kodi ana amafunikira chisamaliro chotani panthawi ya BMT ndi pambuyo pake?
 Odwala ana amafunikira kuwunika koyenera, chithandizo chamalingaliro, ndi njira zopewera matenda. Apollo Hospitals ali ndi mayunitsi apadera a ana a BMT kuti athe kusamalira zosowa zapadera za odwala achichepere.

8. Kodi ndingandiike m'mafupa ngati ndinachitidwapo opareshoni m'mbuyomu?
 Inde, maopaleshoni am'mbuyomu saletsa BMT, koma ndikofunikira kudziwitsa gulu lanu loikamo. Maopaleshoni okhudza mapapo, mtima, kapena pamimba angakhudze momwe thupi lanu limavomerezera chemotherapy kapena anesthesia. Zipatala za Apollo zimawunika mbiri yotere mosamalitsa asanapitirize.

9. Kodi zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti munthu achire pambuyo pa kuikidwa m'mafupa?
 Kuchira pambuyo pa BMT kumasiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri kumatenga miyezi 3-12. Kuchira msanga kumaphatikizapo kugonekedwa m’chipatala ndi njira zodzitetezera kudzipatula, zotsatiridwa ndi kuyezedwa kaŵirikaŵiri. Zipatala za Apollo zimapereka njira zotsatirira zowunikira kuchira komanso kupewa zovuta.

10. Kodi ndi zotsatirapo zotani za nthawi yaitali za kuika mafupa a mafupa?
 Odwala ena amatha kukhala ndi matenda ophatikizika ndi ogwidwa (GVHD), kusabereka, kutopa, kapena khansa yachiwiri. Kutsata kwanthawi yayitali ku zipatala za Apollo kumaphatikizapo kuyezetsa pafupipafupi komanso chisamaliro chothandizira kuthana ndi zotsatira za BMT mochedwa.

11. Kodi ndimakonzekeretsa bwanji banja langa kuikidwa m’mafupa?
 Kukonzekeretsa banja lanu kumaphatikizapo kuwaphunzitsa za kutalika kwa nthawi, kuopsa kwake, kudzipatula, ndi kulimbikitsana maganizo komwe kumafunikira. Zipatala za Apollo zimapereka upangiri wamabanja komanso mwayi wopeza anthu ogwira ntchito zachipatala komanso oyang'anira opititsa patsogolo.

12. Kodi ndingabwerere kuntchito pambuyo poika fupa?
 Inde, odwala ambiri amatha kubwerera kuntchito mkati mwa miyezi 3-6 pambuyo pa BMT, malingana ndi kuchira kwawo ndi chikhalidwe cha ntchito. Magulu osamalira a Apollo amathandiza kuwunika ngati kuli kotetezeka, nthawi zambiri kuyambira ndi ntchito zanthawi yochepa kapena zosinthidwa.

13. Kodi kuika mafupa m'mafupa ndi njira yothetsera vutoli?
 Nthawi zambiri, kupatsirana kwa mafupa kumapereka chithandizo chotheka, makamaka ku matenda ena a leukemia, lymphomas, ndi matenda a majini. Komabe, chiopsezo choyambiranso kapena zovuta zilipo, zomwe zimafuna kutsatiridwa kwa nthawi yaitali ku Apollo Hospitals.

14. N'chifukwa chiyani odwala padziko lonse ayenera kuganizira za kupatsirana kwa mafupa ku India?
 India imapereka kusintha kwa mafupa padziko lonse lapansi pamtengo wochepa poyerekeza ndi US, UK, kapena Europe. Ku zipatala za Apollo, odwala amalandira chisamaliro chokhazikika padziko lonse lapansi, ntchito zovomerezeka za JCI, ndi ogwirizanitsa zinenero zambiri kuti awatsogolere. Ndi nthawi yayifupi yodikirira komanso zomangamanga zapamwamba, India yakhala likulu la BMT padziko lonse lapansi.

15. Kodi zipatala za Apollo zimasiyana bwanji ndi zipatala zakunja zoika mafupa a mafupa?
Zipatala za Apollo zimapereka zotulukapo ndi chisamaliro chabwino chofananira ndi zipatala zapamwamba zapadziko lonse lapansi. Akatswiri athu ophunzitsidwa bwino zapadziko lonse lapansi, njira zapamwamba zowongolera matenda, komanso chisamaliro chotsata munthu payekha zimapangitsa Apollo kukhala chisankho chokondedwa kwa odwala ochokera m'maiko opitilira 120. Kuphatikizika kwa ukatswiri, kukwanitsa kukwanitsa, komanso chithandizo chonse chimatipangitsa kukhala malo apamwamba kwa apaulendo azachipatala omwe akufuna BMT.

16. Ndani angakhale wopereka chithandizo cha Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplant?
Opereka ndalama nthawi zambiri amakhala abale chifukwa amatha kukhala ofanana kwambiri, ngakhale opereka osagwirizana nawo amathanso kuganiziridwa. Kufananiza kumachitika ndi kuyezetsa magazi, ndipo woperekayo ayenera kukhala ndi thanzi labwino atapimidwa mokwanira ndi dokotala kuti atsimikizire chitetezo.

