Izigulana zinokuba nolunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu zilandelayo:
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Isilonda esingapholiyo, esinokungabi nantlungu/sibe buhlungu
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Ukudumba kwiintsini, inkalakahla, okanye ulwimi
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Amazinyo ahlambulukileyo
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Ukungakwazi ukunxiba identure ngokufanelekileyo.
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Ubunzima bokuhlafuna kunye nokuginya
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Iintlungu ngelixa uginya
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Igazi ematheni
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Amaqhuma entanyeni
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Intlungu endlebeni
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Ibala elimhlophe (iLeukoplakia) okanye ibala elibomvu (i-Erythroplakia) kwi-buccal mucosa
