.png)
- I-Pathology lelinye lamacandelo aphantsi kweenkonzo zaselabhoratri engoyena mmiselo uphambili woxilongo kwaye uqikelele ngekhosi enokubakho yezonyango, ngaloo ndlela ibumba isiseko solawulo.
- Iisampulu ezifunyenwe yilabhoratri ye-pathology zilungiswa ngokulungiswa kwezicubu ezilandelwa kukulungiswa ngobuchule obusinceda ukuba sihlalutye izicubu phantsi kwe-microscope. Ithishu emiswe ngokufanelekileyo kunye necwangcisiweyo ivumela ukugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo kwezicubu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwethishu kuphando olongezelelweyo, kubandakanywa ne-Immunohistochemistry kunye nezifundo ze-molecular.
- Iintlobo eziphambili zesampulu ezifunyenwe kwilebhu ye-pathology ziquka imizekelo emikhulu yamalungu ephela okanye amalungu awo, asuswa ngexesha lotyando, Iingceba zethishu endaweni yokususwa kwamalungu onke njenge-biopsies njenge-excision biopsies -izicubu zisuswa ngescalpel (umz. Ukukhutshwa kwesikhumba kwi-mole ekrokrayo), i-core biopsy- inaliti ifakwe kwisisindo esikrokrelekayo ukususa umbindi wethishu enokuthi kuhlolwa ngemakroskopu (umz. ukuphanda iqhuma lebele) kunye noxilongo lomongo wethambo ngeenjongo zokuxilonga.
- Ukuxilongwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nesimo somda ngexesha lotyando (uvavanyo lwe-intraoperative), icandelo elifriziwe lenziwa. Oku kuvumela ugqirha wotyando ukuba agqibe ngobungakanani botyando kwindawo yotyando ngokwalo.
-
Immunohistochemistry
- I-Immunohistochemistry yindlela yaselabhoratri esetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ii-antigens ezithile (iiprotheyini) kwizicubu zeeseli ezisekelwe ekuqaphelisweni kwe-antigen-antibody. Iingcali ze-pathologists zisebenzisa i-IHC ukuxilonga ukuba i-tumor inobungozi okanye iyingozi, ukumisela inqanaba kunye nebakala, kunye nokuchonga uhlobo lweseli kunye nemvelaphi ye-metastasis ukwenzela ukufumana indawo ye-tumor yokuqala.
- Senza i-Immunohistochemistry sisebenzisa iqonga elizisebenzelayo ngokupheleleyo lokuxilonga, iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zokuxela kwangaphambili kunye nokuxela kwangaphambili kwisifo somhlaza. Sineephaneli ezenzelwe i-carcinomas, sarcomas kunye ne-lymphomas. Iphaneli yethu ye-hormone receptor ifumaneka njenge
- Iimpawu zePaneli yeLymphoma CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5,CD7,CD8, CD10 ,CD15, CD20,CD21,CD23,CD30, CD43, CD56, CD68, CD79a, CD138, LCA, LMP, BCL2,BCL6, MUM-1, Oct. -2, BOB -1, CYCLIND1, CD138, KAPPA, I-LAMBDA, c-Myc, ALK kunye ne-Non Lymphoma Panel abamakishi ALKD5F3, CD31 ,CD34, CD99, CK,CK(HMW), CK7, CK20, CK5/6, CK8/18, EMA, GATA-3, Glypican – 3, GCDFP -15, SMA, MSA, PSA, PSAP, PLAP, VIMENTIN, DESMIN, HMB45, HER2NEU, CA125,CALDESMON, ,INHIBIN ALPHA,CALRETININ, BEREP4, TTF, GCDFP15, CKIT, CEA(Monoclonal), CEA (polyclonal), SYNAPTOPHYSIN, CHROMOGRANIN, MPOROGRANIN, MPOROGRANIN, MPOGRANIN, MPOGRANIN, MPOGRANIN,100 MART1,MYOD1,CK19,CDX2,BETACATENIN,CD1a,AMACAR,ANNEXIN,ARGINASE,CD56,HHV8,IgG4,IgG,EMA,PAX-8, PD-1,RCC,S100,SAT-B2,SOX-10,SOX- 11, GFAP, IDH-1, ATRX, NF, OLIG-2, P53, P63, KI67, EBER -ISH, MLH-1, MSH-2, PMS-2, MSH-6,BRAF, D240, CKIT, DOG-1, E-cadherin, GRANZYME-B, HEP- 1, IgG, IgG4, INI-1, RCC, SALL4, STAT-6,WT-1, FLI.