17. Kodi maselo a m'mafupa amatengedwa bwanji kuchokera kwa wopereka?
Mphuno ya mafupa imasonkhanitsidwa pansi pa anesthesia kuchokera ku mafupa a m'chiuno. Woperekayo amatha kugona m'chipatala ndikumva kuwawa pang'ono kwa masiku angapo. Kuchepetsa ululu kumaperekedwa ngati pakufunika.

18. Kodi maselo ozungulira magazi amasonkhanitsidwa bwanji?
Ma cell stem amasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera m'magazi pogwiritsa ntchito makina otchedwa centrifuge woperekayo atalandira jakisoni watsiku ndi tsiku wa zinthu zakukulira. Magazi amatengedwa kuchokera ku mkono umodzi, tsinde maselo amalekanitsidwa, ndipo ena onse a magazi amabwezedwa kudzera mkono wina.

19. Kodi Umbilical Cord Transplantation ndi chiyani ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito liti?
Magazi a umbilical, olemera mu maselo a tsinde, amatengedwa kuchokera ku placenta ndi umbilical chingwe pambuyo pobereka. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poika mafupa ngati wopereka m'mafupa oyenera palibe, makamaka kwa ana ndi achichepere. Kuika magazi m'chingwe kungayambitse zotsatira zochepa za immunological ndipo kumafuna kufananitsa kocheperako.

20. Nkaambo nzi ncotukonzya kwiiya kucinca ncotweelede kubikkila maano?
Ngati machesi achibale palibe, opereka osagwirizana angapezeke kudzera m'mabuku a mayiko ndi akunja. Gulu losinthira zipatala za Apollo limathandiza odwala kusaka m'ma registrywa ndikugwirizanitsa mafanizidwe opereka ndalama kuti apeze zoyenera kuchita.

21. Kodi ndikhala m’chipatala mpaka liti chifukwa choikidwa m’mafupa?
Kukhala kuchipatala kwa BMT nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 3 mpaka masabata a 6, kutengera momwe wodwalayo alili komanso zovuta zilizonse. Nthawiyi ikuphatikiza gawo lokhazikitsira, kumuika, ndikuchira msanga moyang'aniridwa ndi achipatala ku Apollo Hospitals.

22. Kodi matenda a graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) ndi chiyani? Kodi amachizidwa bwanji?
GVHD imachitika pamene maselo a chitetezo cha mthupi a woperekayo aukira minofu ya wolandirayo. Zitha kukhala zowopsa kapena zosatha, zomwe zimakhudza khungu, chiwindi, ndi matumbo. Zipatala za Apollo zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zotsogola zochizira chitetezo chamthupi ndikuwunika mosamala kuti athe kusamalira ndi kuchiza GVHD moyenera.

23. Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe ndiyenera kuchita ndikangotuluka?
Pambuyo pa kutulutsa, odwala ayenera kutsata njira zopewera matenda, kukhala aukhondo, kupewa malo okhala ndi anthu ambiri, komanso kutsatira ndondomeko yamankhwala. Kutsata pafupipafupi ku zipatala za Apollo kumapangitsa kuti azindikire komanso kuthana ndi zovuta zilizonse.

24. Kodi pali chithandizo chamaganizo kapena maganizo chomwe chilipo?
Inde, kuchita BMT kungakhale kovuta m'maganizo. Apollo Hospitals amapereka uphungu, magulu othandizira, ndi chithandizo chamaganizo kwa odwala ndi mabanja awo kuti athe kulimbana ndi kupsinjika maganizo komanso kusintha maganizo paulendo wonse womuika.

25. Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zimene zimachititsa kuti munthu ayenerere kuikidwa m'mafupa?
Kuyenerera kumadalira zinthu monga thanzi lonse la wodwala, mtundu ndi siteji ya matenda, ntchito ya chiwalo, zaka, ndi kupezeka kwa wopereka woyenera. Zipatala za Apollo zimayesa mwatsatanetsatane kuti zitsimikizire ngati BMT ndi njira yoyenera.

26. Kodi chipambano kapena chiwopsezo cha kupulumuka pambuyo pa kuikidwa kwa mafupa ndi chiyani?
Kupambana kumasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa matenda, zaka za odwala, komanso thanzi lonse. Ku zipatala za Apollo, chiwopsezo cha kupulumuka chikufanana ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi, ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza pakuwongolera zotulukapo za chisamaliro. Gulu lanu loikamo lidzakambirana mwatsatanetsatane za momwe mungadziwire.

Kutsiliza

Kuika m'mafupa ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri komanso yopulumutsa moyo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'magazi komanso matenda ena amtundu. Ngakhale kuti ndondomekoyi ndiyofunika, imapereka mwayi wokhululukidwa kwa nthawi yaitali komanso moyo wabwino. Ndi kukonzekera koyenera, kuyang'anitsitsa mosamala, ndi ndondomeko yothandizira kuchira, odwala ambiri amatha kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, wokhutira pambuyo pa ndondomekoyi. Nthawi zonse funsani akatswiri azachipatala kuti mukambirane zomwe mukufuna komanso kudziwa njira yabwino yochitira.