What is pelvic organ prolapse (POP)?

Verified by Dr. Vandana Gawdi, Consultant Obstetrics & Gynecology, Apollo Hospitals, Navi Mumbai.

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a condition in which one or more of the pelvic organs (vagina, uterus, bladder, urethra, rectum) drop from their normal position. The pelvic organs are supported by a network of muscles and ligaments called the pelvic floor. When the pelvic floor muscles become weak or damaged, the pelvic organs can drop or protrude into the vagina or rectum. POP is a common condition, affecting up to half of all women over the age of 50. It is most common in women who have had vaginal childbirth, but it can also occur in women who have never been pregnant.

Risk factors for POP

• Obesity
• Age
• Chronic constipation
• Smoking
• Connective tissue disorders
• Certain medical conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and diabetes

Symptoms of POP

• A feeling of pressure or fullness in the vagina or rectum
• A bulge in the vagina or rectum
• Difficulty urinating or emptying the bladder completely
• Urinary or fecal incontinence
• Pain or discomfort during sex

POP can be diagnosed with a pelvic exam. In some cases, additional tests, such as a urodynamic evaluation or imaging tests, may be needed to assess the severity of the condition and to determine the best treatment plan.

Treatment for pelvic organ prolapse

There are a number of treatment options available for POP, depending on the severity of the condition and the patient’s individual needs. Treatment options include:

• Lifestyle changes, such as weight loss and pelvic floor exercises
• Pessary therapy, which involves inserting a device into the vagina to support the pelvic organs
• Surgery to repair the pelvic floor muscles and/or to reposition the pelvic organs

If you are experiencing symptoms of POP, it is important to see a doctor to get a diagnosis and discuss your treatment options.

Consult our expert, Dr. Vandana Gawdi, Consultant Obstetrics & Gynecology, Apollo Hospitals, Navi Mumbai. Call 022 6280 6280 for an appointment.