- Senza ngokubanzi i-neuro-oncology iiphaneli ze-immunohistochemistry ze-central nervous system tumors. Ukongeza, ilabhoratri yethu ikwasebenzisa iimvavanyo ezifana ne-situ hybridization ye-Epstein-Barr Virus, iPaneli yokuZinzisa kweMicrosatellite, uvavanyo lwe-BRAF, kunye novavanyo lwe-PD-L1 (SP142 kunye ne-SP263), ezidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni ulawulo lwezigulane ngokujoliswe kuko ngonyango ekujoliswe kulo.
- ICytology
- Inkqubo yesiqhelo kunye ne-ultrasound-guided fine aspiration procedures. Ulwelo kunye namaqhekeza amancinci kakhulu ezithishu (iiseli zomntu ngamnye endaweni yamaqela eeseli, umz. ngaphakathi kulwelo olusuka kumphunga) zinokufunyanwa ngokuphefumla inaliti. Oku kwenziwa kusetyenziswa inaliti encinci kunaleyo isetyenziswa kwi-core biopsy kodwa ngobuchule obufanayo. Olu hlobo lwemathiriyeli ludla ngokuba lulwelo kunokuba luqine kwaye lungeniswa kwi-cytology kune-histology.
- I-Cytology ibandakanya ukulungiswa kwezilayidi kunye nokunika ingxelo nge-gynecology (Pap smears) kunye neesampulu ezingezizo eze-gynaecological (ulwelo lomzimba kunye nolwelo lwe-cerebrospinal). Senza i-Liquid Based Cytology sisebenzisa inkqubo ye-semi-automated ukwenza ukusabalalisa okufanayo kweeseli ze-epithelial ezisenza sikwazi ukubonelela ngeziphumo ezanelisayo kakhulu. Sikwasebenzisa ii-cell blocks njengesiqhelo esidibanisa ne-cytological smears yesiqhelo eyenzelwe uviwo lwe-fluid. Ezi bhloko zeeseli zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwi-immunohistochemistry kunye nezifundo zemolekyuli.
- I-Haemato-oncology
- Isebe eligxile kwigazi kunye nomhlaza onxulumene negazi elithatha malunga ne-10% yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza. Isuka kumathambo ethambo, eyona nto iphambili yokuvelisa igazi kwaye ichaphazela ukuveliswa kunye nokusebenza kweeseli zegazi. Igazi lenziwa ziintlobo ezintathu zeeseli: Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi kunye neePlatelets. Kwimeko yomhlaza, inkqubo yokuvelisa igazi iyaphazamiseka ngenxa yokukhula kohlobo olungaqhelekanga lweseli yegazi. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo ziquka:
- ILeukemia: Oku kubangelwa kukuveliswa ngokukhawuleza kweeseli zegazi ezingaqhelekanga kumongo wethambo, nto leyo echaphazela amandla omongo wethambo ukuvelisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye neeplatelet.
- I<em>Lymphoma: Olu luhlobo lomhlaza wegazi ochaphazela inkqubo ye<em>lymphatic system, enoxanduva lokuvelisa i<em>lymphocyte (uhlobo lweseli emhlophe yegazi elwa nosulelo) nokukhupha ulwelo olugqithiseleyo emzimbeni. Ukukhula okungalawulekiyo kwezi lymphocytes ezingaqhelekanga kubangela i-lymphoma esasazeka kwii-lymph nodes kunye nezinye izicubu.
- I-Myeloma: Luhlobo lomhlaza wegazi ochaphazela iiseli ze-plasma (iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezijongene nokuveliswa kwezifo ezilwa nezifo emzimbeni), okukhokelela kumajoni omzimba abuthathaka.
- I-Flow Cytometry:
- I-oncology ye-Haemato ixhotyiswe ngemeko yobugcisa Umatshini we-Flow Cytometry ojonga izinto ezithile (amanqaku / amajoni omzimba) okanye kwiiseli ezinceda ukuchonga ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zeeseli. Olu vavanyo lunokusetyenziselwa ukubona ukuba ii-lymphocytes kwisampulu yegazi zineeseli ze-CLL. Ngokufanayo, i-flow Cytometry ingasetyenziselwa ukukhangela iiseli ezimhlophe ezingaqhelekanga ezibizwa ngokuba kuqhushumbo nokuba kumongo wethambo okanye kwigazi le-peripheral. Olu qhushumbo, xa lufunyenwe ngamanani amakhulu egazini leperipheral okanye umongo wethambo, kuthiwa yi-acute Leukemia. I-Flow Cytometry ikwavumela ukuchongwa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeLeukemia. Emva kokonyango, ukuhamba kwe-Cytometry kungasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukuba ukuqhuma kusekho okanye kupheliswe ngokupheleleyo yi-chemotherapy. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukufunyanwa kwesifo esincinci sentsalela okanye i-MRD. I-Flow Cytometry inokuxilonga i-Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma kwii-Lymph Nodes ezinovakalelo oluphezulu kunye neenkcukacha ezithile kunye nezinye ii-Non -Hodgkin lymphomas apho uvavanyo lokuhlola lunokwenziwa ukufumanisa ukuba i-lymphoma ikhona okanye ayikho. I-Flow Cytometry isetyenziselwa i-Immunophenotyping yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zesampulu, kubandakanya igazi elipheleleyo, umongo wethambo, ulwelo lwe-serous cavity, ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal, umchamo, kunye nezicubu eziqinileyo.
- Kwi-Flow Cytometry, isampuli yeeseli ezivela kwi-biopsy, i-cytology specimen, okanye isampuli yegazi iphathwa ngee-antibodies ezikhethekileyo. I-antibody nganye inamathela kuphela kwiintlobo ezithile zeeseli ezinee-antigens ezihambelana nayo. Ngokwesiqhelo, konke okufunekayo ukuchonga uhlobo oluthile lweseli kukwenza i-antibody ye-monoclonal ukuze iqaphele loo seli. Emva koko idayi ye-fluorescent idityaniswe kwi-antibody, kwaye i-Cytometry egelezayo inokufumana zonke iiseli ezijoliswe ngu-antibody. Iiseli ke zigqithiselwa phambi komqadi welaser ukuvelisa iiploti zedatha eziluncedo ukuze icytometrist enobuchule itolike. Iphaneli yeAcute Leukemia Panel- B-Lymphoid Markers & Acute Myeloid Leukemia Panel B-Lymphoid Markers ibandakanya iCD10, CD19, CD20, CD22, Nuclear TDT T- Lymphoid kunye neNK Markers CD1a, CD 2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7, CD8, CD56 Iimpawu zeMyeloid CD13, CD15, CD16,CD33, CD117 Monocytic Markers CD4, CD11b, CD14, CD64 Cytoplasmic Markers – MPO, CD79a and CD3 Non-Lineage specifications CD34, HLA DR, CD45, Myeloma Panel Cyto Kappa, cyto Lambda, CD56, CD10, CD38, CD138, CD19 CD28 & CD20, Chronic B Lymphoproliferative Disorder Panel Kappa, Lambda, CD45, CD38, CD10c, CD11, CD19, CD5, CD20, CD103, CD180, IgM, CD200, CD43, CD21, CD3, CD16, CD56, CD7, CD8, TCR g/d, FMC4, CD7 & CD23, CD45+ Stem cell enumeration CD34, Iso clonic control, Viability idayi, Stem count amaso.
